Nonmendelian Genetics
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Transcript of Nonmendelian Genetics
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Nonmendelian Genetics
6FIncomplete,
Codominance & Blood Types
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Incomplete Dominance
• A blend of alleles• Red & white flower make pink offspring
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Codominance
• Both alleles are expressed separately• Red & white flower make Striped or spottedoffspring
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Blood Types
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Sex-linked Traits
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Pedigrees
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Huntington’s Disease
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Hemophilia
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Techniques to study the genomes of organisms
6H
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Human Genome Project
• http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml
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Human Genome Project Goals
• identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA,
• determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA,
• store this information in databases, • improve tools for data analysis, • transfer related technologies to the private sector, and • address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that
may arise from the project.
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Gel Electrophoresis
• Also known as “DNA Fingerprinting”
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DNA Fingerprinting
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072835125/126997/animation40.html
• Paternity & Maternity • Criminal
identification & forensics
• Personal identification
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Real Pictures of Gel Electrophoresis!
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Restriction Enzymes• What is an enzyme?– Carbohydrate? Lipid? Nucleic Acid? Protein?
• Cuts DNA into smaller fragments
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Restriction Enzymes, cont’d• Restriction enzymes cut in specific places• Some produce “sticky ends”
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• Gel electrophoresis or DNA Fingerprinting…
• Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into fragments which are separated out during gel electrophoresis
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Genetic Modifications
• GMO’s (genetically modified organisms) include bacteria and yeast, insects, plants, fish, and mammals.
• Used for research and to produce disease resistant crops.
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Chromosomal Analysis
• Blood sample• Amniotic fluid• Bone marrow• Tissue
KARYOTYPE
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