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ONSITE CONTROLS TRAINING
www.sjerhombus.com
BASIC ELECTRICAL THEORY
WARNING!!ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD
Disconnect all power sources before servicing.
Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death.
WARNINGS
TERMINOLOGY & DEFINITIONS
VOLTS -the International System of Units (SI) unit of
electromotive force, the difference of potential that
would drive one ampere of current against one ohm
resistance.
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THINK OF VOLTAGE AS THE PRESSURE BEING PRODUCED BY THE PUMP, THINK OF THIS AS H.P.
Most of the electrical products for our market are Single Phase 120V or 230V
TERMINOLOGY & DEFINITIONS
AMPERE (AMPS)-The basic unit of electrical current in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one coulomb per second
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THINK OF CURRENT (AMPS) AS THE FLOW RATE, HOW FAST THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH THE PIPES. THINK OF THIS AS GAL/MIN
Most of our pump switch products can handle up to 13A, after that you can use a control panel
TERMINOLOGY & DEFINITIONS
OHM - electrical resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant potential difference applied between these points produces in this conductor a current of one ampere.The resistance in ohms is numerically equal to the magnitude of the potential difference. Symbol:Ω.
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THINK OF OHMS AS THE RESISTANCE THAT ACTS ON THE WATER. THE MORE RESTRICTIONS THE HIGHER THE RESISTANCE. THINK OF THIS AS TDH (TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD)
We use the Ohm scale to check if there is water in a float switch
• Motor Contactors
• Circuit Breakers
• Transformers
COMMON COMPONENTS
• A motor contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching an electrical power circuit, similar to a relay except with a higher current rating.
• A contactor is controlled by a circuit which can have a much lower power level than the switched circuit.
• A motor contactor coil is connected mechanically to the switching contacts, but separate electrically
• Normally open (no) and normally closed (nc) refer to the contact position in an unenergized state
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MOTOR CONTACTORS
MOTOR CONTACTORS
Full Voltage
Contactors
and Starters
NEMA Rated
IEC Style
Contactors
and Overloads
Definite Purpose
Contactors
Types DP, DPA and
SYD
10 Million Cycle
Rating
15 Million
Cycle Rating2.5 Million Cycle
Rating
CIRCUIT BREAKER - The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) defines a circuit breaker as a device designed to open and close a circuit, by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without injury to itself when properly applied within its rating.
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WHAT THIS MEANS TO US - A CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTECTS THE ASSOCIATED WIRING DURING A CATASTROPHIC MOTOR FAILURE DUE TO:
• GROUND FAULT• THERMAL OVERLOAD• SHORT CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Thermal-Magnetic
Molded Case
Thermal-Magnetic
Molded Case(Miniature)
Instantaneous
Trip/Magnetic Only/MCP
CIRCUIT BOARDS
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MICROPROCESSOR BASED ANALOG/RELAY LOGIC
METER USAGE
• Voltage Measurement• Meter Lead Locations
• AC and DC Settings
• Resistance Measurement• Meter Lead Locations
• Non-Powered Circuits Only
• Scaling Settings
• Amperage Measurement• Meter Lead Locations
• Scaling Settings
METER USAGE
• Pump switch circuit
• Control switch circuit
• Simple latching circuit
• Simple alarm circuit
SIMPLE CIRCUITS
Pump Switch vs. Control Switch
- Wide angle - Narrow angle
- High current rating - Low current rating
- Pump start-up rating - No pump start-up rating
- Directly controls a pump - Used with alarms/panels
- Piggy-back plug option
PUMP VS. CONTROL SWITCH
Tether Pumping Length Range
3.5 6.6
6 8.5
8 11
10 13
12 14
15 17
17 19
Pumping
Range
(inches)
Tether Length (inches)
Wide
Angle
PUMP SWITCHES
High Current Rating (up to 20 FLA)
Pump Start Rating
PUMP SWITCHES
High Current Rating (up to 20 FLA)
Pump Start Rating
PUMP SWITCHES
DIRECT WIRE PUMP SWITCH
Incoming Power
Pump Cord
Piggy-back
Plug
Pump
Cord
PUMP
FLOAT
PIGGY-BACK PLUG
TESTING PIGGY BACK PLUGS
Tether Length (inches)
Narrow
Angle
CONTROL SWITCHES
Low Current Rating (5 FLA or less)
CONTROL SWITCHES
Low Current Rating (5 FLA or less)
CONTROL SWITCHES
READING A SCHEMATIC
• Reading a schematic is like
reading a road map
• Find your starting point and
destination, then follow the
map
• Use your meter to check
circuits on the way
• The pump circuit provides power to the pump.
• The control circuit powers the motor contactor coil, etm’s, cc’s, pump run lights.
• The alarm circuit powers the horn & beacon, and can be combined with the control circuit, but should always be separate electrically from the pump circuit.
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SIMPLE CIRCUITS
PUMP CIRCUIT
CONTROL
CIRCUIT ALARM
CIRCUIT
FIELD WIRING
SECTION
ALARM CIRCUIT
SIMPLE LATCHING CIRCUIT
SIMPLE LATCHING CIRCUIT
SIMPLE LATCHING CIRCUIT
SIMPLE LATCHING CIRCUIT
SIMPLE LATCHING CIRCUIT
SIMPLE LATCHING CIRCUIT
CONTROL/PUMP CIRCUIT
INSTALLING CONTROL PANELS
Best Installation Practices
• Locate panel where it is easily accessible
CONTROL PANELS
Best Installation Practices
• Locate panel where it is easily accessible
• Use the proper drill bit when making penetrations in enclosure
• Avoid holes in top and sides of panel enclosure
INSTALLING CONTROL PANELS
CONDUIT STRAIN
Best Installation Practices
• Locate panel where it is easily accessible
• Use the proper drill bit when making penetrations in enclosure
• Avoid holes in top and sides of panel enclosure
• Use proper “Liquid tight” fittings on penetrations
• Seal conduits coming from sewage tank
• Seal off possible ground moisture into panel
CONTROL PANELS
Best Installation Practices
• Locate panel where it is easily accessible
•Use the proper drill bit when making penetrations in enclosure
• Avoid holes in top and sides of panel enclosure
• Use proper “Liquid tight” fittings on penetrations
• Seal conduits coming from sewage tank
• Seal off possible ground moisture from panel
• Mount float switches so they actuate freely
• Mount float switches so they can be easily removed
• Label float switch cables prior to pulling through conduit
CONTROL PANELS
THANK YOU