NONEL GUIDE

8/13/2019 NONEL GUIDE

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NONEL

USERS GUIDEThe NONEL system ......................................... 7Snapline connector block ................................. 8In-hole detonator .............................................. 9Three different NONEL systems .................... 10NONEL MS .................................................... 13Firing plan for bench blasting......................... 14Firing plan for pipeline trench blasting .......... 15Firing plan with detonating cord .................... 16Underwater blasting........................................ 17Sub-level caving ............................................. 19NONEL UNIDET ........................................... 20

Principle of initiation with NONEL UNIDET 21Risk of overlapping ........................................ 23UNIDET firing plan No. 1 .............................. 24UNIDET firing plan No. 2 .............................. 25UNIDET firing plan No. 3 .............................. 26UNIDET firing plan No. 4 .............................. 27UNIDET firing plan No. 5 .............................. 28UNIDET firing plan No. 6 .............................. 29UNIDET firing plan No. 7 .............................. 30UNIDET firing plan No. 8 .............................. 31UNIDET firing plan No. 9 .............................. 32

UNIDET firing plan No. 10 ............................ 33UNIDET firing plan No. 11 ............................ 34UNIDET firing plan No. 12 ............................ 35UNIDET firing plan No. 13 ............................ 36UNIDET firing plan No. 14 ............................ 37UNIDET firing plan No. 15 ............................ 38UNIDET firing plan No. 16 ............................ 39UNIDET firing plan No. 17 ............................ 40UNIDET firing plan No. 18 ............................ 40NONEL LP ..................................................... 41Firing plan LP1 ............................................... 42Initiation by means of bunch connectors ........ 43Firing plan LP2 ............................................... 44Firing plan LP3 ............................................... 45Firing plan LP4 ............................................... 45Firing plan LP5 ............................................... 46Initiation by means of detonating cord ........... 47Initiation with the aid of Dynoline ................. 48Initiation by electric detonator........................ 51Destroying detonators..................................... 52Destroying NONEL tubes............................... 52

Destroying detonating cord ............................ 52Dealing with misfires ..................................... 53Fact sheet for NONEL system ........................ 54EC type certificate .......................................... 55

Contents

TECHNICAL DATA SHEETS

INITIATION SYSTEMS


EXPLOSIVES


ACCESSORIES

USERS

GUIDE


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Photography: Reinhold Carlson, et al.Illustrations: Thommy Gustavsson, Gsta Lithner

Printed on environmentally-friendly paper, Inlaga Cyklus print 150 g; cover Chromocard 240 g.SOO/1998-08/Edition 1.

U S E R S G U I D E

This Users Guide is intended as a complement to the NONEL SystemDescription, in which the function of the entire NONEL system is de-scribed in detail. The main purpose of this booklet is to propose firingplans and give ideas on how they may be adapted to meet different de-

mands in modern rock blasting.


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Users GuideThe NONEL initiation system was invented by Dyno Nobel and firstmarketed in 1973. It is a non-electric initiation system based on a signalline of low energy type. A shock wave is made to pass through the signalline, which consists of a plastic tube coated internally with a reactive

substance. The shock wave is strong enough to initiate a delay element,but not strong enough to split the tube and initiate adjacent explosives.The velocity of the shock wave through the tube is approximately 2100m/s.

The difference between NONEL and other non-electric systems suchas detonating cord is that the reaction in NONEL is enclosed in a tube.With detonating cord, the cord itself detonates, as the name implies.

Initiation front

With NONEL, the shock wave is enclosed in a plastic tube.With detonating cord, the cord itself detonates.


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With the NONEL system, the explosive can be initiated effectively fromthe bottom, whereas detonating cord causes initiation in the top part ofthe hole in most cases. When used to initiate relatively insensitive ex-plosives such as ANFO and certain slurries, detonating cord can causedead-pressing of the explosive.

NONEL Detonating cord

Top initiation with detonating cord often causes flyrock, since the

stemming is destroyed as the detonation passes through it.

When initiating a round with NONEL, initiation on the surface takes place well before

initiation of the explosives in the drill hole.

NONEL

Detonating cord


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The NONEL system

The NONEL initiation system consists of in-hole detonators, surface connector units,

starter tube and a blasting machine.

FunctionThe function of the in-hole detonator is to initiate the explosive in thedrill hole. The function of the surface connector unit is to transmit theinitiation signal to the in-hole detonator. The surface connector unit con-sists of a connector block that contains a mini-detonator with or withouta delay element.


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Snapline connector block

The NONEL SL connector block is intended to initiate 5 NONEL tubes.Thanks to the design of the block, the NONEL tubes are initiated in bothdirections.

Snapline connector blocks are intended for transmitting the initiation shock

wave on the rock surface only and must not be used in the drill hole.

If the cover on the SL connector block

needs to be opened after it has been

snapped shut, simply take the free end of a

NONEL tube, slip it underneath the lock

of the cover and pull upwards. Knives or

other sharp objects should not be used.

Hold the connector block in one hand

between the thumb and forefinger, with

the opening (slot) facing upwards.

1

With your other hand, take the tubes that

are to be connected and snap them into

the slot one by one.

Slide the block toward the drill hole and

tension the tubes moderately to tidy up the

connection.

When all tubes (max. 5 pieces) are in

place, snap shut the cover with your

thumb. Make sure the cover snaps into the

locked position.

2

3

4

1 2

3 4


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The in-hole detonator is of No. 8 strength (according to Prior test No.10)to ensure reliable initiation of primers and detonator-sensitive explo-sives. It is a NPED* detonator (i.e. Non-Primary Explosives Detona-tor), which means that it does not contain a primary explosive. The NPEDdetonator is considerably less sensitive to impact and shock comparedwith detonators that contain primary explosive. The sensitive lead azide(the primary explosive) has been replaced with pentyl, which is enclosedin a steel sleeve.

The in-hole detonator is intended for initiation of the explosive in the hole

only and must not be used on the rock surface. (The only exception is when

an electric detonator is used to initiate a NONEL round - see page 51).

In-hole detonator

Cutaway section of NPED detonator

*US patent No. 4.727.808


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Three different NONEL

systems

Three NONEL-based initiation systems are available:NONEL MS

NONEL UNIDET

NONEL LP

NONEL MS and NONEL UNIDET are used for bench blasting. Theirdelay times are therefore designed to suit the conditions that prevail inbench blasting.

When blasting several rows on a bench, it is important that the rockin the first row is given enough time to move forwards before the nextrow starts to move. Since rock swells by approximately 50% in volumewhen broken up by explosives, room must be made for this expansionwithin a very short period of time. Studies have shown that, ideally, therock in a row should move forwards by 1/3 of the burden before the nextrow is allowed to detonate. Since the required delay time between rowscan vary between 10 ms per metre of burden in hard rock to 30 ms/m insoft rock, a value of 15 ms/m can generally be used as a guideline.

B = burden


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NONEL MS

is a conventional delay initiation system with a delay time of 25 msbetween each interval. Such short delay times are a legacy from thepast, when small-diameter holes were drilled with small burdens. Series11 and 12 integral drill-steels require a burden of between 1 and 1.5metres, for which a delay of 25 ms between rows is a good normal value.

NONEL UNIDETis an initiation system that employs a uniform delay time in the in-holedetonators and variable delay times in the connector units on the sur-face. The delay time in the drill hole is usually 500 ms (but other optionscan be used). This is then supplemented by delay times in the surfaceconnector units, which give the desired initiation sequence.

Surface delays from 17 to 176 ms are available, which gives greatflexibility in adapting the initiation sequence to suit the burden and rockcharacteristics.

NONEL LP

is an initiation system intended for underground use. The delay times

between intervals in the system are generally longer in order to giveenough time for blasted rock to be properly displaced in the confinedspace and single free face typical in tunnelling.

In most tunnels today, the parallel-hole cut is employed to first breakout a central cavity in the face, into which the rock surrounding the cutcan be displaced. The cut usually incorporates one or more large-diam-eter relief holes, which are not charged. The rock broken by the hole(s)closest to the relief hole(s) must be thrown out of the face before thenext closest hole(s) are detonated. Since blasted rock is thrown out ofthe face at a velocity of 40-60 metres per second, displacement will takebetween 60 and 100 milliseconds for a hole 4 metres in depth. A delay

time of at least 100 ms between intervals in the cut is therefore essentialin order to prevent the rock from jamming up in the cut and impairingthe blasting result.


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Once the cut has been thrown out of the face to make room for furtherrock displacement, a different detonator/explosive effect is required, sincelimited throwback of the round is now desirable. The shotholes surround-ing the cut are therefore given longer delays (500 ms) between intervals,with the aim of producing a neatly confined muck pile that is easy toload.

When blasting the contour, a primary requirement is that the detonatorsshould have good precision in order to ensure simultaneity in smooth-blasting.


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NONEL MS

NONEL MS is of conventional construction with 25 ms delays betweenintervals. The initiation sequence is built up by means of the uniquedelay times of each interval. Initiation is effected on the surface by meansof connector blocks with instantaneous initiation. The system has 18intervals numbered from 3 to 20. The series begins with No. 3 for thepurpose of delaying the first interval by 75 ms in order to avoid the riskof tube cut-offs. NONEL tube, with its shock wave transmission veloc-ity of 2100 m/s, has an inherent delay of 0.5 ms/m. In larger roundstherefore, it is conceivable that all detonators will not receive their ini-

tiation signals by the time rock displacement begins from the first hole.By delaying the first interval by 75 ms, a total of 150 m of tube is per-missible in the connector units on the surface without the risk of tubes tosome parts of the round being damaged by early rock displacement orflyrock.

Signal conductors to detonators with nominally lower delay period numbers

must not be more than 8 metres longer than signal conductors to detonators

with the next higher delay period number.

NONEL MS is used mainly in smaller bench blasting operations on thesurface and underground, as well as in underwater blasting and sub-level caving.


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Firing plan for bench blasting

Each surface connector unit initiates 4 in-hole detonators, as well as thenext surface connector unit. For the shortest possible delay in surface

initiation, initiation takes place via a trunk line from which side linesbranch off. However, with this arrangement it should be rememberedthat, if a surface connector unit in one of the front rows fails to detonate,it would have a negative influence on the blasting result in the rear partof the round.

3

66 6 6 7

65

5

5556

5 4

4

4 4 4

3

7

3 3 4


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Firing plan for pipeline trench blasting

Connection is made in the direction of initiation. Failure of one surfaceconnector unit does not affect the result significantly. The round can be

reconnected and fired with good results.A disadvantage of the NONEL MS system in pipeline trench blastingis the limited length of trench that can be blasted in each round.

12

13 13

12

10

11 11

10

8

9 9

8

6

7 7

6

4

5 5

4

3 3


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Firing plan with detonating cord

NONEL MS rounds can be initiated with detonating cord, provided thatnoise and airborne shock waves are permissible at the worksite. Deto-

nating cord with a charge weight of between 3.6 and 5.0 g/m is recom-mended.Ideally, the NONEL tube should be connected to the detonating cord

by means of a MULTICLIP.

7 6 6 6 6 7

6 5 5 5 5 6

5 4 4 4 4 5

4 3 3 3 3 4


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Underwater blasting

For underwater blasting, a reinforced version of NONEL MS is recom-mended, as well as two detonators in each hole. The tubes from thedetonators are connected to Snapline 0 connector blocks on the watersurface. The Snapline connector blocks should be mounted on floats ofpolystyrene or a similar material.

Two initiation paths are recommended in underwater blasting in or-der to ensure the reliability of initiation.

4

5

3

4

3

4

3...

4...


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Underwater rounds can also be initiated by detonat-ing cord. A maximum of 20 NONEL tubes can be gath-ered into a bunch, and detonating cord tied in a clovehitch around the bunch.

Bunches should be placed at least half a metre awayfrom each other in order to reduce the risk of tube

cut-off.

4 3 3 3...

5 4 4 4...


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NONEL MS is well suited for use in sub-level caving, which could bedescribed as a kind of upside-down bench blasting.

Sub-level caving

7

6

54

3 34

5

6

7

12

11

10

98 8

9 10

11

12


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NONEL UNIDET

NONEL UNIDET is based on the use of in-hole detonators with uni-form delay. All in-hole detonators in the round have the same delay timeand the initiation sequence is determined on the surface by means ofsurface connector units with built-in delays. The delay time in the in-hole detonator is usually chosen as 500 ms, which normally enables allin-hole detonators to be initiated on the surface before any rock dis-placement begins.


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Final delay

Principle of initiation with NONEL UNIDET

Base delay

All holes in the round are usually charged with detonators with the samedelay in this case 500 ms.

The initiation sequence is determined on the surface by means of Snaplineconnector blocks.

500 ms 500 500 500...

500 ms 525 550 575...

Surface delay 0 ms 25 50 75...


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Snapline connector blocks are available with different delays and arecolour coded to indicate the delay time.

Green 0 ms (nominally 1.75 ms)

Yellow 17 ms

Red 25 ms

White 42 msBlue 67 ms

Black 109 ms

Orange 176 ms

With Snapline connector blocks, surface activation takes place well be-fore rock displacement begins.

0 ms 42 84 126 168 210 252 294 336 378 420 462 504 etc. etc.

1004...962...920584...542500 ms


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According to Swedish Standard SS 4990707 Initiation systems withnon-electric signal lines of low energy type, section 19.4 Theoretical

verification, the maximum round size for different firing plans must bestated. If the stated number of holes is exceeded, a risk of overlappingunacceptable under SS 4990707 arises.

Dyno Nobel advises against the use of firing plans that do not meetthe demands of SS 4990707.

The calculations are based on nominal delay times and maximumstandard deviations submitted by the manufacturer. They are intendedto show where a theoretical risk of overlapping will arise in the mostunfavourable case. A risk of overlapping is considered to exist if there isa possibility of a hole in one of the back rows detonating before a hole inone of the front rows. The risk of overlapping is stated for each firingplan. The recommendations given are applicable provided that all in-

hole detonators have the same active tube length. The term active tubelength refers to the length of tube between the in-hole detonator andthe point on the tube at which the surface connector unit is connected.The time increment that the delay times receive (on the basis of thevelocity of the detonation wave in NONEL tubes) has a negative influ-ence on the number of holes in a row only when the active tube lengthreduces with the row depth, i.e. when the active tube length in any rowis shorter than that in a previous row. For this reason, the greatest per-missible length differential is 5 metres.

Length differentials of 0 and 5 metres have been taken into consideration in

the calculation of the risks of overlapping.

N.B.

The delay times between rows must always be equal to or greater thanthe delay times between the holes in the rows.

Risk of overlapping.

Maximum round sizes for different firing

plans using NONEL UNIDET.


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UNIDET firing plan No. 1

Row-by-row connection of a NONEL UNIDET round: 25 ms delay be-tween rows and no delay between holes. The holes at both edges of the

round are delayed by 25 ms to give a better breaking angle and reducethe risk of overbreak. Only 3 components are needed: NONEL UNIDETdetonator, Snapline 0 and Snapline 25 connector blocks.

Risk of overlapping:

0 metres length differential in active tube length

Number of holes per row that can be connected without contraveningSwedish Standard SS 4990707.

Delay time between rows of holes

Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176

Max. No. of holes per row X 292 1000 1000 1000 1000


Number of holes per row that can be connected without contravening

Swedish Standard SS 4990707.


Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176


The stated limitations in the number of holes per row assume symmetric connection,

i.e. that the rows are connected in the centre of the round. In the case of rounds

connected asymmetrically, only half the stated number is permissible.

X= Not recommended

X= Not recommended

25 0 0 00

0

50 25 25 2525 25

75 50 50 5050 50

100 75 75 7575 75

100 100 100 100 100125

125 125 125 125 125150


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Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176


5 metres length differential in active tube lengthNumber of holes per row that can be connected without contraveningSwedish Standard SS 4990707.


Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176



i.e. that the rows are connected in the centre of the round. In the case of rounds

connected asymmetrically, only half the stated number is permissible. The values in the

tables assume that the same delay time is used between rows as between the

individual holes in the rows.


Plow-shaped initiation with 25 ms delay between rows and 25 ms delaybetween the holes in the rows. Needs few components. Snapline 0 con-

nector block can be replaced with a Snapline 25 in order to rationalizestock holding, i.e. NONEL UNIDET detonators and Snapline 25 con-nector blocks only. This firing plan gives good fragmentation throughthe collision effect as the round is thrown forwards.

X= Not recommended

X= Not recommended

250 225 50 25 0 25

275 250

300275

300

325

350

75 50 25 50

325

350

375

100 75 50 75

125 100 75 100

150 125 100 125

175 150 125 150


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Another firing plan with few components. Through diagonal connec-tion, a 50 ms delay is obtained between rows, with a delay of 25 ms

between the holes in the rows. This firing plan gives a wide hole-spac-ing effect, which has a favourable effect on fragmentation. As in theprevious firing plan, the number of components can be rationalized totwo the NONEL UNIDET in-hole detonator and Snapline 25 connec-tor block if the round is initiated by means of a Snapline 25 connectorblock.





Connector block used SL17 SL25 SL42 SL67 SL109 SL176

Delay time between rows

Milliseconds 34 50 84 134 218 352

Max. No. of holes per row 56 140 126 224 434 696




Connector block used SL17 SL25 SL42 SL67 SL109 SL176

Delay time between rows

Milliseconds 34 50 84 134 218 352

Max. No. of holes per row 46 124 118 214 422 686


i.e. that the rows are connected in the centre of the round. In the case of roundsconnected asymmetrically, only half the stated number is permissible.

250

300

350

400

450

500

225

275

325

375

425

475 300 275 250 275

250 225 200 225

200 175 150 175

150 125 100 125

100 75 50 75

50 25 0 25


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Firing plan with 42 ms delay between rows and 17 ms between the holesin the rows. Connection is made row-by-row toward the rear of the round.

Good wide hole-spacing effect.Risk of overlapping:


Maximum number of holes per row in round with different combinations of

surface connector units.

Delay between holes Delay between hole rows

in the same row Milliseconds

Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176

17 X 11 45 103 289 771

25 X 11 45 103 289 771

42 X X 17 38 107 28467 X X X 26 73 193

109 X X X X 53 140

176 X X X X X 86


Maximum number of holes per row in round with different combinations of

surface connector units.

Delay between holes Delay between hole rows

in the same row Milliseconds

Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176

17 X 7 39 94 275 748

25 X 7 39 94 275 74842 X X 15 35 101 275

67 X X X 24 69 187

109 X X X X 50 136

176 X X X X X 84

The stated limitations in the number of holes per row assume asymmetric connection,

i.e. that the rows are connected at one edge of the round. In the case of rounds

connected symmetrically, i.e. from the centre outward in both directions, twice as many

holes per row can be connected without contravening Swedish Standard SS 4990707.

X= Not recommended

X= Not recommended

102 85 68 51 34 17 0

144 127 110 93 76 59 42

186 169 152 135 118 10184

228 211 194 177 160 143126

270 253 236 219 202 185168

312 295 278 261 244 227210


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42 ms delay between rows and 17 ms between the holes in the rows.Plow-shaped initiation with good wide hole-spacing effect.


SL 17 should not be used between rows, or the risk of overlapping will exceed what is

permissible under Swedish Standard SS 4990707. In all other combinations where the

delay time between the holes in the rows is shorter than the delay time between rows,the risk of overlapping does not contravene Swedish Standard SS 4990707.

68 51 34 17 0 17 34...

110 93 76 59 42 59 76

152 135 118 101 84 101 118

194 177 160 143 126 143 160


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delay time between the holes in the rows is shorter than the delay time between rows,the risk of overlapping does not contravene Swedish Standard SS 4990707.


Firing plan with 109 ms delay between rows and 17 ms between theholes in the rows. Suitable for rounds with holes of relatively large di-

ameter and commensurately large burden. Holes connected row-by-rowtoward the rear of the round.

51 34 17 0 17 34

160 143 126 109 126 143

269 252 235 218 235 252

378 361 344 327 344 361


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U 500

U 500


Firing plan with a delay of 109 ms between rows and 42 ms between theholes in the rows. Suitable for rounds with holes of relatively large di-

ameter and commensurately large burden. Holes are connected row-by-row toward the rear. Two detonators are used in each hole, which isrecommended when the rock is cracked or fissured and bulk explosivesare used. In this case, the top detonator has been connected to a connec-tor block that is initiated 42 ms later than the block that initiates thebottom detonator. This is designed to prevent, as far as possible, the topdetonator from initiating before the bottom one.




delay time between the holes in the rows is shorter than the delay time between rows,

the risk of overlapping does not contravene Swedish Standard SS 4990707.

210 168 126 84 42 042 84...

319 277 235 193 151 109 151 193...

428 386 344 302 260 218 260 302...

537 495 453 411 369 327 369 411...

646 604 562 520 478 436 478 520...

755 713 671 629 587 545 587 629...


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By means of diagonal connection, the delay between rows can be welladapted to local conditions. In this case, diagonal connection gives a

delay of 17 + 42 ms = 59 ms between rows and a delay of 17 ms be-tween the holes in the rows. The Snapline 67 connector block is used inthe last two rows to increase the delay in these rows to 84 ms, whichoften gives better breakage and throw.



Max. 32 rows of holes can be connected without contravening



Max. 29 rows of holes can be connected without contraveningSwedish Standard SS 4990707.

85 68 51 34 17 0 25 42

144 127 110 93 76 59 84 101

203 186 169 152 135 118 143 160

262 245 228 211 194 177 202 219

346 329 312 295 278 261 286 303

430 413 396 379 362 345370 387


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Simple zigzag connection with 101 ms delay between rows and 59 msbetween the holes in the rows. At the beginning of the loop, however,

the delay times are shorter, i.e. 59 ms and 17 ms. A good plan if onlytwo rows are to be fired.


NONE

0 17 76 135 194 253

59 118 177 236 295 354...


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U 500

U 500




A maximum of 30 rows of holes can be connected without contravening

Swedish Standard 4990707.




Connected with two detonators in each hole. Can be a good safety pre-caution if there is water in the holes or if there are other reasons to be

concerned about the possibility of interruptions in the explosives col-umn. In this plan there is a 59 ms delay between rows and 17 ms be-tween the holes in the rows. The upper detonator is connected diago-nally to the block for the next hole, which gives it a 17 ms delay. Thisnormally ensures initiation of the bottom detonator first.

17 34 51 68 85 102119

136

59 76 93 110 127 144 161 178

118 135 152 169 186 203 220 237

177 194 211 228 245 262 279 296

236 253 270 287 304 321 338355

295 312 329 346 363 380 397414

431

0


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U 500

U 500


A 176 ms delay between rows, with a 42 ms delay between the holes inthe rows in one direction and 25 ms in the other. Gives each hole a

unique delay time. Good wide hole-spacing effect. This plan is veryreliable, since each hole is initiated by two detonators connected to sepa-rate connector blocks.



permissible under Swedish Standard SS 4990707. In all other combinations where thedelay time between the holes in the rows is shorter than the delay time between rows,

the risk of overlapping does not contravene Swedish Standard SS 4990707.

420 168 126 84 42 0 25 67...

596 344 302 260 218 176 201 243...

762 520 478 436 394 352 377 419...

938 696 654 612 570 528 553 595...

1114 872 830 788 746 704 729 771...

1290 1048 1006 964 922 880 905 947...


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U 500

U 500


In both symmetric and asymmetric connection, an unlimited number of holes and rows

can be connected without contravening Swedish Standard SS 4990707.


Extra reliability through double initiation lines.25 + 67 = 92 ms delay between rows and 25 ms between the holes in the

rows. There are two detonators in each hole, which can be a good pre-caution in cracked or fissured rock and when using bulk explosives. Toavoid top initiation as far as possible, the upper detonator is connectedto a block that detonates later than the block to which the bottom deto-nator is connected.

75 50 25 0 25 50

167 142 117 92 117 142

259 234 209 184 209 234

351 326 301 276 301 326376


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U 450

U 475

U 500


Three-deck charge in each hole for sites where there are restrictions onvibration. Each sub-charge has its own delay time. There is a 101 ms

delay between rows and 59 ms between the holes in the rows (with theexception of holes 1 and 2 in the first row).


Complies with Swedish Standard SS 4990707.

0 17 76 135 194 253

59 118 177 236 295


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U 450

U 475

U 500


Firing plan for blasting with three-deck charge in each hole. There aretwo detonators in each charge. Two parallel initiation lines give a delay

of 84 ms between rows, with 17 ms between the holes in the rows. Plandemonstrates that NONEL UNIDET, together with Snapline connectorblocks, can be used in the most complicated of situations.








0 17 34 51 68 85 102 119

84 101 118 135 152 169 186 203

0

168 185 202 219 236 253 270 287

252 269 286 303 320 337 354 371

336 353 370 387 404 421 438 455

420 437 454 471 488 505 522 539


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Smooth blasting with NONEL UNIDET. The smooth-blast row is deto-nated last in the round.



Number of holes that can be connected without contraveningSwedish Standard SS 4990707.

No. of rows 4 11 16

Max. No. of holes per row 14 12 10

The values assume symmetric connection, i.e. connection inthe centre of the row and outward in both directions.


Number of holes that can be connected without contraveningSwedish Standard SS 4990707.

No. of rows 3 10 16

Max. No. of holes per row 14 12 10

The values assume symmetric connection, i.e. connection inthe centre of the row and outward in both directions.

51 34 170

17 34

160 143 126 109 126 143

269 252 235 218 235 252

378 361 344 327 344 361

453 436 436 436 436 453


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Pre-splitting with NONEL UNIDET. Best results are obtained if deto-nating cord can be used (3.6 or 5.0 g/m) to initiate the pre-split row (bear

in mind the airborne shock wave).N.B. The detonating cord should be located at least 20 cm away fromthe NONEL tubes in the round in order to avoid cut-offs of the tubes.


No limitation in the round part. However, pre-split row will detonate first.

68 51 34 17 34 51

0

177 160 143 126143 160

286 269 252

395 378 361

235 252 269

344 361 378

00 0 0

00


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500 542 584 626...

475 517 559 601...

500 542 584 626...

U 500U 475

0

17 34

51

68 85

102

119 136

153

170 187

204

221 238UNIDET firing plan No. 17


Simple connection of pipeline trench us-ing only 3 components, which can be re-

duced to 2 if the Snapline 0 connectorblock is replaced with a Snapline 17.

Pipeline trench blasting with UNIDET U475 detonators in the centreholes and U500 in the outer holes. A delay of 42 ms between rows givesgood breaking geometry in the round.


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NONEL LP has been developed for drift and tunnel blasting, where longerdelay times are needed to give enough time for the rock to break freeand be thrown away from the face.

NONEL LP

The LP series detonators have the following nominal delay times:

No. 0 25 ms No. 14 1400 ms

1 100 ms 16 1600 ms

2 200 ms 18 1800 ms

3 300 ms 20 2075 ms4 400 ms 25 2500 ms

5 500 ms 30 3000 ms6 600 ms 35 3500 ms

7 700 ms 40 4000 ms

8 800 ms 45 4500 ms9 900 ms 50 5000 ms

10 1000 ms 55 5500 ms

11 1110 ms 60 6000 ms

12 1235 ms


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55 50 50 50 50 50 50 55

50 18 14

10

12 18 25 50

40 16 9

3

9 16 20 40

5 1 6

4 2

8 7

40 18 12

10

14 18 25 40

4025

20 16 20 25

30

40

5035

30 30 30

35

45

50

45

45

45 45

45

Firing plan LP 1

The round is charged conventionally, with the lowest period numbernearest the large-diameter relief hole and the highest out at the contour.Initiation can be effected by means of bunch connectors. Connect the

NONEL tube from the bunch connectors to a Snapline 0 connector blockor a NONEL STARTER.

Note that LP detonator No. 0 has not been used in the firing plan. (Itmay, however, be advisable to keep it as a spare in case the relief hole isfull of water. The water can then be blown out of the hole using a weakcharge that detonates first.)

The length differential between the initiation points on the respective NONEL

tubes and their in-hole detonators should not exceed 5 metres.


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43

Gather at least 5 but maximum 20 NONEL

tubes into a bunch.

InitiationInitiation by means of bunch connectors

The bunch connector is only intended for use hanging freely on thetunnel face.

Bind the bunch together with tape as close as

possible to the face of the tunnel. Apply

another band of tape 40 cm out from the first

binding.

Insert the bunch through a loop of 5 g/mdetonating cord. Fit a Snapline 0connector

block to the loop and slide it up against the

bunch of tubes.

Make sure the Snapline connector block and

detonating cord are located at least 20 cm

away from the tape point nearest the tunnel

face. Press the Snapline connector block

against the bunch of NONEL tubes and snap it

shut by pressing the cover down into the

locked position. Now connect the leads from

the Snapline connector blocks on the

respective bunch connectors into a Snapline 0

connector block and pull the bunch connectors

away from the tunnel face. N.B. Make sure

that none of the bunch connectors is located

any closer than 20 cm to other NONEL tubes.


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44

55 50 50 50 50 50 50 55

50 18 14

10

12 18 25 50

40 16 9

3

9 16 20 40

5 1 6

4 2

8 7

40 18 12

10

14 18 25 40

4025

20 16 20 25

30

40

5035

30 30 30

35

45

50

45

45

45 45

45

Firing plan LP 2

If there are restrictions on vibration at the worksite, the problem can bealleviated by delaying half the face by 42 ms (for instance), as in thiscase. The solution gives a greater spread and reduces the risk of charges

detonating simultaneously.In this case, LP detonator No. 0 cannot be used, since a hole with adelay of only 25 ms would detonate before the detonators bunch-con-nected to the Snapline 42 connector blocks could be activated, thus in-curring an obvious risk of cut-offs of the NONEL tubes.


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55 50 50 45 45 45 45 5545 45 50 50

53

4 4

35

4

1

2 25 54

50 16 14 10 8 8 10 14 16 50

25 14 12 9 7 7 9 12 14 25

2014 12 10 8 8 10 12 14

20

20

20

40

40

3535

3530

3030

25

20

40

40

30

35

20

16

25

30

35

2525

35

25 25

30

16 1616

10

12

129

12

14

18

18

18

10

14

1012

12

9

12

14

18

18

18

1014

+67 ms +109 ms

0 ms +42 ms+176 ms

+109 ms+67 ms

0 ms +42 ms+176 ms

By using Snapline connector blocks with different delays, the risk ofsimultaneous detonation in sensitive environments can be reduced.In this case, 5 different Snapline blocks have been used to give a greaterspread in detonation times.

The lowest delay time in the cut is 100 ms (LP det. No. 1) in order toavoid cut-offs of the NONEL tubes.

Firing plan LP 3

Firing plan LP 4


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55 50 50 50 50 50 50 55

50 18 1410

12 18 25 50

40 16 9

1

9 16 20 40

5

4

6

2

38 7

40 18 1210

14 18 25 40

4025

20 16 20 25

3040

50 35

3030

30

35

45

50

45

45

45 45

45

The bunches are then connected together with detonating cord and pulledaway from the tunnel face. The detonating cord should be tensioned so

that it does not lie too close (min. 20 cm) to the NONEL tubes, other-wise there is a risk of the shock wave from the detonating cord to cut offthe NONEL tubes without initiating them.

Initiation by means of detonating cord

In bunch initiation using detonating cord, at least 5 but maximum 20NONEL tubes are gathered into a bunch and taped together as close aspossible to the tunnel face.

A second tape binding is applied approximately 40 cm from the face.A clove hitch is then tied around the bunch using 3.6 or 5 g/m detonatingcord, and tightened at least 20 cm away from the tape point nearest thetunnel face.


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48

Initiation with the aid of Dynoline

The simplest and safest way to initiate NONEL rounds is with the aid ofDynoline, which is NONEL tube supplied in rolls of 750 or 1500 metres.A suitable length of Dynoline is connected between the leader on thefirst Snapline connector block in the round and the DynoStart blastingmachine that is used to initiate the round.

(NONEL rounds can also be initiated by means of an electric detona-tor - see page 51).


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The glue plug or sealing weld in the NONEL tube from the Snaplineblock must be cut off and the tube connected to the Dynoline by meansof an outer tube 4 cm in length (cut from the outer tube supplied with theroll of Dynoline). The NONEL tube must be pressed into the outer tubeby at least 1 cm. The Dynoline should then be drawn out to the chosenfiring site.

When the round is ready for firing, connect the Dynoline to a blastingmachine (type DynoStart) by inserting the tube into the chuck as far asit will go. Do not turn the chuck.


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To initiate the round, press the CHARGING button until the light-emitting-diode (LED) lights constantly. Then, keeping the CHARG-

ING button depressed, press the FIRING button.


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51

Initiation by electric detonator

NONEL rounds can also be initiated by means of an electric detonator.

In this case, the detonator is connected to the lead of the first Snaplineconnector block in the round (preferably a Snapline 0). The detonatormust be connected firmly to the lead using insulation tape, and the bot-tom of the detonator must point in the direction in which lead on theconnector block is required to initiate.

N.B.

To protect the NONEL tubes in the round from shrapnel from the elec-tric detonator, the detonator must be well covered with soil or drill cut-tings. Ideally, it should be located at least 5 metres away from the round.This can be achieved by connecting a suitable length of Dynoline to thelead on the Snapline connector block (see page 48 for instructions) and

connecting the electric detonator to the opposite end of the Dynoline.N.B.

When an electric detonator is connected to the round, you are subject tothe same risks as in electric initiation as far as lightning, static electric-ity, stray currents, etc. are concerned. For this and other safety reasons,the detonator must NOT be connected to the Snapline connector blockuntil the round has been connected up completely and firing is about totake place.


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52

Destroying detonatorsDetonators that are damaged or too old must not be used. They must bedestroyed.

Destroying NONEL tubesWith the aid of a DynoStart blasting machine, initiate and burn out thereactive substance in the tube and then send it to:

1. A recycling site2. A garbage dump3. An incineration site.

Destroying detonating cord1. Connect the detonating cord to a detonator and fire the detonator.Bear in mind the risk of shrapnel and airborne shock waves.2. Drop the detonating cord into a blast hole together with the explo-sives and let it detonate with the round.

Detonators can also be exploded by

taping them to an explosive cartridge

and then detonating the cartridge. If

the cartridge is detonated in the open

air, bear in mind the potential hazards

posed by shrapnel and airborne shock

waves.

If larger quantities of detonators need to be destroyed due to damage orage, please contact Dyno Nobel or your nearest Dyno Nobel representa-tive.

Destruction

Individual undamaged detonators

can be destroyed by detonating

them in conjunction with the firing

of a round. Cut the tubes off the

detonators and drop the detonators

one-by-one into one or more of the

drill holes. They will detonate when

the round is fired.


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Dealing with misfiresIf undetonated holes are encountered after blasting, the following pro-cedure can be followed:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

A B C D E F G

Risk zone evacuated

and guarded. Signal, fire,

wait, check.

Completely

OK

Muck out

Report

New starter

Check

B1

Report

Uncover

New primer,

new starter

Check

B1 Report

Blow out

New primer

and starter

Check

B1Report

Notify, mark,

guard if

necessary

Report

Flush out

and scale

alongside

Re-charge

B1

Report

Assess

entirety

Treat as C4

Misfire

Whole roundPart of

round

Several

misfires

Isolated

misfires

Uninitiatedtube Undetonatedcharge

Open

chargeStemming

Easy Difficult

Can be

saved for

next round

Must

be fired

Note: The relevant safety regulations

in each country must be observed.

Report

New starter

Check

B1


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The NONEL system is not intended for use in gaseous environ-ments such as underground coal mines or other locations in whichexplosive gases can occur. Nor is it intended for use where dustexplosions can occur.

The NONEL system is approved for use with the products de-scribed in this booklet only. Since the use of NONEL productstogether with other shock tube initiation systems has not beentested and approved, it cannot be recommended and does not comewith any guarantees in respect of function.

Recommended temperature

range in which NONEL can be used- Surface: -35C to +50C- Inside drill hole: -25C to +70C

Recommended storage

temperature: below +50C

Maximum hydrostatic

pressure (water): 3 bar for 7 days

Tensile strength (tube): 25 kg at +20C for 2 minutes, which results inelongation to approx. 2.5 times original length

15 kg at +70C for 2 minutes, which results in

elongation to approx. 3 times original length

Elongation: After elongation to 3 times original length,detonation velocity remains within

specification, i.e. 2100 m/s 20%.

Tensile strength -

joint between

detonator and tube: 4 kg for 2 minutes (up to +50C)

NONEL detonators are vacuum-packed in aluminium-foil bags. They may be

stored for 2 years from the date of manufacture in an unbroken bag. Products

in broken bags should be used within 3 months.

NONEL products should be stored in a well ventilated explosive magazine.

Fact sheet for

NONEL system


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Assurance of product compliance with EC Directive 93/15/EEC

(Explosives for civil use)

Manufacturer: Dyno Nobel Europe, Gyttorp, S-713 82 Nora, SwedenTel: +46 587 85000 Fax: +46 587 25660Dyno Nobel Europe is a division of DYNO, Dyno Nobel.

Manufacturers representative within EU/EES

(with regard to verification of conformity with essential safety demands):Nitro Nobel AB, Gyttorp, S-713 82, Nora, SwedenTel: +46 587 85000 Fax: +46 587 25660

Product: Non-electric blast initiation system including non-electric detonators.

Trademark: NONELdetonators

EC Directive applicable to the product:

Explosives for civil use (93/15/EEC).

Standards or technical norms that apply:

Swedish Standard SS 499 07 07, edition 1, 1990: Initiation systems with non-electric signalconductors of low energy type - General requirements and testing.

SP Method 1939:28, edition 1, 1995: Type testing and testing of conformity to type of electricdetonators and initiation systems with non-electric signal conductors of low energy type - Marking.

SP Method 1939:29, edition 1, 1995: Type testing and testing of conformity to type ofelectric detonators and initiation systems with non-electric signal conductors of low energytype - Manufacturers product specification design basis information.

SP Method 1939:30, edition 1, 1995: Type testing and testing of conformity to type ofelectric detonators and initiation systems with non-electric signal conductors of low energytype - Manufacturers instructions for use.

EC type-examination certificate (ref. 158401)

issued by Notified Body (ID No. 0402) for explosives for civil use:

SP - Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Box 857, S-501 15 Bors, Sweden.Tel: +46 33 165000; Fax: +46 33 135502.

NONELdetonators comply in full with the product for which the EC type-examinationcertificate has been issued.

The manufacturers representative within EU/EES assures at its own risk that the product to which this assurancerefers complies with the essential safety demands in EC Directive 93/15/EEC.

However, since the product is not intended for use in dangerous environments (e.g. those in which explosive mine gasesoccur), it does not meet the essential safety demands specified in clause II.1.h, enclosure I, of EC Directive 93/15/EEC.

Nitro Nobel AB

(Legal entity)

NONEL GUIDE

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