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![Page 1: Nobuko Goto. * Tsunami easily overflowed tsunami barrier constructed by government * The height of Tsunami was larger than that of two- or three-story.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a2cce550346545e8b48a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nobuko Goto
津波
TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS IN LOS ANGELES
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* Tsunami easily overflowed tsunami barrier constructed by government
* The height of Tsunami was larger than that of two- or three-story building
Damages by Tsunami in Japan March 11th , 2011 a huge earthquake and
Tsunami hit northern part of Japan. What made so big damages?
The height of Tsunami was much larger than that expected by government
Local people were not prepared for so big tsunami
breakwater
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A new scheme for Tsunami preparedness
Source: Shizuoka Prefecture,http://www.e-quakes.pref.shizuoka.jp/shiraberu/hinan/05/04.html
Tsunami
Tsunami
Tsunami
Expected Inundation area
Evacuation areas
Tsunami evacuation
building
About 200 meters
Possible areas that need
evacuation buildings
Areas that do not need evacuation buildings
Covered area
Direction of evacuation
evacuees
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Research points
Applying Tsunami evacuation buildings scheme to Los Angeles, Which areas are lacking in multi story
buildings for evacuation? Which areas will be seriously damaged by
Tsunami ? Which areas need Tsunami evacuation
buildings ?
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Study Area
California
2000mMalibu
Santa MonicaRedondo Beach
Rancho Palos Verdes
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Areas covered by existing buildings (200 and 500 m)
* Average male walking (80m/minutes)- 200m: 2.5 minutes, 500m: 6.25 minutes
Total number of buildings in the hazard area: 254,391
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Predicting areas with higher damage
Possible factors Elevation Age of buildings Percentage of elderly people Distance from coastal line
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1. Elevation
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2. Age of building
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3. Proportion of elderly people
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4. Distance
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Shortage of Evacuation Areas with high possibility
Find out locations that are lacking in multistory evacuation buildings
Parameters and weight
Parameters Levels WeightElevation 2 50%
Distance 4 25%
Percentage of elderly 3 15%
Age of buildings * 2 10%
* I weighed this only 10%, because the minimum size of survey is block group.
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Possible damage areas
High
Low
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High priority areas for Tsunami preparedness
Manhattan Beach ~ Hermosa Beach
Between Marina Del Rey and LAX
Areas close to Malibu beach coast
Around Santa Monica Airport
High
Low
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Summary and concluding remarks
Malibu Beach coast, around Santa Monica Airport, areas nestled between Marina Del Rey and Lax and coast areas close to Manhattan and Hermosa Beach have higher priority for Tsunami preparedness.
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Reference
Guideline of Tsunami evacuation building, Cabinet Office, Japanese Government, http://www.bousai.go.jp/oshirase/h17/tsunami_hinan.html
Los Angeles County Tsunami Inundation Map, http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/LosAngeles/Pages/LosAngeles.aspx
Miho Yoshimura, The introduction of incentives to earthquake vulnerability of buildings (September, 2005) http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2261/50136
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Model - reclassifying