Non-Communicable Diseases

Non-Communicable Diseases

Disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment

Cardiovascular Disease is one of the most common and preventable diseases

CancerUncontrollable growth of abnormal

cellsMore than 100 types

Occurs because of DNA damageA buildup can cause a tumor

Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body

Types of Tumors2 types: benign and malignant

Benign - grows slowly and is noncancerous but could interfere with normal body functions

Malignant - spreads to other tissues and is cancerous

Metastasis - spread of a cancer from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part

Types of CancerLymphomas – affect immune system

Leukemias – affect blood-forming organs

Carcinomas – affect glands and body linings including skin

Sarcomas – affect connective tissues

Common CancersWomen – 1. Breast2. Lung3. Colorectal4. Cancer of the

Uterus

Men – 5. Prostate6. Lung7. Colorectal

• Order for both men and women can change based upon race/ethnicity

General Signs and SymptomsUnexplained weight loss

10 or more pounds in a relatively short amount of timeFever

Usually occurs after the cancer has spread to other partsFatigue

Does not get better with restPain

Can be an early symptom with certain cancers or a later symptom with cancers that have spread

Skin changes Discoloration, rashes

Some cancers have more specific signs and symptomswww.cancer.org

Risk Factors for CancerExposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing

substance)Tobacco and UV light are most common

Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain at least 43 different carcinogens215,000 new cases of lung cancer related to

smoking are diagnosed each yearRadiation (UV light)

Skin that is tanned is your skin’s reaction to damage from the UV light

Risk Factors for CancerSTD’s

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer

Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer Dietary Factors

High fat, low fiber diets often linked with colon, breast, and prostate cancers

HeredityFamily history can determine if you are at a

higher risk

Treatments for CancerSurgery to remove cancerous massesRadiation therapy uses radioactive

substances to kill cancer cells and shrink cancerous masses

Chemotherapy uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells

Immunotherapy activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them

Hormone therapy uses medicines to interfere with the production of certain hormones that facilitate cancer growth.

DiabetesType 1 and Type 2A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert

sugar into energyInsulin producing cells in the Pancreas are either

inefficient or destroyedInsulin helps glucose enter body cells

Type 1 accounts for 5 – 10% of all diabetes casesBody fails to produce insulin and glucose builds up in the

bloodCells begin attacking and destroying cells in the pancreas

that produce insulinDaily doses of insulin are required through injections or

a specially attached pump

DiabetesType 2 accounts for 90-95% of all cases

Usually appears in adults over age 40 Disease is developing in younger adults, teens,

and childrenBody is unable to use insulin properly or is not

making enoughLow-fat, low-calorie foods rich in protein and

limited in carbohydrates and regular physical activity help manage diabetes

Risk Factors of Type 2 DiabetesHigh blood pressureHigh blood triglyceride (fat) levelsGestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby

weighing more than 9 poundsHigh-fat and carbohydrate dietHigh alcohol intake

Risk Factors of Type 2 DiabetesSedentary lifestyleObesity or being overweightEthnicity: Certain groups, such as African

Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Japanese Americans, have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than non-Hispanic whites.

Aging: Increasing age is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes begins to rise significantly at about age 45, and rises considerably after age 65.

Complications from DiabetesBlood-glucose levels that are elevated

(hyperglycemia) over a long period of time can lead to:Heart AttackStrokeBlindnessKidney FailureNerve Damage

HypoglycemiaSymptoms occur very quickly

Too low of a blood-glucose level

Shakiness Nervousness or anxiety Sweating, chills and

clamminess Lightheadedness or

dizziness Rapid/fast heartbeat Hunger and nausea Blurred/impaired vision Tingling or numbness in

the lips or tongue Weakness or fatigue Lack of coordination Unconsciousness

Irritability or impatience Confusion, including

delirium Headaches Anger, stubbornness, or

sadness Nightmares or crying

out during sleep Seizures Coma

Treatments for DiabetesLow-fat, low-calorie foods rich in protein and

limited in carbohydrates and regular physical activity help manage diabetes

Insulin injections help manage blood glucose levels

There is no cure but weight loss has shown to greatly manage symptoms