NON-METALS

METALS AND

Elements can be classified as :METALS NON METALS on the basis of their properties…

INTRODUCTI

ON

METALS

A metal is a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals. In chemistry, a metal is an element, compound, or alloy characterized by high electrical conductivity. In a metal, atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Those ions are surrounded by delocalized electrons, which are responsible for the conductivity. The solid thus produced is held by electrostatic interactions between the ions and the electron cloud, which are called metallic bonds.

PROPERTIES OF METALS

MALLEABILITY-metals can be hammered into sheets.

DUCTILITY -metals can be drawn into wires.LUSTRE -metals can reflect light.HIGH DENSITY -most metals have high density

except for lithium.HIGH MELTING AND BOILING POINT -most

metals have highmelting and boiling points. GOOD CONDUCTORS -metals are good conductors

of heat and electricity because of free electrons.

This property of metals enables it to change its form through compression without cracking or breaking that is, a metal can be made into sheets..

A solid gold

sheet can be

made into an

ornament..

MALLEABILITY

It refers to a material's ability to deform under

tensile stress; this is often characterized by the

material's ability to be stretched into a wire..

Coil of silver wire

DUCTILIT

Y

Metallic lustre refers to the shiny coating or covering possessed by various metals. It means that the metal and its surface have light-reflective qualities..

silver cup

LUSTRE

DENSITY

The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The density of metals is very high exept for lithium…

Lithium (low

density)

Iridium (high density)

CONDUCTIVITY

Conductivity of metal is the ability or power to conduct or transmit heat, electricity, or sound..

Silver (highly

conductive)

Titanium (lowly

conductive)

HIGH MELTING AND BOILING POINT

Most metals have high melting and boiling points because in metals there is a very strong intermolecular force of attraction and it needs a lot of energy to melt or to boil…

Rhenium (high

MP)

Tungsten (high BP)

NON- METALS

A chemical element that is not a metal , for example ; carbon or oxygen . Non-metals are solids and gases and are not good conductors of heat and electricity.. Chemical elements that form negative ions, have acidic oxides, and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity are called non metals..

PROPERTIES OF NON -METALS

SOFT IN NATURE- Non metals like phosphorous and sulphur are generally soft..

NON-LUSTROUS - most non metals do not reflect light.

LOW MELTING AND BOILING POINT- nonmetals have low melting and boiling points..

BAD CONDUCTIVITY - most metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity..

Most metals are soft and can be cut with a knife (solids like sodium)or disturbed(liquids like water)

Phosphorus

SOFT IN

NATURE

NON-LUSTROUS

Nonmetals are dull because they do not reflect light…

Rubidium

LOW MELTING AND BOILING POINT

Most nonmetals have low boiling and melting points…

Calcium has a

low melting

point(393k)

BAD CONDUCTIVITY Nonmetals are usually bad conductors of

heat and electricity…

Boron

CONCLUSIONMetals are good conductors of heat and electricity while Non metals are

not..mercury is the only metal that does ‘nt conduct electricity and graphite

is the only non metal which conduct electricity..

Metals have the valance electrons of either 1,2 or3,while Non metals have

more than 3..

(just take an example of sodium, magnesium and aluminium .

sodium-2,8,1.magnesium-2,8,2.aluminium-2,8,3…

but if we consider carbon , carbon has 2,8,4.here the valance electron in

metals we saw that are 1,2 or 3.while in carbon which is a non-metal has the

4 electrons in its outermost shell.)..

Metals always form ionic bond by losing its electrons and completing its

octet , while Non-metals form bond by covalent bond by sharing its electrons

to complete its octet.