NOAA Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN)

Fred BranskiFred Branski 11January 21, 2005January 21, 2005

NOAANOAAEmergency Managers Emergency Managers

Weather Information NetworkWeather Information Network(EMWIN)(EMWIN)

EMWIN website - EMWIN website - http://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/emwin/index.htmhttp://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/emwin/index.htm

January 21, 2005January 21, 2005 Fred BranskiFred Branski 22

What is EMWIN?What is EMWIN?

• The Emergency Managers Information Network is The Emergency Managers Information Network is a wireless, priority-driven computer weather data a wireless, priority-driven computer weather data broadcast system providing timely watches, broadcast system providing timely watches, warnings, forecasts, other hydro-meteorological warnings, forecasts, other hydro-meteorological products, graphics and satellite imagery.products, graphics and satellite imagery.

• Uses NOAA’s GOES satellites and low cost user receive Uses NOAA’s GOES satellites and low cost user receive systemssystems

• Data content prioritized to needs of emergency managers Data content prioritized to needs of emergency managers • Satellite broadcast from GOES East and WestSatellite broadcast from GOES East and West

– Rebroadcast in Pacific via PeaceSat4Rebroadcast in Pacific via PeaceSat4– Rebroadcast on VHF radio in certain areasRebroadcast on VHF radio in certain areas– Same bit stream available on Internet Same bit stream available on Internet


What is EMWIN?What is EMWIN?

• EMWIN provides rapid dissemination of:EMWIN provides rapid dissemination of:– Warnings < 2 minutesWarnings < 2 minutes– Forecasts ~ 5 minutesForecasts ~ 5 minutes– Graphics ~ 10 – 15 minutesGraphics ~ 10 – 15 minutes– Imagery ~ 10 – 15 minutesImagery ~ 10 – 15 minutes– Other (as time permits)Other (as time permits)– In severe weather non-warning products may In severe weather non-warning products may

take longertake longer


EMWIN – How it works EMWIN – How it works • Data are collected from a variety of sourcesData are collected from a variety of sources

– NOAA/NWS Gateway, RTH Washington - GTSNOAA/NWS Gateway, RTH Washington - GTS– NOAA Weather WireNOAA Weather Wire– FTPFTP– InternetInternet

• They are assembled at the EMWIN servers and:They are assembled at the EMWIN servers and:– PrioritizedPrioritized– Split into packetsSplit into packets– Assembled into a data streamAssembled into a data stream

• The data stream is then sent to Wallops CDA (NESDIS) where it The data stream is then sent to Wallops CDA (NESDIS) where it is:is:– Up-linked to satellite (GOES East & West)Up-linked to satellite (GOES East & West)

• The data stream is then available to be received by user The data stream is then available to be received by user stationsstations– From here EMWIN products can be retransmitted by other methodsFrom here EMWIN products can be retransmitted by other methods

• Up-linked to another satellite (ex. PeaceSAT4)Up-linked to another satellite (ex. PeaceSAT4)• Transmitted via radio frequencyTransmitted via radio frequency• Sent on the Internet (BYTE Blaster)Sent on the Internet (BYTE Blaster)


Methods of DisseminationMethods of Dissemination• Primary Wireless MethodsPrimary Wireless Methods

– GOES East and WestGOES East and West– PeaceSAT4PeaceSAT4

• Secondary Wireless MethodsSecondary Wireless Methods– Commercial SatellitesCommercial Satellites– TV SAP channelTV SAP channel– TV Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI)TV Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI)– Radio Radio – PagersPagers

• InternetInternet


NOAA NOAA EMWIN EMWIN ArchitectureArchitecture

INTERNET CLOUD

INTERNET CLOUD

NOAA/NWS GATEWAY SYSTEM

RTH WASHINGTON – WMO GTS

NOAA WEATHER WIRE SYSTEM

Primary Servers

Backup Servers

BYTE BLASTER NETWORK

WALLOPS CDAS

GOES SPACE CRAFT

DEDICATED ANALOG LINE

EMWIN FEED SOURCES

EMWIN TRANSMIT NETWORK

EMWIN INTERNET PUSH BITSTREAM

DEDICATED ANALOG LINE/T1 backup

Tertiary Backup

NOAA WEATHER WIRE SYSTEM

EMWIN USERS

January 21, 2005 Fred Branski 7

-90.

-60.

-30.

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30.

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90.

-240. -210. -180. -150. -120. -90.0 -60.0 -30.0 0.0 30.0Longitude

GOES Visibility Contours

-90.

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30.

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-240. -210. -180. -150. -120. -90.0 -60.0 -30.0 0.0 30.0Longitude

GOES West

GOES East

5° Elevation

0° Elevation


GOES East and West GOES East and West footprintfootprint


SampleSample Forecast ForecastFPHW60 PHFO 201348FPHW60 PHFO 201348SFPHI SFPHI

STATE FORECAST FOR HAWAIISTATE FORECAST FOR HAWAIINATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HONOLULU HINATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HONOLULU HI4 AM HST FRI JUN 20 20034 AM HST FRI JUN 20 2003

HIZ001>003-005-006-210200-HIZ001>003-005-006-210200-STATE FORECAST FOR THE ISLANDS OF KAUAI-OAHU-MAUI-MOLOKAI-LANAI-STATE FORECAST FOR THE ISLANDS OF KAUAI-OAHU-MAUI-MOLOKAI-LANAI-4 AM HST FRI JUN 20 20034 AM HST FRI JUN 20 2003

...HIGH SURF ADVISORY CANCELLED AT 4 AM......HIGH SURF ADVISORY CANCELLED AT 4 AM...

.TODAY AND SATURDAY...MOSTLY CLEAR BUT FOR ISOLATED SHOWERS..TODAY AND SATURDAY...MOSTLY CLEAR BUT FOR ISOLATED SHOWERS. HIGHS MID 80S. LOWS 70 TO 75. TRADE WINDS 15 TO 25 MPH.HIGHS MID 80S. LOWS 70 TO 75. TRADE WINDS 15 TO 25 MPH.

.EXTENDED FORECAST....EXTENDED FORECAST...

.SUNDAY THROUGH TUESDAY...BECOMING PARTLY CLOUDY WITH SCATTERED .SUNDAY THROUGH TUESDAY...BECOMING PARTLY CLOUDY WITH SCATTERED WINDWARD SHOWERS MONDAY AND TUESDAY. HIGHS 80 TO 85.WINDWARD SHOWERS MONDAY AND TUESDAY. HIGHS 80 TO 85. LOWS 70 TO 75. TRADE WINDS 15 TO 25 MPH WEAKENING TO 10 TO 20LOWS 70 TO 75. TRADE WINDS 15 TO 25 MPH WEAKENING TO 10 TO 20 MPH MONDAY AND TUESDAY.MPH MONDAY AND TUESDAY.


Sample WarningSample WarningWEHW40 PHEB 012158WEHW40 PHEB 012158TSUHWXTSUHWX

TEST TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 003TEST TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 003TEST PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTERTEST PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTERTEST 11:58 AM HST 01 APR 2003TEST 11:58 AM HST 01 APR 2003TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TESTTEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TESTTEST TEST TEST THIS FOLLOWING BULLETIN IS FOR A CIVIL DEFENSE EXERCISE.TEST THIS FOLLOWING BULLETIN IS FOR A CIVIL DEFENSE EXERCISE.TEST TEST TEST TO: CIVIL DEFENSE IN THE STATE OF HAWAIITEST TO: CIVIL DEFENSE IN THE STATE OF HAWAIITEST TEST TEST SUBJECT: LOCAL TSUNAMI WARNING CANCELLATION BULLETIN TEST SUBJECT: LOCAL TSUNAMI WARNING CANCELLATION BULLETIN

TESTTESTTEST TEST TEST EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, THE URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING ISSUEDTEST EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, THE URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING ISSUEDTEST FOR ALL COUNTIES IN THE STATE OF HAWAII IS CANCELLED.TEST FOR ALL COUNTIES IN THE STATE OF HAWAII IS CANCELLED.TEST TEST TEST AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THE FOLLOWING TEST AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THE FOLLOWING

PRELIMINARYPRELIMINARYTEST PARAMETERS:TEST PARAMETERS:TEST ORIGIN TIME - 11:40 AM HST, 01 APR 2003TEST ORIGIN TIME - 11:40 AM HST, 01 APR 2003TEST COORDINATES - 19.2 NORTH, 155.9 WESTTEST COORDINATES - 19.2 NORTH, 155.9 WESTTEST LOCATION - NEAR SOUTH KONA, BIG ISLAND TEST LOCATION - NEAR SOUTH KONA, BIG ISLAND TEST MAGNITUDE - 7.6TEST MAGNITUDE - 7.6


Sample ImageSample Image


Sample GraphicSample Graphic


EMWIN in the PacificEMWIN in the Pacific

• GOES West broadcastGOES West broadcast• PeaceSAT4 broadcastPeaceSAT4 broadcast

– Currently PeaceSAT4 rebroadcasts the entire EMWIN data-Currently PeaceSAT4 rebroadcasts the entire EMWIN data-streamstream

– Some customized products added for the PacificSome customized products added for the Pacific

• Provides advance warning of Tsunami and Provides advance warning of Tsunami and TyphoonsTyphoons

• Testimonials received have reported that after a Testimonials received have reported that after a severe event the only weather system still severe event the only weather system still functioning is EMWINfunctioning is EMWIN

• Many island nations already use EMWIN to save Many island nations already use EMWIN to save lives and propertylives and property


Why it works so wellWhy it works so well• The equipment is inexpensiveThe equipment is inexpensive

– An entire turnkey system costs as little as $1kAn entire turnkey system costs as little as $1k• System needs little to no infrastructureSystem needs little to no infrastructure

– Easy to run on a laptopEasy to run on a laptop– Ex. Solar powered version existsEx. Solar powered version exists

• Signal is “Weather Proof” due to L-Band transmissionSignal is “Weather Proof” due to L-Band transmission• Equipment is relatively compact and is very ruggedEquipment is relatively compact and is very rugged• The Data-stream is free, repeatable and can be customized The Data-stream is free, repeatable and can be customized

for local retransmissionfor local retransmission• EMWIN is non-proprietaryEMWIN is non-proprietary• Multiple inexpensive software display packages are Multiple inexpensive software display packages are

availableavailable• A large and knowledgeable user community to help monitor A large and knowledgeable user community to help monitor

performance and answer user questions (EMWIN user list)performance and answer user questions (EMWIN user list)• Transmission covers 3/4 of world surfaceTransmission covers 3/4 of world surface


EMWIN current specsEMWIN current specs

• Frequency on GOES - 1690.725 MHzFrequency on GOES - 1690.725 MHz• Modulation – Dual Frequency Shift Modulation – Dual Frequency Shift

Keying (DFSK)Keying (DFSK)• Speed - 9.6 kbpsSpeed - 9.6 kbps• Power – EIRP = 51 dBmiPower – EIRP = 51 dBmi

EMWIN website - EMWIN website - http://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/emwin/index.htmhttp://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/emwin/index.htm


Why is change necessary?Why is change necessary?• EMWIN shares spare bandwidth in the EMWIN shares spare bandwidth in the

existing WEFAX channelexisting WEFAX channel• The EMWIN/WEFAX broadcast was allowed to The EMWIN/WEFAX broadcast was allowed to

exceed UN ITU authorized power level by exceed UN ITU authorized power level by special exceptionspecial exception

• NESDIS GOES N/Q series will use all of former NESDIS GOES N/Q series will use all of former WEFAX channel bandwidth for new Low Rate WEFAX channel bandwidth for new Low Rate Information Transfer (LRIT) broadcastInformation Transfer (LRIT) broadcast

• Must move EMWIN to its own channel, at Must move EMWIN to its own channel, at reduced powerreduced power


What must change?What must change?• With advent of GOES-N/P satellite generationWith advent of GOES-N/P satellite generation

– Broadcast power must be reduced to comply with ITU Broadcast power must be reduced to comply with ITU power limits:power limits:• From: 51.0 dBmi (minimum EIRP)From: 51.0 dBmi (minimum EIRP)• To: 44.8 dBmi (minimum EIRP)To: 44.8 dBmi (minimum EIRP)

– Frequency must change:Frequency must change:• From: 1690.725 MHzFrom: 1690.725 MHz• To:To: 1692.700 MHz 1692.700 MHz

– Modulation must change to partly offset reduction in Modulation must change to partly offset reduction in broadcast power:broadcast power:• From: DFSK modulationFrom: DFSK modulation• To: OQPSK modulationTo: OQPSK modulation

– Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding added to offset Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding added to offset balance of power reduction and allow increased data balance of power reduction and allow increased data raterate


When When CouldCould Changes Occur? Changes Occur?

• 2005 - 20112005 - 2011– GOES-N launch GOES-N launch

•Official date: March 31/April 1 2005Official date: March 31/April 1 2005

•Unofficial date: Not Earlier Than (NET) July 2005Unofficial date: Not Earlier Than (NET) July 2005

– GOES-N OperationalGOES-N Operational•First broadcast of new EMWIN-N service:First broadcast of new EMWIN-N service:

– As As earlyearly as 6-8 months after GOES-N launch as 6-8 months after GOES-N launch– As As latelate as early 2011 as early 2011– Depends on fuel usage and subsystem health for Depends on fuel usage and subsystem health for

both GOES 11 and GOES 12both GOES 11 and GOES 12


GOES N/P EMWIN Transition GOES N/P EMWIN Transition ObjectivesObjectives• Listen to users & vendorsListen to users & vendors

– Keep them informed of changesKeep them informed of changes

• Prepare and update a transition planPrepare and update a transition plan– Provide adequate time for changes to be Provide adequate time for changes to be

mademade

• Establish an overall system design Establish an overall system design – Develop a proof-of-concept prototype Develop a proof-of-concept prototype

receiverreceiver– Release schematics and operating software Release schematics and operating software

to industry for individual design and to industry for individual design and productionproduction


Informing & ListeningInforming & Listening

• EMWIN website - EMWIN website - http://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/emwin/index.htmhttp://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/emwin/index.htm

• EMWIN user groupsEMWIN user groups

• Local outreach programsLocal outreach programs– Via Warning Coordination Meteorologists in Via Warning Coordination Meteorologists in

Weather Forecast OfficesWeather Forecast Offices

• Special conferencesSpecial conferences– User-vendor conferencesUser-vendor conferences– International forums and meetingsInternational forums and meetings


Informing & Listening cont’dInforming & Listening cont’d

• Provided latest information on transition Provided latest information on transition planningplanning

• Demonstrated feasibility of a 9.6 kbps Demonstrated feasibility of a 9.6 kbps prototype software-defined receiver design prototype software-defined receiver design

• Users and vendors urged:Users and vendors urged:– Increasing the system data rate to 19.2 kbpsIncreasing the system data rate to 19.2 kbps– Keeping transition costs as low as possibleKeeping transition costs as low as possible– Making EMWIN data stream available as part of Making EMWIN data stream available as part of

LRITLRIT


Informing & Listening cont’dInforming & Listening cont’dUser-Vendor RecommendationsUser-Vendor Recommendations

• User & vendor recommendations accepted User & vendor recommendations accepted by NWS and NESDISby NWS and NESDIS– NESDIS has determined technical feasibility of NESDIS has determined technical feasibility of

19.2 kbps data rate19.2 kbps data rate– Prototype software-defined receiver design Prototype software-defined receiver design

being amended & expected to be ready for being amended & expected to be ready for testing in January, 2005testing in January, 2005

– Design will incorporate new features intended Design will incorporate new features intended to lower costs for commercial vendorsto lower costs for commercial vendors

– Planning in progress to include EMWIN data Planning in progress to include EMWIN data stream in LRIT broadcastsstream in LRIT broadcasts


Transition PlanningTransition Planning

• NOAA joint NWS/NESDIS co-ordination NOAA joint NWS/NESDIS co-ordination teamteam– Formed to plan the transition activitiesFormed to plan the transition activities– NWS is focal point for public contactNWS is focal point for public contact– NESDIS responsible for prototype receiver NESDIS responsible for prototype receiver

development and testingdevelopment and testing

• Initial transition plan approved in Initial transition plan approved in December, 2003December, 2003– Updated version now in preparation Updated version now in preparation


Overall System DesignOverall System Design• Existing EMWIN on GOES I/MExisting EMWIN on GOES I/M

– 9.6 kbps data rate9.6 kbps data rate– Dual frequency shift keying (DFSK)Dual frequency shift keying (DFSK)– No forward error correctionNo forward error correction

• Changes for GOES N/PChanges for GOES N/P– Proposed link budget on NWS EMWIN web siteProposed link budget on NWS EMWIN web site– Increased data rate to 19.2 kbps will require Increased data rate to 19.2 kbps will require

changing modulation scheme to offset changing modulation scheme to offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK)quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK)

– Reduced broadcast power will require forward Reduced broadcast power will require forward error correctionerror correction•Convolutional rate ½ + Reed-Solomon FECConvolutional rate ½ + Reed-Solomon FEC


Prototype Receiver DesignPrototype Receiver Design• Key design conceptsKey design concepts

– Minimum dish antenna size will be retained at Minimum dish antenna size will be retained at one meterone meter

– Hardware implementation scheme for Hardware implementation scheme for intermediate frequency conversionintermediate frequency conversion

– Use of OQPSK and forward error correction to Use of OQPSK and forward error correction to compensate for lower power levelcompensate for lower power level

– Software-defined receiver for demodulation Software-defined receiver for demodulation and decoding functionsand decoding functions

– Capable of receiving either existing GOES I/M Capable of receiving either existing GOES I/M signal or new GOES N/P signalsignal or new GOES N/P signal


Prototype Implementation Prototype Implementation ScheduleSchedule

• 20042004– Design and build 19.2 kbps prototypeDesign and build 19.2 kbps prototype– Begin factory testing of prototype Begin factory testing of prototype

• 20052005– Factory testing completeFactory testing complete– Bench testing of prototype at NOAA facilityBench testing of prototype at NOAA facility– Live testing of prototype using GOES-N satelliteLive testing of prototype using GOES-N satellite– GOES-N stored on-orbitGOES-N stored on-orbit– Release 19.2 kbps spec and design to industry Release 19.2 kbps spec and design to industry

for mass production of EMWIN stationfor mass production of EMWIN station

Fred BranskiFred Branski 2727January 21, 2005January 21, 2005

NOAANOAAInternational Satellite International Satellite

Communication SystemCommunication System(ISCS)(ISCS)

ISCS website - ISCS website - http://weather.gov/tg/iscscvr.htmlhttp://weather.gov/tg/iscscvr.html


The International Satellite The International Satellite Communications System (ISCS)Communications System (ISCS)

• Supports ICAO/WMO requirements (as a servicing World Area Forecast Center - WAFC).

• Global coverage– ISCS from 105 degrees east longitude to 65 degrees

east longitude (covering the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean).

– Remainder of the world coverage supported by United Kingdom WAFC through their satellite broadcast system called SADIS (primarily covers the European, Asian, and African continents as well as the Indian Ocean).


ISCS RMTN in RA-IVISCS RMTN in RA-IVAll users committed to sending and receiving All users committed to sending and receiving

datadata

• Shared space segment on communications Shared space segment on communications satellitesatellite

• NOAA pays for half of space segment costsNOAA pays for half of space segment costs• Half of space segment costs are shared Half of space segment costs are shared

between the other usersbetween the other users• In RA-IV there are 32 possible participants In RA-IV there are 32 possible participants

costs would vary with participationcosts would vary with participation• Billing is now on annual basisBilling is now on annual basis


Going Two-wayGoing Two-way

• Possible after initial installation of Possible after initial installation of ground equipmentground equipment

• Requires changes in satellite dish Requires changes in satellite dish feedhornfeedhorn

• Requires changes in connecting Requires changes in connecting hardwarehardware

• Will be at the expense of the siteWill be at the expense of the site


Benefits to Two-way Benefits to Two-way SystemsSystems• New workstations have built-in capacity New workstations have built-in capacity

to send and receive datato send and receive data

• Increased data exchange and Increased data exchange and opportunities to form partnershipsopportunities to form partnerships

• Potentially lower cost for a shared space Potentially lower cost for a shared space segmentsegment

• Increased data transmission speed, Increased data transmission speed, reliability, and access among two-way reliability, and access among two-way users users


Questions?Questions?

NOAA Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN)

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