PRE-CHEM CH. 4Nomenclature and formulas of compounds

PRE-CHEM CH. 4 LO What a compound is and how structure affects properties of compounds

Discuss differences and similarities between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.

Name and write formulas for ionic and covalent compounds.

Differentiate between alkane, alkene, and alcohol.

Recognize polymers and relate them to your life.

MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS Mixture

Compound Same chemical formula Chemical bond Chemical structure Bond length Bond angle

MODELS OF COMPOUNDS USING H2O Ball and stick

Space filling

Structural formula

ENERGY AND COMPOUNDS

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BONDS Ionic

Metal and nonmetal

Covalent nonmentals

Metallic metals

IONIC Gain and lose electrons

Metal and nonmetal

Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

COVALENT 2 nonmetals

Sharing of electrons Polar Nonpolar

Polyatomic ions

METALLIC Sea of electrons

IONIC NOMENCLATURE Name the cation first and the anion second.

Monatomic cations use the element name.

Monatomic anions take their name from the root of the element name plus the suffix –ide.

If the compound contains a polyatomic in, simply name the ion.

IONIC NOMENCLATURE EXAMPLES Li2O

BeCl2 NaCl

MgBr2

K2(SO4)

(NH4)3PO4

IONIC FORMULAS Lithium oxide

Beryllium chloride

Magnesium bromide

Potassium sulfate

Ammonium phospate

IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH TRANSITION METALS

To figure out the charge of the transition metal Multiply the number of anions by the charge The cations overall charge will be equal to but opposite Divide the overall charge by the amount of cations This gives you the charge of each cation

Put this number in roman numerals and in parenthesis

EXAMPLES TiN

FeO

Fe2O3

COVALENT NOMENCLATURE As2O5

SiI4 P4S3

PCl3 P4O10

COVALENT FORMULAS Diarsenic pentoxide

Silicion tetroxide

Tetraphosphorus trisulfide

Phosphorous trichloride

Tetraphosphorous decoxide

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS C based compounds

Alkane End in –ane Single bonded carbons

Methane Ethane Propane

Alkene End in –ene Double bonded

Ethene propene

Alkyne Triple bonded C

Propyne Butyne

Alcohol End in –ol Have an –OH group on them

Methanol Ethanol Propanol

POLYMERS Polymers- large organic molecule made of many smaller bonded units

Biochemical Compounds- organic compound that has an important role in living things carbohydrate proteins amino acid