NOKIA MORPH TECHNOLOGY

Seminar Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

V.B.VISHNU PRIYA

ECE 4th YEAR 2nd SEMESTER

ROLL NO: 08071A0451

2011-2012

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to J.N.T.U., Hyderabad)

Bachupally(v), Hyderabad, A.P., India. 500 090

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VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to J.N.T.U., Hyderabad)

Bachupally(v), Hyderabad, A.P., India.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled ‘NOKIA MORH TECHNOLOGY’ that has

been submitted by V.B.VISHNU PRIYA (08071A0451) in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in the DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING during the academic year

2011-2012 is a record of bonafide record of the seminar presented by him/her.

COORDINATOR HEAD OF THE DEPT

Dr. L. Padmasree Dr. P. Sri Hari

D. Kanthi Sudha

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ACKNOWLEDEMENT

I am extremely thankful to my internal guide Dr. L. Padmasree, Professor and D. Kanthi

Sudha, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, for their constant

inspiration and support. I express my thanks to all the help and co-ordination extended in

bringing out this seminar successfully on time.

I express my sincere gratitude to respected Dr. C. D. Naidu, Principal of VNRVJIET and

Dr. P. Sri Hari, Head of Department of ECE, for their valuable guidance, encouragement and

suggestions.

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ABSTRACT

In business a product could have a shorter life if it can't win the hearts of people and

showcase new technology, so take the case of Nokia, who is coming up with the Nokia Morph

flexible mobile phone which the company claims include nanotechnology and would immensely

benefit its end-users. The main benefit of Nanotechnology is that its components are flexible,

transparent and extremely strong. The company believes this latest technology would be a

distinctive phone by 2015, but a few technical glitches remained to be solved, like the use of new

battery materials etc. Nokia morph is a joint technology concept, developed by nokia research

center (NRC) and the University of Cambridge (UK). The morph demonstrate how future mobile

device might be stretchable and flexible, allowing the user to transform their mobile devices into

radically different shaped. It demonstrates the ultimately that nanotechnology might be capable

of delivering: flexible material, transparent electronics and selfcleaning surface. Nanotechnology

enables materials and components that are flexible, stretchable, transparent and remarkably

strong. Fibril proteins are woven into three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic

structures. Using the same principle behind spider silk, this elasticity enables the device to

literally changes shapes and configures itself to adapt to the task at hand.

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CONTENTS

Index Page No

Certificate 2

Acknowledement 3

Abstract 4

CHAPTER 1

1. Introduction 7

CHAPTER 2

2. History 8

CHAPTER 3

3. Concept of Nokia Morph

3.1 Nokia Morph 9

3.2 Nanotechnology 9

3.3 Molecular Nanotechnology 10

3.4 Collaboration between and University of Cambridge 11

3.5 About University of Cambridge Nano Research Center 12

3.6 Nokia Research Center 12

CHAPTER 4

4. Features of Nokia Morph 13

4.1 Sensing 14

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4.2 Nanograss 15

4.3 Self-cleaning 16

4.4 Stretchable 17

4.5 Transparent-electronics 18

4.6 Spider-silk 18

4.7 Haptic-surface 19

4.8 Wearable device 19

4.9 Recycle 20

CHAPTER 5

5. Pros & Cons

5.1 Advantages 20

5.2 Disadvantages 20

CHAPTER 6

6. Conclusion 22

CHAPTER 7

7. Future scope 22

CHAPTER 8

8. References 22

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CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION

The Morph concept

Launched alongside The Museum of Modern Art “Design and The Elastic Mind” exhibition, the

Morph concept device is a bridge between highly advanced technologies and their potential

benefits to end-users. This device concept showcases some revolutionary leaps being explored

by Nokia Research Center (NRC) in collaboration with the Cambridge Nanoscience Centre

(United Kingdom) – nanoscale technologies that will potentially create a world of radically

different devices that open up an entirely new spectrum of possibilities.

Morph concept technologies might create fantastic opportunities for mobile devices:

Newly-enabled flexible and transparent materials blend more seamlessly with the way we

live.

Devices become self-cleaning and self-preserving.

Transparent electronics offering an entirely new aesthetic dimension.

Built- in solar absorption might charge a device, whilst batteries become smaller, longer

lasting and faster to charge.

Integrated sensors might allow us to learn more about the environment around us,

empowering us to make better choices.

In addition to the advances above, the integrated electronics shown in the Morph concept could

cost less and include more functionality in a much smaller space, even as interfaces are

simplified and usability is enhanced. All of these new capabilities will unleash new applications

and services that will allow us to communicate and interact in unprecedented ways.

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CHAPTER 2

2. HISTORY

The concept of NOKIA MORPH has been introduced to the global world at the Museum

of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City from February 24 to May 12 of 2008 as part of the

"Design and the Elastic Mind" exhibition. The concept emerged through collaboration between

Nokia Research Center and Cambridge University Nanoscience Center in the UK. Since the

KAIST, developed a transparent resistive random access memory (TRRAM), the idea of morph

technology seems to be growing and Nokia Research Center collaborated with Cambridge

University Nanoscience Center and initiated to develop this fairytale concept a reality and

researches are still undergoing. Nokia also added a concept video regarding morph on YouTube

which received 2.3 million viewers on its initial week. This technology enabled phones are

expected to reach the global markets around 2020.

This device concept showcases some revolutionary leaps being explored by Nokia Research

Center (NRC) in collaboration with the Cambridge Nanoscience Centre (United Kingdom) –

Nanoscale technologies that will potentially create a world of radically different devices that

open up an entirely new spectrum of possibilities.

Invitation to contribute to Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in April 2007.

Brainstorming in Cambridge in June 2007; Nokia Research Centre, Nokia Design and

University of Cambridge.

First concepts to MoMA in August 2007.

MoMA exhibition in February 2008

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CHAPTER 3

3. CONCEPT OF NOKIA MORPH

3.1 Nokia Morph

Morph is a concept that demonstrates how future mobile devices might be stretchable and

flexible, allowing the user to transform their mobile device into radically different shapes. It

demonstrates the ultimate functionality that nanotechnology might be capable of delivering:

flexible materials, transparent electronics and self-cleaning surfaces.The device, which is made

using nanotechnology, is intended to demonstrate how cell phones in the future could be

stretched and bent into different shapes, allowing users to “morph” their devices into whatever

shape they want. Want to wear your cell phone as a bracelet? No problem, just bend it around

your wrist. Even though Morph is still in early development, Nokia believes that certain elements

of the device could be used in high-end Nokia devices within the next seven years. And as the

technology matures, nanotechnology could eventually be incorporated into Nokia’s entire line of

products to help lower manufacturing costs. Nokia Morph is truly an absolutely wonderful

gadget with flexible bending and wearing options and surely the best in the gadgets segment

from the house of Nokia.

3.2 Nanotechnology

A basic definition: Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular

scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced. In its original sense,

'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using

techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products.

Nanotechnology may one day lead to low cost manufacturing solutions, and offers the possibility

of integrating complex functionality at a low price. Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to

create self-cleaning surfaces on mobile devices, ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and

improving longevity. Nanostructured surfaces, such as “Nanoflowers” naturally repel water, dirt,

and even fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems. Elegant three-dimensional

MoS2 nanoflowers were uniformly formed via heating a MoO2 thin film in a vapor sulfur

atmosphere. Tens to hundreds of petals were self- assembled within a single nanoflower. Each

petal, 100–300 nm wide and only several nanometers thick, exhibited a hexagonal structure. The

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number of petal layers gradually decreased towards the edges, resulting in uniquely thin edges,

typically less than 3 nm. The MoS2 nanoflowers appeared to be excellent field emitters

displaying a current density of 0.01 and 10? mA/cm2 at macroscopic fields of 4.5–5.5 and 7.6–

8.6 V/μm, respectively; the electron field emission was consistent with the Fowler–Nordheim

theory.

3.3 Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular nanotechnology, sometimes called molecular manufacturing, describes engineered

nanosystems (nanoscale machines) operating on the molecular scale. Molecular nanotechnology

is especially associated with the molecular assembler, a machine that can produce a desired

structure or device atom-by-atom using the principles of mechanosynthesis. Manufacturing in the

context of productive nanosystems is not related to, and should be clearly distinguished from, the

conventional technologies used to manufacture nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and

nanoparticles. When the term "nanotechnology" was independently coined and popularized by

Eric Drexler (who at the time was unaware of an earlier usage by Norio Taniguchi) it referred to

a future manufacturing technology based on molecular machine systems. The premise was that

molecular scale biological analogies of traditional machine components demonstrated molecular

machines were possible: by the countless examples found in biology, it is known that

sophisticated, stochastically optimised biological machines can be produced.. It is hoped that

developments in nanotechnology will make possible their construction by some other means,

perhaps using biomimetic principles. However, Drexler and other researchers have proposed that

advanced nanotechnology, although perhaps initially implemented by biomimetic means,

ultimately could be based on mechanical engineering principles, namely, a manufacturing

technology based on the mechanical functionality of these components (such as gears, bearings,

motors, and structural members) that would enable programmable, positional assembly to atomic

specification. The physics and engineering performance of exemplar designs were analyzed in

Drexler's book Nanosystems. In general it is very difficult to assemble devices on the atomic

scale, as all one has to position atoms are other atoms of comparable size and stickiness. Another

view, put forth by Carlo Montemagno, is that future nanosystems will be hybrids of silicon

technology and biological molecular machines. Yet another view, put forward by the late

Richard Smalley, is that mechanosynthesis is impossible due to the difficulties in mechanically

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manipulating individual molecules. This led to an exchange of letters in the ACS publication

Chemical & Engineering News in 2003. Though biology clearly demonstrates that molecular

machine systems are possible, non-biological molecular machines are today only in their infancy.

Leaders in research on non-biological molecular machines are Dr. Alex Zettl and his colleagues

at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories and UC Berkeley. They have constructed at least three

distinct molecular devices whose motion is controlled from the desktop with changing voltage: a

nanotube nanomotor, a molecular actuator and a nanoelectromechanical relaxation oscillator. An

experiment indicating that positional molecular assembly is possible was performed by Ho and

Lee at Cornell University in 1999. They used a scanning tunneling microscope to move an

individual carbon monoxide molecule (CO) to an individual iron atom (Fe) sitting on a flat silver

crystal, and chemically bound the CO to the Fe by applying a voltage.

3.4 Collaboration Between NRC and University of Cambridge

The partnership between Nokia and the University of Cambridge was announced in March, 2007

- an agreement to work together on an extensive and long term programme of joint research

projects. NRC has established a research facility at the University's West Cambridge site and

collaborates with several departments - initially the Nanoscience Center and Electrical Division

of the Engineering Department - on projects that, to begin with, are centered on nanotechnology.

With the ability of the phone to take on a variety of shapes and sizes, most people may not need

to change phones so often as they currently have been doing so every 1.5 years on average.

According to Nokia, it would take seven years before Morph phones are available at consumer

markets. The Morph concept technology carries numerous interesting features for future mobile

devices.

1. Newly-enabled flexible transparent materials blend more seamlessly with the way we live.

2. Devices become self-cleaning and self-preserving.

3. Transparent electronics offering an entirely new aesthetic dimension.

4. Built- in solar absorption might charge a device, whilst batteries become smaller, longer

lasting and faster to charge.

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5. Integrated sensors might allow us to learn more about the environment around us, empowering

us to make better choices.

In addition to the advances above, the integrated electronics would cost less and include more

functionality in a much smaller space, even as interfaces are simplified and usability is enhanced.

Mobile phones like Nano Morph certainly depict the upcoming Nano Technology and it will

surely be a front-runner in the use of various gadgets and technologies be it Computers, Air

Conditioners, Robots, Cars or like this one viz Mobile phones and smartphones.

3.5 About University of Cambridge Nano Research Center

In Nanoscience Centre is an 1800m² research facility completed in January 2003 and located at

the north east corner of the University's West Cambridge Site. The Centre provides open access

to over 300 researchers from a variety of University Departments to the nanofabrication and

characterisation facilities housed in a combination of Clean Rooms and low noise laboratories.

Office space is primarily home to the Department of Engineering’s Nanoscience Group,

technical and administrative staff and members of other research groups who require long term

access to facilities. The partnership between Nokia and the University of Cambridge was

announced in March, 2007 - an agreement to work together on an extensive and long term

programme of joint research projects. NRC has established a research facility at the University's

West Cambridge site and collaborates with several departments - initially the Nanoscience

Center and Electrical Division of the Engineering Department - on projects that, to begin with,

are centered on nanotechnology.

3.6 Nokia Research Center

Nokia believes that effective research and development is vital to remaining competitive in the

mobile computing and communications industry. As of April 1, 2007, we had R&D centers in 11

countries and employed 14,500 people in research and development, representing approximately

32% of Nokia’s total workforce. R&D expenses totaled EUR 3,9 billion in 2006, representing

9,5% of Nokia’s net sales. We invest a substantial portion of our resources in research and

development activities within our principal business groups Mobile Phones, Multimedia and

Enterprise Solutions, Technology Platforms , and in the Nokia Research Center (NRC). Nokia

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Research Center has a unique mission to lead Nokia into the future: NRC will be the global

leader of open innovation for human mobility systems of the fused physical and digital world,

giving birth to the growth of businesses for Nokia. Nokia Research Center was founded in 1986

from the Nokia Electronics R&D unit, with the a headcount of 86 persons. Today, NRC employs

roughly 800 researchers from 43 countires and a wide variety of fields. Representing just over

4% of Nokia’s R&D employees, NRC researchers produce about one half of Nokia’s essential

patents, and 34% of all Nokia invention reports (2006). NRC has a two-fold approach to

achieving its mandate. The work for core technology breakthroughs supporting Nokia's existing

businesses takes place in the Core Technology Centers, the CTC's. More visionary, exploratory

systems research that goes well beyond any current business model is conducted at the many

System Research Centers, the SRC's.

FIG 1:-MORPH IN OPEN MODE

FIG 2:-MORPH IN FOLDED MODE FIG 3:-MORPH IN WRIST MODE

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CHAPTER 4

4. FEATURES OF NOKIA MORPH

4.1 SENSING

Nokia Morph can interact with the surrounding environment and is capable of providing

key information for anything from temperature changes to pollution i.e. Morph can sense its

surrounding. Nanosensors are used for this purpose and it empowers users to examine the

environment around them in completely new ways, from analyzing air pollution, to gaining

insight into bio-chemical traces and processes. New capabilities might be as complex as it may

help us monitor evolving conditions in the quality of our surroundings, or as simple as knowing

if the fruit we are about to enjoy should be washed before we eat it. Our ability to tune into our

environment in these ways can help us make key decisions that guide our daily actions and

ultimately can enhance our health. Nanostructures can also enable robust chemical and bio-

chemical sensing, especially in scenarios where nanoscale values are being measured. And since

nanoscale is the scale of the fundamental processes of life, nanoscale chemical sensors can

leverage principles and materials common to biological systems. Nanosensors construct a

complete awareness of the user context–both personal and environmental enabling an

appropriate and intelligent response.

In order to improve sensor and signal processing characteristics Nokia introduced

Nanowire Lithography (NWL) process that fabricates a large area and self aligned 3D

architectures.

FIG 4:- Nanosensor inside Nokia Morph.

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4.2 NANOGRASS

Each and every mobile phone requires a power source. But in the case of morph it has got not

one but many power sources. It has got an enhanced energy density battery that is quicker to

recharge and is able to endure more charging cycles. Along with it polymer carbon nanotube

composites with controlled conduction, nanotube enhanced super capacitors and nano composite

solar cells also act as other power sources. Here nano enhanced dielectrics are used as separator

and high power capacitors. Here energy is also harvested from RF using wideband antennas or

by using nano electro mechanical (NEM) method. Microwatt level energy is harvested from

waste energy in air.

Nanograss is used for harvesting solar power. Nokia developed a full solid state, flexible Dye

Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using ZnO nanostructure that act as photovoltaic’s which harvests

solar energy. Nanotechnology holds out the possibility that the surface of a device will become a

natural source of energy via a covering of “Nanograss” structures that harvest solar power. At the

same time new high energy density storage materials allow batteries to become smaller and

thinner, while also quicker to recharge and able to endure more charging cycles.

ZnO nanostructures may also play an important role in low-cost photovoltaics. Researchers from

Nokia and the University of Cambridge have demonstrated a new method for making a full

solid-state, flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Although their efficiency needs

improvement, these DSSCs may present a low-cost alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics.

Because conventional DSSCs also pose challenges related to solvent leakage and evaporation,

Nokia is working to develop a stable DSSC based on solid electrolytes.

FIG 5:- Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

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FIG 6:- Nanograss

4.3 SELF-CLEANING

Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobile devices,

ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity. Nanostructured surfaces, such as

“Nanoflowers” naturally repel water, dirt, and even fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in

natural systems. A nanoflower, in chemistry, refers to a compound of certain elements that

results in formations which in microscopic view resemble flowers or, in some cases, trees that

are called nanobouquets or nanotrees. These formations are nanometers long and thick so they

can only be observed using electron microscopy Nanoflowers” naturally repel water, dirt, and

even fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems. That is why it is used for self

cleaning purpose. Zinc oxide changes resistance when molecules of ethanol vapour stick onto it

in a process called adsorption. The flower- like structures work at lower temperatures because

their tiny size enhances adsorption. Each flower is made up of bundles of nanorods 15nm wide.

They were made by blasting a zinc-containing solution with ultrasound.

FIG 7:- Nanoflowers

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4.4 STRETCHABLE

Nokia are developing thin-film electronic circuits and architectures supported on

elastomeric substrates which are robust enough to allow multi-directional stretching.

Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are flexible, stretchable, transparent and

remarkably strong. Fibril proteins are woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin

elastic structures. This elasticity enables the device to literally change shapes and configure itself

to adapt to the task at hand. Thus nanoscale structure of the electronics enables stretching .

A folded design would fit easily in a pocket and could lend itself ergonomically to being

used as a traditional handset. An unfolded larger design could display more detailed information,

and incorporate input devices such as keyboards and touch pads.

FIG 8:- Stretchable

A nanoscale mesh of fibers similar to spider silk controls the stretching when device is

folded. ZnO nanowires act as flexible tactile arrays that enable the flexible ability of Nokia

Morph. Arrays of aligned zinc oxide nanowires grown hydrothermally from zinc salt precursor

on the surface of substrates (at roughly 70 – 100 °C) are used here.

4.5 TRANSPARENT ELECTRONICS

The whole electronic circuit inside Nokia Morph is entirely transparent. Nanoscale

electronics becomes invisible to human eye. The major platform for transparent electronics came

into existence with the introduction of transparent resistive random access memory (TRRAM)

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developed by KOREAN ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(KAIST).

FIG 9:- Transparent electronics of Morph.

4.6 SPIDER-SILK

A Nanoscale mesh of fibers controls the stretching when the device is folded. Using the same

principle behind spider silk enabling the device to literally change shapes and configure itself to

adapt to the task at hand. Fibril proteins are woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinforces

thin elastic structures, making these devices highly adaptable. The device is made of several

threads of spider silk which is stretchable to a limit. This helps the device in folding. It is so

versatile that the entire surface of device available for user interface.

FIG 10:- spider silk

4.7 HAPTIC SURFACE

Touch sensitive and responsive (HAPTIC) surface of Nokia Morph is provided by large

area sensing surfaces using piezoelectric nanowire arrays. ZnO nanowires are used to produce

the piezoelectric nanowire arrays. Buttons on the device surface are in real 3D forms.

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FIG 11:- Haptic surface of Nokia Morph.

ZnO exhibits an unusual combination of properties, including uniaxial piezoelectric

response and n-type semiconductor characteristics. Nokia is exploiting these qualities to achieve

strain-based electromechanical transducers—ideal for touch-sensitive (even direction-sensitive)

surfaces.

4.8 WEARABLE DEVICE

This device can be wear as a clock on wrist also. This device can change their color according to

the user wish.

FIG 12:- Wearable device

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4.9 RECYCLING

Utilization of biodegradable materials might make production and recycling of devices easier and

ecologically friendly.

FIG 13:- Recycle

CHAPTER 5

5. PROS & CONS

5.1 Advantages

5.1.1 Utilization of biodegradable materials might make production and recycling of

devices easier and ecologically friendly.

5.1.2 Low Power cost due to built-in solar absorption that might charge the device

making batteries smaller, longer lasting and faster to charge and hence making the

phone less bulky.

5.1.3 Helps to learn more about the environment around us, empowering us to make

better choices.

5.2 Disadvantages

5.2.1 Due to the granular structure, nano particles can go unnoticed on a person’s hand,

but the risk of inhaling this could be very dangerous. This can duly be a cause of death.

5.2.2 Lack of a reliable power source: Nokia is still searching new battery materials to

power the Morph. This is a significant technical drawback that Nokia has to overcome before

launching this concept.

5.2.3 Overpriced.

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FIG 14:- Various Images of NOKIA MORPH

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CHAPTER 6

6. CONCLUSION

According to the developers, using nanotechnology can lead to low cost manufacturing

solutions as well as adjustable, empowering devices, bringing us new, versatile possibilities.

These mobile devices will be flexible, stretchable and shape changing, so that they can be easily

integrated in our everyday routines without special adjustments on our part. Unfortunately, it

might take close to a decade until the elements of Morph might be available for integration into

handheld devices. Nanosensors would raise the awareness of mobile devices' users to the

environment in a new way. Think Morph as a snapshot of a new kind of mobility made possible

through nanotechnology and along with Nokia Research as their slogan says “Thinking,

understanding and creating mobile innovations for cultures all over the world” and Cambridge

University Nanoscience research centre the Morph has the potential of being both evolutionary

and revolutionary when applied to the field of mobile technology and with more it always be

bonded and is always be connected to a range of objects and services that have not yet being

imagined. Thus NOKIA MORPH is just a beginning to the future mobiles.

CHAPTER 7

7. FUTURE SCOPE

The shapes could be made simpler like in ring shape.

Morph in open mode could act as a keyboard for pc’s.

CHAPTER 8

8. REFERENCE

www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk

www.inac.purdue.edu

research.nokia.com/projects/nanosciences

www.nokia.com/A4852062

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www.youtube.com

www.seminarsonly.com

www.wikipedia.com

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