Noncommunicable Diseases In this chapter, you will Learn AboutWhat allergies and asthma are and how theyre treated.What cancer is and how its treated.Different types of heart disease and how theyre treated.What diabetes and arthritis are and how theyre treated.

Understanding Allergies and AsthmaIn this lesson, you will Learn AboutTypes of noncommunicable diseases.What allergies are and how theyre treated.What asthma is and how its treated.

Understanding Allergies and AsthmaThe Vocabulary terms in this lesson are:Noncommunicable disease.Chronic.Allergy.Allergens.Pollen.Histamines.Antihistamine.Asthma.Bronchodilators.

Noncommunicable Disease

A noncommunicable disease is a disease that cannot be spread from person to person.

Noncommunicable diseases are often caused by changes within the body and can be chronic.

Types of Noncommunicable Diseases

Types of Noncommunicable Diseases (contd.)

AllergiesAn allergy is an extreme sensitivity to a substance.

In a person who has allergies, the immune system is overly sensitive to certain substances that are normally harmless. These substances are called allergens.

The immune systems response to these substances triggers an allergic reaction.One of the most common allergens is pollen.

Common AllergensInsect bites or stingsPollenPlants, such as poison oak andpoison ivyHousehold dustFoodsPets

Allergic ReactionsWhen a person who has an allergy breathes in, touches, or swallows an allergen, the allergen locks onto the bodys lymphocytes.

These cells then release histamines, the chemicals that cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Allergic reactions may involve the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, and the respiratory and digestive systems.

Treating AllergiesOnce the specific allergen is known, the person who has the allergy can use one of the following methods to cope with it:

Avoid the allergen: If you are allergic to a certain food, for example, you can avoid eating it to prevent a reaction.Take medication: If you cannot avoid the allergen, antihistamines may relieve symptoms.Get injections: A person who has severe allergies can undergo a long-term series of injections. Each injection contains a tiny amount of the allergen to help a person overcome his or her sensitivity.

AsthmaAsthma is a chronic respiratory disease that causes air passages to become narrow or blocked, making breathing difficult.

Many of the same substances that cause allergies also cause asthma. These substances and certain conditions or situations are called asthma triggers.

Asthma (contd.)Common asthma triggers:

Certain allergens, such as pollen, dust, pets, and moldStrenuous physical activity, especially in cold weatherInfections of the respiratory system, such as colds and fluIrritants such as cigarette smoke and air pollution and fumes from paint, gasoline, and other toxic substancesSituations in which the persons breathing rate increases, such as stressful events and vigorous laughing or cryingWeather and climate changes and cold air

Effects of an Asthma Attack

Normal airwaySwollen airway and contracted muscleMucusNarrowed airwayDuring normal breathing, the lungs airways are wide open. Air passes freely in and out through these tubes.During an asthma attack, the lining of the airways becomes swollen, and the muscles around the tubes tighten. Extra mucus is produced, further clogging the airways.

Managing AsthmaThe following strategies can help people with asthma feel better and avoid asthma attacks:

Monitor the condition.Manage the environment. Manage stress.Take medication such as bronchodilators.

Reviewing Terms and FactsDefine the terms allergy and allergen.An allergy is an extreme sensitivity to a substance. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction.

Reviewing Terms and FactsName four common allergens.PollenFoodsPetsHousehold dustPlants, such as poison oak and poison ivyInsect bites or stings

Thinking CriticallyIn what ways is asthma different from a cold?

Vocabulary Review

A noncommunicable disease is a disease that cannot be spread from person to person.

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Chronic means present continuously or on and off over a long period of time.

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An allergy is an extreme sensitivity to a substance.

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Allergens are the substances that cause an allergic reaction.

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Pollen is a powdery substance released by the flowers of certain plants.

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Histamines are the chemicals in the body that cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

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Antihistamines are medications that relieve the symptoms of allergic reactions by suppressing the production of histamines.

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that causes air passages to become narrow or blocked, making breathing difficult.

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Bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the bronchial air passages.

Fold a sheet of paper in half along the short axis, then fold in half again. This forms four columns.

Open the paper and refold it into thirds along the long axis. This forms three rows.

Unfold and draw lines along the folds.

Label the chart as shown.

Write down information on the causes, effects, and treatments of allergies and asthma in the appropriate section of the chart.

Evaluate your behaviors and choices for lifelong health by taking the Health Inventory for Chapter 13 athttp://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe65.php?qi=1506

Introduce the chapter objectives to students. Each objective represents a lesson within the chapter.

Clicking the Health Online icon on the left bar takes you to the URL of Glencoes health Web page. The Web page features a Health Inventory to help students evaluate their behaviors and choices for lifelong health.

Clicking the Foldables icon on the left bar leads to an activity. In this activity, students will create a Foldable to record what they learn about the causes, effects, and treatments of allergies and asthma. Click each term to display its definition.Examples of noncommunicable diseases are asthma, cancer, and heart disease.

Noncommunicable diseases can be organized into several different categories, based on their causes. However, most noncommunicable diseases have multiple causes.

Click to show other categories of noncommunicable diseases. Pollen is a powdery substance released by the flowers of certain plants. Trees, grasses, and weeds all release pollen into the air.

In the United States, more than 50 million people have allergies. Visit the following link to provide students with more information about allergies and asthma: http://www.glencoe.com/sec/health/cgi-bin/splitwindow.cgi?top=top.html&link=http://www.niehs.nih.gov/kids/asthma.htmClick to display the common allergens.

Allergens can be found both indoors and outdoors and in any season.

Allergies can have following reactions on different parts of the body:

Eyes. Allergies can make the eyes red, watery, and itchy.Nose. Common allergy symptoms include a runny nose and sneezing.Throat. Some food allergies can make swallowing difficult. In extreme reactions, the throat can swell and close up.Skin. An allergic reaction can cause the skin to break out in a rash. It can also cause hives, which are raised, itchy areas.Respiratory system. Allergies can cause coughing and difficulty breathing.Digestive system. An allergic reaction to food may cause stomach pain, cramps, and diarrhea.

Sometimes it is easy to find the substances to which a person is allergic. For example, if a person touches poison oak or ivy, he or she may develop a rash.

Sometimes the source of an allergic reaction is not so obvious. In these cases, a doctor can perform tests to find out the cause.

An important part of avoiding allergens is to check labels carefully to determine whether a product contains the allergen. However, some allergens, such as dust and pollen, are more difficult to avoid.The number of people with asthma, especially children, has risen in the last 20 years. Nearly 5 million Americans under the age of 18 have asthma.

The symptoms of an asthma attack may include wheezing, shortness of breath, a feeling of gagging or choking, and tightness in the chest.

Click the slide to show how the changes caused by an asthma attack make airways narrow so that breathing becomes more difficult.

With the help of parents or guardians and a doctor or other health care provider, a person with asthma can develop a plan that will keep the condition under control.Strategies to help people with asthma manage the condition and avoid attacks include the following:Monitor the condition. Because asthma is a chronic disease, people who have it need to be aware of their condition. Many doctors suggest using an instrument called a peak flow meter to monitor lung capacity regularly. By blowing into the peak flow meter when the asthma is under control, the person can determine her or his optimal peak flow number. By comparing future readings with the optimal peak flow number, the person will know when her or his airways are narrowingeven before symptoms start. In addition, people who have asthma can learn to recognize the warning signs of a severe attack.Manage the environment. Eliminating asthma triggers from the environment can reduce the risk of flare-ups. Floors, rugs, and carpeting should be vacuumed regularly. Bedding should be washed frequently.Manage stress. It is important for people who have asthma to manage their stress levels. Relaxation practices and special breathing techniques may also be helpful.Take medication. Two main types of medications are used to treat asthma. These include controller medications and reliever medications.Click to show the correct answer.Click to show the correct answer. Answers may include any four from the list.Sample answer: A cold is a communicable disease, whereas asthma is a noncommunicable disease. A cold leads to a stuffy and runny nose, a sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that causes air passages to become narrow or blocked, making breathing difficult.Accept all reasonable responses.

Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Demonstrate the activity and have students follow the steps after you. Click to view the next steps in creating the Foldable.Demonstrate the activity and have students follow the steps after you. Click to view the next step in creating the Foldable.Click to return to the Chapter Overview slide.Students can visit http://health.glencoe.com/ to take the Health Inventory and more. Click to return to the Chapter Overview slide.