Non-Communicable Disease

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person.

They are of long duration and generally slow progression.

Chronic = long term

Definition

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill more than 36 million people each year.

Nearly 80% of NCD deaths - 29 million - occur in low- and middle-income countries.

They share four risk factors: tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets.

Facts

The four main types of non-communicable diseases are:Cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and

stroke) Cancers

Chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma)

Diabetes (Type I, II, Gestational)

The 4 main types

Heart conditions that include diseased vessels, structural problems, and blood clots.

Atherosclerosis Arteries filled with cholesterol

Coronary artery diseaseDamage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessels.

StrokeDamage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply

High blood pressureA condition in which the force of the blood against the artery

walls is too high.

Cardiovascular Disease

One in three American adults has some form of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

It is the 1st leading causes of death for both men and women in the United States

How big a problem?

High blood pressureHigh cholesterol Excess weight Physical inactivity SmokingDiabetesExcessive alcohol consumptionIllegal drug use Stress

Risk Factors

People who live lifestyles in line with those on the previous slide

A history of CVD in your familyElderlyCertain Races

HispanicAfrican AmericanAmerican IndianPolynesian

Who is at risk?

Healthy dietExerciseDO NOT SMOKE!!No drug or alcohol use

Prevention

Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death.

More than one million people in the United States get cancer each year.

Cancer

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 7.6 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) in 2008 (1).

Lung, stomach, liver, colon and breast cancer cause the most cancer deaths each year.

The most frequent types of cancer differ between men (prostate) and women (breast cancer).Lung cancer is the #1 killer in both men and

women with regards to cancer deaths.

About 30% of cancer deaths are due to the five leading behavioral and dietary risks: High body mass indexLow fruit and vegetable intakeLack of physical activityTobacco useAlcohol use.

Cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body where they begin to grow and form new tumors.

Over time, the tumors replace normal tissue. The process of cancer spreading is

called metastasis.

How does it spread?

Half of all men and one-third of all women in the US will develop cancer during their lifetimes.

How common?

Healthy lifestyleGET TESTED!!!

Early detection is key

Prevention

Self Breast EXAM (SBE)

For the Woman

Testicular Cancer Self Exam

For the guys

 Diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung.

Some of the most common are: AsthmaChronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pulmonary hypertension.

Chronic Respiratory Disease

The more familiar terms 'chronic bronchitis' and ‘emphysema' are no longer used, but are now included within the COPD diagnosis.

The most common symptoms of COPD are breathlessness, or a 'need for air', excessive sputum production, and a chronic cough

COPD

Tobacco smokingIndoor air pollution (such as biomass fuel

used for cooking and heating)Outdoor air pollutionOccupational dusts and chemicals (vapors,

irritants, and fumes)

Main risk factors for COPD

Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways.

Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood.

Asthma

Asthma has no cure. Even when you feel fine, you still have the disease and it can flare up at any time.

CoughingWheezingChest tightnessShortness of breath

Signs and Symptoms

If you have asthma, you’ll need long-term care. Successful asthma treatment requires that you take an active role in your care and follow your asthma action plan.

Living with Asthma

Diabetes is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels that result from defects in the body's ability to produce and/or use insulin.

Diabetes

Type I – body DOES NOT produce insulinInjections

Type II – Most common form. Hyperglycemia.Get it from lifestyle choices

Gestational Diabetes - During pregnancy – usually around the 24th week – many women develop gestational diabetes.This does not mean you have it or that your

child will have it. BUT YOU MUST LISTEN TO YOUR DOCTOR!

About 1 in 5

Types

Urinating oftenFeeling very thirstyFeeling hungry, even after you have eatenFatigue

Symptoms

You can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes through a healthy lifestyle

Change your diet, increase your level of physical activity, maintain a healthy weight...with these positive steps, you can stay healthier longer and reduce your risk of diabetes.

Prevention