Nonverbal Communication

“Oral and non oral messages expressed by other than linguistic means.”

Messages transmitted by vocal means that do not involve language.

Nonverbal Communication

Verbal and nonverbal are interconnected and operate together in communication.

Difference between verbal and non-verbal

Non-verbal communication

65% of all communication is nonverbal.

It is powerful

Used to repeat the verbal message (e.g. point in a direction while stating directions

Often complement the verbal message but also may contradict.  E.g.: a nod reinforces a positive message (among Americans); a “wink” may contradict a stated positive message.

Note the implications of the proverb: “Action speaks louder than words.”  In essence, this underscores the importance of non-verbal communication.

Importance

How many characteristics of nonverbal communication are there ?

Vyf Cinque Penki One more try ? خمسة

Nonverbal communication may be intentional or unintentional, since often when people communicate nonverbally, they are unaware of it.

SO DON’T GIVE ME THOSE EXPRESSIONS THAT THIS IS JUST ANOTHER PRESENTATIONTHAT YOU UNKNOWINGLY ARE.

Nonverbal communication is primary, because it takes precedence over verbal communication.

YOUR GESTURES SAY ALMOST EVERYTHING EVEN BEFORE THE FIRST WORD COMES OUT OF YOUR MOUTH

Nonverbal communication is often ambiguous, since a nonverbal behavior may have different meanings depending on the user’s personality, family influences, and culture.

ANALYSE THE PARTY YOU ARE TALKING TO.

Nonverbal communication is continuous, because one is constantly communicating through nonverbal behaviors.

AND EVEN WHEN YOU STOP

BEFORE YOU START

TALKING

Nonverbal communication is multichannel, since we use a variety of cues to make an interpretation

SEE MY GESTURE AND GUESS WHAT’S NEXT.

ROLES AND EFFECTS OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Roles of Non Verbal Communication Repetition – They can reinforce what is

already being said. They can repeat the message the person is making verbally.

Contradiction – They can contradict the message and make the speaker seem untruthful

Substitution – They can take the place of words. They can substitute for a verbal message. For example, a person's eyes can often convey a far more vivid message than words do.

Complementing – They can compliment a verbal message. A boss who pats a person on the back in addition to giving praise can increase the impact of the message.

Accenting – They can underline a certain point in the message. Pounding the table, for example, can underline a message.

Effects of Non verbal Communication Workplace Relationships Having a conscious awareness of your nonverbal

communication when you are also communicating verbal messages allows others to receive the message the way you intended to deliver your message. Positive nonverbal communication helps colleagues in the workplace build positive business relationships, whereas negative nonverbal communication can cause conflicts and other negative disturbances in the workplace. Many people build positive business relationships by consistently delivering positive nonverbal communication to others.

Workplace Performance Effective communication is important to managers in business

organizations because their communication with employees affects how employees perform their duties. Managers may provide information to employees in regards to various job-related matters, such as employee policies, job performance objectives, work schedules and deadlines. Employees must make adjustments to any changes communicated by managers in regards to workplace matters. The manager’s attitude, which is mostly communicated by nonverbal messages, can produce either positive or negative attitudes by the employees; this can affect their attitude and emotions when performing job duties and either raise or lower employee morale. In other words, communicating positive nonverbal cues when speaking with employees can increase employee morale and job performances.

Workplace Relationships Having a conscious awareness of your nonverbal

communication when you are also communicating verbal messages allows others to receive the message the way you intended to deliver your message. Positive nonverbal communication helps colleagues in the workplace build positive business relationships, whereas negative nonverbal communication can cause conflicts and other negative disturbances in the workplace. Many people build positive business relationships by consistently delivering positive nonverbal communication to others.

Workplace Performance Effective communication is important to managers

in business organizations because their communication with employees affects how employees perform their duties. Managers may provide information to employees in regards to various job-related matters, such as employee policies, job performance objectives, work schedules and deadlines. The manager’s attitude, which is mostly communicated by nonverbal messages, can produce either positive or negative attitudes by the employees; this can affect their attitude and emotions when performing job duties and either raise or lower employee morale.

Intercultural Friction Cultural differences can cause nonverbal signals

to create friction. Nonverbal signals mean different things to people from different cultures. The use of multiple nonverbal cues displayed with each message can create confusion, and factors of gender, personality, socioeconomic status and situation can cause the meaning behind the nonverbal signals to vary greatly. Nonverbal communication can be powerful, but when used among non-homogeneous groups the effects can cause confusion and miscommunication.

Effects on Relationships Nonverbal cues impact the quality of your

relationships and, when used correctly, can improve your relationships. Nonverbal signals can help you gain an accurate reading of others' unspoken feelings and underlying messages, create feelings of trust through the transparency they create and demonstrate understanding and interest. If used correctly, nonverbal communication can improve relationships with others, but if it's poorly used, your relationships may suffer through a loss of connections and trust.

FORMS OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Kinesics• The word

kinesics comes from the root word kinesis, which means “movement,”.

• It refers to the study of hand, arm, body, and face movements.

Components of Kinesics

1) FACIAL EXPRESSIONS• They refer to the use of the forehead, brow, and

facial muscles around the nose and mouth to convey meaning.

• They can convey happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and other emotions.

2) GESTURES

There are three main types of gestures: adaptors, emblems, and illustrators.

• Adaptors: satisfy some physical need such as scratching, or represent a psychological need such as biting fingernails when nervous.

• Emblems: Gestures that serve the same function as a word are called emblems. • Illustrators: Gestures which

accompany words to illustrate a verbal message are known as illustrators.

3) EYE CONTACT

• It specifically refers to eye contact with another person’s face, head, and eyes and the patterns of looking away and back at the other person during interaction.

• Eye contact provides turn-taking signals, can be used to give feedback, signals when we are engaged in cognitive activity, and helps establish rapport and connection, among other things.

4) HEAD MOVEMENTS AND POSTURE

• Head movements and posture include the orientation of movements of our head and the orientation and positioning of our body and the various meanings they send.

• Head movements such as nodding can indicate agreement, disagreement, and interest, among other things.

• Posture can indicate assertiveness, defensiveness, interest, readiness, or intimidation, among other things.

• Haptics refers to touch behaviours that convey meaning during interactions.

• Touch operates at many levels, including functional-professional, social-polite, friendship-warmth, and love-intimacy.

Haptics

Paralanguage• It refers to the vocalized but not verbal aspects of

nonverbal communication. It includes the manner in which you say something rather than what you say.

• It includes-1. Rate- speed at which you speak2. Volume- loudness or quietness of voice3. Pitch- the highness or lowness of vocal

tone

• These qualities reinforce the meaning of verbal communication, allow us to emphasize particular parts of a message, or can contradict verbal messages.

Proxemics• Proxemics refers to the use of space and

distance within communication. • US Americans, in general, have four zones that

constitute our personal space:

TimeTime can be classified into several different categories, including biological, personal, physical, and cultural time.

• Biological time (the rhythms of living things)• Personal time (the ways in which individuals

experience time)• Physical time (the fixed cycles of days, years, and

seasons)• Cultural time (how a large group of people view

time)1. Polychronic people do not view time as a

linear progression that needs to be divided into small units and scheduled in advance.

2. Monochronic people tend to schedule their time more rigidly and do one thing at a time.

• It refers to how the objects we adorn ourselves and our surroundings with, referred to as artifacts, provide nonverbal cues that others make meaning from.

• Personal presentation involves two components: our physical characteristics and the artifacts with which we adorn and surround ourselves.

Personal Appearance and Environment

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION:CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

How do you greet when you are from

INDIA PAKISTAN USA

How do you greet when you are from

ARGENTINA CHINA

INTRODUCTION

Nonverbal cues are critical in the workplace. These cues can tell you whether your staff understands your instructions, whether your customer is interested in buying, and much more.

The nonverbal language we learned while growing up seems natural. And while some facial expressions, such as fear or disgust, are universal biological reactions, most other nonverbal cues are learned behaviour with no universal interpretation.

DID YOU KNOW?NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION ALSO

DIFFER IN REGIONS OF THE SAME COUNTRY.

PERSONAL SPACE

GENDERTwo women will naturally stand closer to each

other than two men.

Personal space is the distance two people keep between themselves in order to feel comfortable.

STATUSA person of

higher status is normally

instinctively granted more

space.

INTIMACY Two friends will stand closer to

each other than two business associates.

AVAILAIBLE SPACEOne from India/NYC

will be accustomed to a smaller circle of

personal space than one living in Mongolia

or Montana

EYE CONTACTThe duration and frequency of eye contact communicates a great deal—honesty, respect, shame, interest—but the rules governing eye contact and what it means differ widely among cultures.

LATINOSIt is respectful to avoid direct eye

contact with authority figures.

MUSLIMSDirect eye contact between

members of the opposite sex is considered bold and flirtatious.

ARABSHave greater eye contact than Americans among members

of the same gender.ASIANS

Direct eye contact is very brief, with the gaze then sliding away to the side, especially with superiors or

members of the opposite sex

AMERICANS/BRITONSThe members have the most brief

eye contact in the world.

SPEAKING VOLUMEThe volume at which we speak says nearly as much as the words themselves, communicating shyness, uncertainty, anger, enthusiasm, and more by the degree to which it varies from a baseline. But normal baseline volumes also vary among cultures and among individuals.

Baseline speaking volume is generally lower among Asians

and Western Europeans.

American tourists in these parts of the

world are often seen as rude and thoughtless

White Americans interpret raised

voices as signs of anger or hostility whereas for non-

white Americans & other ethnic groups,

simply a sign of exciting conversation

In some African cultures, whispering

is a signal of witchcraft, plotting, or

malicious gossip. Good manners

dictate speaking Loudly enough.

TOUCH Compared to other cultures, Americans rarely touch each other, limiting

themselves to handshakes and occasional pats on the shoulder or arm in business relationships, or hugs in closer friendships.

Latin Americans and Middle Easterners touch with much greater frequency. In these cultures, it is not uncommon for two men to hold

hands, signifying nothing more than friendship.

Certain other groups, such as the Japanese, touch less than Americans and may be uncomfortable being touched in a casual relationship.

People from cultures with conservative customs regulating inter-gender relationships may be extremely uncomfortable being touched by someone of the opposite sex.

Touching someone on the head is offensive to most Asians.

MISCELLANEOUS

SMILINGASIANS>AMERICAN

S>EUROPEANS

HEAD NODCan be a YESCan be just a

Greeting.

TIMEFor Americans, respect

is conveyed through punctuality. In

Latin/Middle Eastern nations, respect is

gained by continuation of meetings till a

conclusion is reached.

FACIAL CONTROLResearchers have

shown that Japanese/Korean have

a great control over their facial expressions while Americans have

little.

Other cultures are NOT failed attempts at being

you: they are unique manifestations of the

human spirit.

IMPROVING NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Pay Attention to Nonverbal

Signals

Look for Incongruent Behaviours

Concentrate on Tone of

Voice When Speaking

Use Good Eye Contact

Use Signals to Make

Communication More Effective

THANK YOU