Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography in Endocrinology
Non-interceptive profile measurements via light-emission based tomography technique
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Transcript of Non-interceptive profile measurements via light-emission based tomography technique
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Non-interceptive profile measurements via light-emission based tomography techniqueDITANET International Conference: Accelerator Diagnostic TechniquesCherry May Mateo- DITANET, CEA Saclay
Co-authors: G. Adroit, R. Gobin, Y. Sauce, F. Senée, O. Tuske
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Motivation
Increased demand It must not perturb the beam
It must not be destroyed by high current beam (kilowatt beam power)
Optical Profilers Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF)
Monitor at GSI*
Beam Ionization Optical profile monitors
Non-destructive diagnostics
*F. Becker et al., Beam Induced Fluorescence Monitor for Transverse Profile Determination of 5 to 750 MeV/u Heavy Ion Beams, Proceedings of DIPAC 2007, Venice, Italy
Schematic of BIF at GSI*
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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Beam direction
rr
Optical beam profile
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Optical Profiler in IPN/CEA
*P. Ausset, et. al., Transverse Beam Profile Measurements for High Power Proton Beams, Proceedings of EPAC 2001, Paris, France
Beam profiles of proton beam
Profiles obtained with different gases but with constant gas pressure.
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Intensité faisceau (mA)Fl
uore
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.a.)
656.2 nm
486.1 nm434 nm
410.1 nm
Ha
Hb
Hg
Hd
0lum beamI I n
*Pottin, B, (2001) Etude d’un profileur optique de faisceaux intenses de protons par absorption laser, Doctor of Science thesis. Institut de Physique Nucléaire
Intensified CCD camera was used to capture beam image
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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TomographyTomography is the method used to reconstruct a 2D cross sectional image of an object given multiple flat scans taken from multiple angles around an object
Measurable
Solvable
x
y
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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How?Algebraic Reconstruction Technique for 2 Projections
f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9
g 1=
f 1 +
f 4 +
f 7
g 2=
f 2 +
f 5 +
f 8
g 3=
f 3 +
f 6 +
f 9
g4= f7 + f8 + f9
g5= f4 + f5 + f6
g6= f1 + f2 + f3
g A f
Projections Sparse Matrix Image
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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How?Interested in finding a vector solution f to the vector equation:
unknown slice vectorSparse matrix or forward projection matrix
Projection data vector
Iterative Procedure
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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Initial Tests of the Algorithm
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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Initial Test 0˚ 30˚ 60˚
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Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
laserL1
L2
Rotatable mask
Gas- filled chamber
CCD camera
Reconstructed spatial distribution
G.E. Belyaev, I.V. Roudskoy, D. Gardes, P. Ausseth and A. Olivier, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A 578, p. 47-54 (2007).
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Numerical Test
TEST IMAGE0˚ 30˚ 60˚
90˚ 120˚ 150˚
I HAVE
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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Dependence on number of Iterations
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It .2 It.3 It.6 It.8
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Original Projections Reconstructed Projections
Projections measured at 90°
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Numerical TestThe reconstructed image after 15 iterations
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y -profile x -profile0 50 100
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Original image
Comparison with the source image
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Reconstructed image
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Experimental MeasurementsWith Ion Beams
?Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville,
Spain
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Vacuum Chamber specially designed for Measurements
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Doppler shift effect spectroscopy
Spatial density reconstruction
90°
30°
Ion Beam
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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Imaging and Detection
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• Stingray F146B
• Fujinon HF25HA-1B objective
Labview
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Measurements in BETSI test bench
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Banc d’Etude et de Tests des Sources d’Ions
ECR sourceH2 dominated residual gasLow Intensity beams : 2mA H+ current at the beam stop
For valid
ation
ECR SOURCE Focusing solenoid
Analyzing Magnet
Tomographic chamber after the Magnet
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Measurements in BETSI
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Bizarre ̎BANANA ̎ shape beam !NEED MORE VALIDATION
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Measurements in SILHI
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High Intensity Light Ion Source
ECRIS: 2.45 GHz - 875 Gauss. CW or pulsed mode. up to 130 mA at 95 kV kilowatt of beam power
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Measurements in SILHI
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Sole
noid
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noid
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Stee
rer
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rer
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Tomography chamber
Ion
Sour
ce
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Measurements VS Sol 2 current
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138A 142A 143A 147A 153A 159A
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projection intensity
Beam dump intensity
ISolenoid-2 (A)I b
eam
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p
(mA)
I Rec
onst
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proj
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Same Linear dependence
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Measurements VS Sol 2 current
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138141143147153159
BUTBeam Shape Beam position have changed !
Non linearity of the solenoid for such beam size
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Measurements VS Steerer current
Reconstructed image w ith correction
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Varying the steerer values
DH1 +0,2DV1 -0,7DH2 +0,5DV2 -0,5
DH1 0DV1 -0,2DH2 -0,9DV2 -0,3
Position has changed Intensity remains constant BUTBeam shape has changed !
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Copper « Profiler »
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Water cooled copper block
Manual translator
Camera 1
Beam
Camera 1 for the copper « profiler » mounted on the 30° viewportBEAM SPOT
Camera 2 on the five 90°-viewport for tomographic reconstruction
Measurement region with camera 2
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Camera 1BEAM SPOT
Copper block inside
the chamber
BEAM
Camera 2TOMOGRAPH
Y on VP1 VP1VP2
VP3
VP4
VP5
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Copper « Profiler »
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Reconstructed Measured
BEAM
Comparison between the beam spot and the reconstructed image shape is very much
comparable even with 5 projections
CAMERA1
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Summary• It was demonstrated that tomography technique
can reconstruct the spatial density of the beam both for low and high intensity beams.▫6 viewports seemed to be enough to
reconstruct smooth beams.• The algorithm written in MATLAB is very fast.
▫Future use of 6 simultaneous cameras is foreseen.
27Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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Acknowledgements•This work is supported by the DITANET Marie
Curie European network. •CEA Saclay
▫ Romuald Duperrier▫ Wilfrid Farabolini▫ Guillaume Ferrand▫ Alain France ▫ Francis Harrault
28Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain
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Thank you for your attention
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Backup Slides
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Numerical Illustration
with MATLAB
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Step 1 Image to Projections of the TEST IMAGE
0˚ 30˚ 60˚
90˚ 120˚ 150˚
TEST IMAGE
I HAVE
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Step 2Construction of the Projection vector ̎ g ̎
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6 projections101 x 101 image 606 x 10201 sparse matrix size
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Step 4
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Must solve for f
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Step 5, iteration 2f is reshaped to 101× 101 image matrix
Reconstructed image
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Reconstructed Image
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An Illustration
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An IllustrationThe reconstructed image after 15 iterations
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An Illustration
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Reconstructed images with respect number of iterations
Original Projections Reconstructed Projections
Projections measured at 90°
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Original image
An Illustration
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Cherry May Mateo/ High Intensity Beam Diagnostics Workshop/ 27.09.2011/Massy France
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Algebraic Reconstruction Technique for more than 2 projectionsSparse matrix for more projection angles not equal to 0˚ and 90 ˚
How?
C4
C1
C2
C3 More angles more
complicated sparse matrix
Number of rows
Number of columns
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Optical Profiler in IPN/CEA
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*P. Ausset, et. al., Transverse Beam Profile Measurements for High Power Proton Beams, Proceedings of EPAC 2001, Paris, France
DlH3+
DlH2+
DlH+
Faisceau d'hydrogène H+ H2
+ H3
+
Balmer H
656.2 nm
llD coscv
0
Doppler Shift Spectroscopy allows discrimination of different beam components
*Pottin, B, (2001) Etude d’un profileur optique de faisceaux intenses de protons par absorption laser, Doctor of Science thesis. Institut de Physique Nucléaire
H+
r
λ
H2+ Hα
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Tomography
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By Fourier Slice Theorem, EXACT value of f(x,y) can be calculated given an infinite number of projections
( ) ( ( , ), ( , ))
( cos sin , sin cos )
n n ng s f x s t y s t dt
f s t s t dt
g
2 2 ( cos sin )( , ) ( , )j t j x yg s e dt f x y e dxdy
g
Fourier Slice theorem:
θ
st
g(s,θ)
x
y
θ
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How?Iteration process
g Vector of projection dataf Vector of unknown slice dataA Matrix such that g = Afaij Value of element located at the ith
and jth column of matrix A
i Projection subscriptj Pixel subscriptgi Number of counts in the ith bin of the
projection datasetm Number of pixelsn Number of bins
1( ) ( )( )
k kk
Measured projectionsImage Image Normalized Backprojections of
Projections of image
1
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( )( )
( )' '
'
knk j i
ijj n m kiij ij j
i j
ff a
a a f
g
Cherry May Mateo/ DITANET International Conference/ 11.11.2011/Seville, Spain