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Defining and Non-defining

Adefining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about:

I like the woman who lives next door.

(IfI dont say who lives next door, then

we dont know which woman I mean)

Anon-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. We

dont need this information to understand the sentence.

I live in London, which has some fantastic

parks.(Everybody knows where London is,

which has some fantastic parks is

extra information)

*In non-defining relative clauses,

we can neverdrop the relative pronoun, even if the relative pronoun is the object of theclause. Besides,we cannot use that in non-defining clauses.

My boss,who is very nice, lives in Manchester.

Last week I bought a new computer,which I don't like now!

you cannot drop them!!!!!!

Last week I bought a new computer, that I don't like now! FALSE!!!!

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Prepositions and relative clauses

If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we commonly put it at the end ofthe clause:

For example:

listen to

The music is good. Julie listens to the music.

The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good.

work with

My brother met a woman. I used to work with the woman.

My brother met a woman (who /whom/ that) I used to workwith.

go to

The country is very hot. He went to the country.

The country(which / that) he went to is very hot.

come from

I visited the city. John comes from the city.

I visited the city(that / which) John comes from.

apply for

The job is well paid. She applied for the job. The job (which / that) she applied for is well paid.

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Where / when / why

We can sometimes use these question words instead of relative pronouns and

prepositions.

I live in the citywhere I study.

I live in the city that / which I studyin.

I live in the city in which I study.

The bar in Barcelonawhere I met my wife is still there.

The bar in Barcelona that / which I met my wife in is still there.

The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there.

The summerwhen I graduated from university was long and hot.

The summer that / which I graduated from universityin was long and hot.

The summer in which I graduated was long and hot.

USING "WHICH/A FACT WHICH"TO MODIFY A WHOLE SENTENCE

Bazen bir relative clause tek bir szc deil de btn bir cmleyitanmlayabilir. Bu

durumda relative szc olarak sadece which ya da a fact whichkullanlr. Relative clause temel cmlenin sonuna eklenir ve bir virgllecmleden ayrlr.

* She got a rather low grade on the test. That surprised me.

She got a rather low grade on the test, which surprised me.

(Testten ok dk bir not ald ki bu da beni artt.)

* It's impossible for us to catch the train. This is too bad.

It's impossible for us to catch the train, which is too bad.

(Treneyetimemiz imkansz ki bu da ok kt)

* He helped me. That was kind of him.He helped me, which was kind of him.

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