Nondestructive Diagnostics of Battery Cells by MRI · Nondestructive Diagnostics of Battery Cells...
Transcript of Nondestructive Diagnostics of Battery Cells by MRI · Nondestructive Diagnostics of Battery Cells...
Nondestructive Diagnostics of Battery Cells by MRI
Alexej Jerschow [email protected]
predict failures, lifetimes
early non-destructively
quickly
Can we detect dendrites, soft shorts, electrolyte distribution, uneven
SOC, metal particles …?
MRI
In-situ (operando) NMR/MRI
Commercial-type cell analysis • SOC • SOH • Current distribution
Li-dendrite visualization • 7Li MRI / CSI • 1H MRI
Supercapacitors • 1H / 11B MRI
15 -15-5510 0 -10
Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
-2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
Voltage (V)
Curre
nt (m
A)
“In real life”
NMR
B0
Chemical shift: varying electron density small changes in frequency
ω = γ B0
NMRandMRIB0
ω +
+ G*z
ω, z
�
ω = γB0
NMRaccessiblenuclei1H
7Li 6Li
11B
Li plating / Li dendrites
Positive electrode Negative electrode (Lithium) In situ TEM of Lead dendrite
Orsini et al, J Pow Src 76, 1998, 19
charging
Hee Jung Chang
e-
Lithium MRI of Batteries
Chandrashekar et al. Nat. Mater., 11, 2012, 311
before charging after charging
x y x
y
Li-dendritesonelectrode
Bhatacharya et al, Nat. Mat. 9, 2010, 504
Orsini et al, J Pow Src 76, 1998, 19
270
260
280 Ch
emic
al s
hift
(ppm
)
1 0 -1 -2 0 2
270
260
280 Ch
emic
al s
hift
(ppm
)
-2 0 2 1 0 -1 y (mm) 1 0 -1 -2 0 2
Li metal
0.3 mm
15 mm
2 mm
B0
7Li CSI of Li-ion batt.
before
after
Chandrashekar et al. Nat Mater, 11, 2012, 311
Superresolution Information: Chemical and Susceptibility shifts
B0
HJ Chang et al., J Phys Chem C, 119 (2015) 16443
Studying dendrite growth models
H.J. Chang et al, JACS 2015, 137, 15209
Indirect MRI of dendrite growth
1H 3D FLASH ‘negative’ image
Ilott et al., PNAS, 2016, 113, 10779-84
~20-fold amplification from field distortions!
Ilott et al., PNAS, 2016, 113, 10779-84
Does not depend on electrode material
Supercapacitors
1H CSI
- - - -
+ + + +
+ + + +
- - - -
Ilott et al., Nat. Comm., 5, 2014, 4536
“In real life”
RF penetration into metal: skin effect
δ = 1πµrµ0σ f skin depth Ilott et al., JMR, 245, 2014, 143-149
Inside-out MRI
Ilott, et al, Nat Comm 9:1776, 2018
B0
B0
Magnetic Susceptibility
B0
By Andy Ilott
Magnetic Susceptibility effects
Magnetic field maps during discharge
Ilott, et al, Nat Comm 9:1776, 2018
State of Charge from Susceptibility
NMC
LCO
Ilott, et al, Nat Comm 9:1776, 2018
Susceptibility Inversion
Ilott, et al, Nat Comm 9:1776, 2018
Samsung battery defects Jan 2017 press release
Battery Prototyping Center Make cells with defects
Defective cells
Ilott, et al, Nat Comm 9:1776, 2018
Current Distribution
Yazdanpour, JECS, 161, 2014, A1953
Current distributions charging charging; short discharging; short
Current distributions with MRI
discharge charge
Current distributions with MRI
discharge charge
Battery Fingerprint Technologies Battery
Diagnostics
In-situ (operando) NMR/MRI
Commercial-type cell analysis • SOC • SOH • Current distribution
Li-dendrite visualization • 7Li MRI / CSI • 1H MRI
Supercapacitors • 1H / 11B MRI
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
15 -15-5510 0 -10Chemical Shift (ppm)
PositiveElectrode
Position
NegativeElectrode
-2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
Voltage (V)
Curre
nt (m
A)
“In real life” Inside-out MRI
Relevant Publications • S.Chandrashekar,N.M.Trease,H.J.Chang,L.-S.Du,C.P.Grey,A.Jerschow,7LiMRIofLiba,eriesrevealsloca3onof
microstructurallithium,NatureMater.,11,311-315,2012,hHp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nmat3246.
• A.J.IloH,S.Chandrashekar,A.Klöckner,H.J.Chang,N.M.Trease,C.P.Grey,L.Greengard,A.Jerschow,VisualizingskineffectsinconductorswithMRI:7LiMRIexperimentsandcalcula3ons,J.Magn.Reson,245,2014,143-149,hHp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2014.06.013.
• A.J.IloH,N.M.Trease,C.P.Grey,A.Jerschow,Mul3nuclearinsitumagne3cresonanceimagingofelectrochemicaldouble-layercapacitors,Nat.Comm.5,2014,4536,hHp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5536.
• H.J.Chang,N.M.Trease,A.J.IloH,D.Zeng,L.-S.Du,A.Jerschow,C.P.Grey,Inves3ga3ngLiMicrostructureForma3ononLiAnodesforLithiumBa,eriesbyInSitu6Li/7LiNMRandSEM,J.Phys.Chem.C,2015,119,16443–16451,hHp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03396.
• H.J.Chang,A.J.IloH,N.M.Trease,M.Mohammadi,A.Jerschow,C.P.Grey,Correla3ngMicrostructuralLithiumMetalGrowthwithElectrolyteSaltDeple3oninLithiumBa,eriesusing7LiMRI,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2015,137,15209–15216,hHp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b09385.
• A.J.IloH,H.-J.Chang,C.P.Grey,A.Jerschow,Real3me3Dimagingofmicrostructuregrowthinba,erycellsusingindirectMRI,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2016,113,10779-84,hHp://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/09/06/1607903113.abstract.
• A.J.IloHandA.Jerschow,Super-resolu3onSurfaceMicroscopyofConductorsusingMagne3cResonance,SciRep.2017,7,5425,hHp://rdcu.be/ubQl,hHps://www.nature.com/ar]cles/s41598-017-05429-3
• A.J.IloH,M.Mohammadi,C.M.Schauerman,M.J.Ganter,A.Jerschow,Rechargeablelithium-ioncellstateofchargeanddefectdetec]onbyin-situinside-outmagne]cresonanceimaging,NatComm9:1776,2018,hHp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04192-x
Acknowledgements NYU • Andy Ilott • Mohaddese Mohammadi • S. C. Shekar • Emilia Silletta
RIT Battery Prototyping • Christopher Schauerman • Matthew Ganter