Nokia Siemens

1 Nokia Siemens Networks

Towards 100 Gigabit Ethernet Transmission

Getting The Most Out Of A Single Wavelength

Dark Fibre Convention, 1213 June 2008

Michael Finkenzeller, IPT DWDM


Drive

Processing Power

StorageNetworking

Flexibility

Carrie

r Grad

e

Qualit

y

More forless money

New App-lications

New B

usine

ss

Mode

ls


Drive And Get Driven

Processing Power

StorageNetworking

CostReduction

Flexibility

Carrie

r Grad

e

Qualit

y

More forless money

New App-lications

New B

usine

ss

Mode

ls


Industry Challenge:100x traffic growth at lowest TCO

Key trends

100-fold trafficincrease

at lowest TCO

Bandwidth hungryapplications (P2P, Grid Computing ...)

Global meshing of data centers drives backbone traffic

Powerful newdevices with flat-fee subscription

Unicast TV/video will drive exponential growth in traffic


Agenda

Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion


WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Each coloured wavelength represents one WDM channel Multiplexing of separate signals on same Fibre

Glass Prism Glass Prism

White LightSpectrum


Signal Quality Degradation in Optical Systems

Signal degradation

Attenuation Noise Non-linear effectsDispersionM

U

X

DEM

UX

/ Chromatic dispersion tolerance decrease/ Polarization Mode Dispersion tolerance decrease/ OSNR tolerance decrease/ Non Linear Effects

Bit rate increase to 100Gb/s

New transmission techniques New optical modulation

schemes New dispersion management

techniques New components


Native transport versus concatenated within DWDM layer

Native 40/100G (serial)

optimal use of network capacity easy service routing easy to implement services in

meshed network

/ not yet same reach as 10G

Concatenated nx10G (parallel)

less optical impairments more easy to obtain higher reach

/ routing as bundle of wavelengths necessary/ congests network (especially

cumbersome in partially filled meshed network)

Its a simple calculation: 80 x 10G = 0,8 Tbit/s vs 8 Tbit/s with 100G.Better scalability and simple maintenance: One service, one port


Fibreamplifiers

Error-correcting codes Phase

modulation

Electronic equalization

Years

D

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Today

Wavelength-division multiplexing

??

? ?

E

Technology Trends in 40G/100G

Enabling technologies:Modulation formats (DPSK, DQPSK)Polarization-Multiplexing (PolMux)

Coherent receivers


Agenda



Nokia Siemens Networks DWDM 40G/100G history1998 First 40G DWDM worldwide1999 World record: 80 x 40G2000 World record: 176 x 40G2001 World record for field fiber, collaboration with MCI, 80 x 40G, live traffic2003 40G field trial with T-Com: error free operation since October 2003, still up

and running2003 160 Gbit/s / field trial with optical time-division multiplex over 280

km with BT2004 demonstration of 1700km transmission of 40G on already installed 10G

system in collaboration with AT&T2005 40G included in T-Com frame agreement, first link with 40G up and

running2006 First company to perform mass roll-out of 40G technology2006 First field trial on 107 Gbit/s / transmission with pure electrical time-

division multiplex over 160 km in collaboration with AT&T2007 More than 600 40G transponders sold

First 10 x 111Gbit/s / transmission on 50GHz grid over 2400km


2006: 107 Gbit/s transmission over 160kmTransmission line: 2x80-km field NZDSF, 19.7 dB attenuation per span Direct optical 107 Gb/s generation and additional filtering Electrical processing of 107 Gb/s in single chip after photo

diode Q-factor: 10.4dB btb, 9.6dB after 160km

TXPre

comp80 km

Installed fiber

DCF80 kmInstalled

fiber

DCFRX

Optical Eye Diagramof 107Gbit/s signal

Photo of single chip clock & data recovery and 1:2 demux for 107Gbit/s

Field trial using ETDM sender and receiver.


Classification Of Optical Modulation Schemes

ModulationSchemes

Amplitude Phase

BinaryOOK (NRZ)

DuobinaryPSBT

Binary:(DPSK)

Multilevel:(D)QPSK

Poll-Mux:P-DPSK

CP-QPSK


On Off Keying vs. Differential Phase-Shift Keying

Symbol separation factor 2 better3dB better receiver sensitivity

100G clock 100G data

( )

Transmitter OOK Receiver: Direct detection

00 0 0 00

Intensity

Phase

DPSK Receiver: Balanced detection

Intensity

PhaseMZDI

T+

-0 0 0

0 0

DPSKOOK

DPSK has additional informationin phase of signal


Modulation formats: multiple bits per symbol

0

DPSK

(0,)

(0,0)

(,0)

(, )

POLMUX-DPSK

1 bit/symbol 2 bits/symbol

DQPSK

0

/2

3/2

4 bits/symbol

POLMUX-DQPSK


COHERENT 111-Gbit/s POLMUX-DQPSK(CP-QPSK)

111-Gbit/s POLMUX-(N)RZ-DQPSK transmitter: Polarization multiplexing

Intensity

Phase||Phase

0 0 3/2/2/2 3/23/20 /2

||

27.75G data HA

27.75G data HB27.75G clock

27.75G data VA

27.75G data VB

MZ

/2

PBS

MZ

MZ

MZ /2

POLMUX-(N)RZ-DQPSK receiver: Coherent detection

90

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Post ProcessingXI

XQ

YQ

YI

X00

90hyb 90

0

X90

Y0

Y90

LO PCPC

TDS6154C

9 Very narrow spectral width => Use of existing 50Ghz grid WDM systems9 Use of low spec 40-G electrical components9 Chromatic dispersion and PMD are compensated electrically (1st time for 100Gb/s)9 Coherent detection allows electrical polarization de-multiplexing


Experimental setup: 10 channels with 111Gbit/s each (100GbE + EFEC) on a 50GHz grid Alternative modulation format POLMUX-RZ-DQPSK Completely electronic modulation and demodulation 2375km of SSMF and 5 add-drop nodes Coherent detection and equalization for polarization recovery and high chromatic

dispersion tolerance

As broad as 10G same infrastructure

usable!

2007: 10 x 111 Gbit/s transmission over 2375 km

Possible to use todays 10G infrastructure for 100G/ transmission

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

10-7

7.5

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8.5

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9.5

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10.5

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-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000Residual chromatic dispersion at receiver (ps/nm)

B

E

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2

0

l

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g

(

Q

)

d

B

EFEC Limit

6x

95kmSSMF

Raman

WSS

AOM AOM

Post-compensation

Pre-compensation

LSPS

5x

DCF

RX

TX

DCF6x

95kmSSMF

Raman

WSS

AOM AOM

Post-compensation

Pre-compensation

LSPS

5x

DCF

RX

TX

DCF5x


Agenda



100GbE: IEEE and ITU-T are different worlds.

IEEE World ITU-T World10M, 100M, 1G, 10G Interfaces

10G Interfaces

100M, 1G, 10G Interfaces

Distances 100m 10/40km

155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G, 40G Interfaces

10G / 40G in OTN Distances 2km - nx1000km

155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G Interfaces

The IEEE world is short range and used factor 10 in the past.The ITU-T world is long range and used factor 4 in the past.


Status 100GbE Standardization Status IEEE 802.3 Higher-Speed Study Group (HSSG)

Attendance predominantly interested in cost-efficient, mature transceiver alternatives for short-reach applications, transport networking vendors / service providers represent a minority. New: data center and server operators.

Description of standard is scheduled for 2008, finalization for 2009/2010. Data rate and de-skewing procedure are defined in study groups today.

Status ITU SG15 Q6 / Q11: Several OTU-4 proposals in G.709 are under discussion (111 - 112 Gb/s or 130Gb/s),

new revision of G.709 including 100GbE transport capability planned for Feb 2008.

Line InterfaceClient InterfaceLine Data Rate

(1), 2, 3100GbE 3 x 40Gb/s (9 ..12 x10Gb/s)

130Gb/s

1, 2100GbE (9-10 x 10Gb)111-112Gb/s

Data rate 130G would delay 100GbE products availability for 2 years.Close coordination is needed for 100G and 40G.


Mapping of 10GbE: Example where standard didnt much help

For 10GbE two different line interfaces (over-clocking).


AT&T, Verizon Have Optical WishesJUNE 08, 2007

In a keynote on Wednesday, AT&T's Peter Magill said his company would need 100 Gig sooner rather than later.Magill says that AT&T is committed to meeting bandwidth demands, however, and in an interview after his keynote, he said that AT&T would deploy pre-standard 100-Gig technology if it had to, as long as it made economic sense.

source: Light Reading, October 03, 2007

Pre-Standard 100G?


Turning Ethernet to carrier grade technology

Hard

QoS Scalability

OAM

&P

Availability

Relia

bilit

y

Carrier grade Ethernet

Technology

99.999% Hardware

redundancy Inter-card LAG

HSO

Pay-as-you-grow architecture

Port density and capacity

# of subscribers and services

Bandwidth allocation and optimization

Flexible SLA Hierarchical shaping:

per subscriber, per service

50mSec resiliency, ERP

Local and global protection

ISSU

Deterministic and secure traffic engineering

IEEE 802.1ag SLA monitoring


Carrier Ethernet Transport Networks

Minimize intermediate routing - offload routers

Functionality only Functionality only where neededwhere needed

Optimal mixOptimal mix of intermediategrooming and routing and

transparent bypass(Ethernet + WDMEthernet + WDM)

Native transport of business services on

the lowest possible layer the lowest possible layer (Ethernet or WDM) dependent on

service requirements and cost

WDM

IP

Carrier Ethernet Transport


Power and mechanical design is OpEx that we can control

Terabit core router

Power consumption of 13kW

723 kg chassis fully configured

Source: Internal analysis

Power consumption (in kW) for 100Gig

Router1

Switch0.5

SDH0.2 ROADM

0.04

Future

Power consumption (in kW) for 100Gig

Router0.6

Switch0.2

Features / sophisticated Backward compatibility


Agenda



Historical Volume Growth AMS-IX

source: AMS-IX

Every 30 months traffic increased with factor 10.


Future Bandwidth Requirements

[source: EU-IST MUSE]

And there is no stopping in sight: Ideas for 2015 to have Super Hi-Vision (UHDTV) with 16x pixel resolution of HDTV, BW >500 Mbit!


Conclusion

Demand for 100G is real. IP based applications are main driver. Main payload will be Ethernet based services.

100G: Technology is on the right track. Operation of 100G native on 10G infrastructure is feasible. 100GbE standardization is key factor for products in 2010.

Standardization Issues Transport: client side and line side have to be synchronized Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET) provides simplification and cost

savings for future


Thank You!

Nokia Siemens

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