No - PBworksarpdcworkshops.pbworks.com/f/...Gizmo+List+by+Subje… · Web viewratios,...
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Conten t Title Description Keywords 1. ES 2D Eclipse Manipulate the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon to discover how eclipses happen. Observe the Moon and Sun from Earth during a lunar and solar eclipse, and understand the relationship between partial and total eclipses. The sizes of the three bodies and the Earth-Moon distance can be adjusted. eclipse, lunar, solar, moon, earth, sun, shadow, orbit, orbital, annular, partial, umbra, penumbra, corona, astronomy, space, dimension, dimensional, 2D, phase, system 2. ES 3D Eclipse Observe the motions of the Earth, Moon and Sun in three dimensions to investigate the causes and frequency of eclipses. Observe Earth?s shadow crossing the Moon during a lunar eclipse, and the path of the Moon?s shadow during a solar eclipse. The angle of the Moon?s orbit can be adjusted, as well as the distance of the Moon from the Earth. eclipse, lunar, solar, moon, earth, sun, shadow, orbit, orbital, annular, partial, umbra, penumbra, corona, astronomy, space, three, dimension, dimensional, 3D 3. ES Beam to Moon (Ratios and Proportions) Apply ratios and proportions to find the weight of a person on the moon (or on another planet). Weigh an object on Earth and on the moon and weigh the person on Earth. Then set up and solve the proportion of the Earth weights to the moon weights. ratios, proportions, weights, Earth, moon, cross-multiply, real-world, applications, masses, gravity, planets, solar- systems, fractions, arithmetic, models 4. ES Black Hole A game where you try to get small masses to hit a target. This is challenging since several "black holes" exert a gravitational force on the moving objects. game, gravity, gravitational, attraction, physics, physical 5. ES Coastal Winds and Clouds Learn about atmospheric conditions near a coast using basic observables: wind and temperature. Measure daily temperatures over both land and water near a coastline, along with the wind speed and direction. The conditions can be recorded at a variety of altitudes. clouds, wind, balloons, coastal, drift, thunderstorms, temperature, gradient, atmosphere, earth, physical 6. ES Earthquake - Determination of Epicenter Using multiple earthquake recording stations, determine the epicenter of an earthquake by analyzing the arrival of the primary and earthquake, seismic, activity, wave, primary, secondary, recording, LearnAlberta.ca Gizmo List (n = 165; Note: There are 2 versions of the Physical ) ) 1
Transcript of No - PBworksarpdcworkshops.pbworks.com/f/...Gizmo+List+by+Subje… · Web viewratios,...
No. Science Content Title Description Keywords
1. ES
2D Eclipse
Manipulate the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon to discover how eclipses happen. Observe the Moon and Sun from Earth during a lunar and solar eclipse, and understand the relationship between partial and total eclipses. The sizes of the three bodies and the Earth-Moon distance can be adjusted.
eclipse, lunar, solar, moon, earth, sun, shadow, orbit, orbital, annular, partial, umbra, penumbra, corona, astronomy, space, dimension, dimensional, 2D, phase, system
2. ES
3D Eclipse
Observe the motions of the Earth, Moon and Sun in three dimensions to investigate the causes and frequency of eclipses. Observe Earth?s shadow crossing the Moon during a lunar eclipse, and the path of the Moon?s shadow during a solar eclipse. The angle of the Moon?s orbit can be adjusted, as well as the distance of the Moon from the Earth.
eclipse, lunar, solar, moon, earth, sun, shadow, orbit, orbital, annular, partial, umbra, penumbra, corona, astronomy, space, three, dimension, dimensional, 3D
3. ES
Beam to Moon (Ratios and Proportions)
Apply ratios and proportions to find the weight of a person on the moon (or on another planet). Weigh an object on Earth and on the moon and weigh the person on Earth. Then set up and solve the proportion of the Earth weights to the moon weights.
ratios, proportions, weights, Earth, moon, cross-multiply, real-world, applications, masses, gravity, planets, solar-systems, fractions, arithmetic, models
4. ESBlack Hole
A game where you try to get small masses to hit a target. This is challenging since several "black holes" exert a gravitational force on the moving objects.
game, gravity, gravitational, attraction, physics, physical
5. ES
Coastal Winds and Clouds
Learn about atmospheric conditions near a coast using basic observables: wind and temperature. Measure daily temperatures over both land and water near a coastline, along with the wind speed and direction. The conditions can be recorded at a variety of altitudes.
clouds, wind, balloons, coastal, drift, thunderstorms, temperature, gradient, atmosphere, earth, physical
6. ESEarthquake - Determination of Epicenter
Using multiple earthquake recording stations, determine the epicenter of an earthquake by analyzing the arrival of the primary and secondary waves at each recording station. Real-time charts are generated, providing data that allows for the triangulation of the epicenter.
earthquake, seismic, activity, wave, primary, secondary, recording, station, chart, epicenter, earth, physical, geology
7. ES
Earthquake - Recording Station
Using an earthquake recording station, learn how to determine the distance between the station and an earthquake based on the time difference between the arrival of the primary and secondary waves. A real-time recording chart is generated, and the times between the waves can be measured.
earthquake, seismic, activity, wave, primary, secondary, recording, station, chart, epicenter, geology, earth, physical
8. ES
Gravitational Force
Drag two objects around and observe the gravitational force between them as the positions change. The mass of each object can be adjusted, and the gravitational force is displayed both vectorially and numerically as the distance between the objects is altered.
gravity, gravitational, force, inverse, square, masses, pull, physics, physical
LearnAlberta.ca Gizmo List (n = 165; Note: There are 2 versions of the Physical Array Gizmo, one being the classic.) version)Gizmo…one )
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9. ES
Greenhouse Effect
Within this simulated region of land, daytime's rising temperature and the falling temperature at night can be measured, along with heat flow in and out of the system. The amount of greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere can be adjusted over time, and the long term effects can be investigated.
greenhouse, effect, global, warming, carbon, dioxide, smog, pollution, air, quality, heat, flow, biology, life, earth, physical
10. ES
Herschel Experiment
Shine sunlight through a prism and measure the temperature in different regions of the spectrum using a thermometer wrapped in black tape. The thermometer can be dragged throughout the entire spectral area and even beyond the visible light. This real-world technique (developed by Friedrich Herschel in the 1700's) was used to investigate infrared light and, more recently, the spectrum of stars in our galaxy.
herschel, temperature, thermometer, sunlight, radiation, infrared, ultraviolet, cardboard, box, prism, spectrum, physics, physical
11. ES
Household Energy Usage
Explore the energy used by many household appliances, such as television sets, hair dryers, lights, computers, etc. Make estimates for how long each item is used on a daily basis to get an estimate for the total power consumed during a day, a week, a month, and a year, and how that relates to consumer costs and environmental impact.
power, electricity, environmental, impact, consumption, costs, household, earth, physical
12. ES
H-R Diagram
A collection of stars visible from Earth can be arranged based on many observables including color, luminosity, temperature, name and size. This can be done using one or two-dimensional plots, and a plot of luminosity vs. temperature can be created in an effort to learn about the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
hertzsprung, russell, stars, diagram, stellar, evolution, physics, physical
13. ES
Moon Phases
Gain an understanding of the phases of the Moon by observing the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun, along with a view of the Moon from the Earth. Learn about the face of the Moon viewed from Earth by studying the revolution and rotation of the Earth and the Moon.
moon, phase, full, new, sun, earth, orbit, period, rotation, earth, physical
14. ES
Moonrise, Moonset, and Phases
Gain an understanding of the Moonrise and Moonset times by observing the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun, along with a view of the Moon from the Earth. A line showing the horizon for a person standing on the Earth is displayed so the rise and set times can be easily recorded. Also, learn about the face of the Moon viewed from Earth by studying the revolution and rotation of the Earth and the Moon.
moon, phases, full, new, sun, earth, orbit, period, rotation, moonrise, moonset, earth, physical
15. ES
Ocean Mapping
Use a sonar on a boat to remotely measure the depth of an ocean at various locations. Gain an understanding on how topographical maps and 3D models are created after data collection, even when complete information is not provided (data can be limited).
ocean, mapping, measurement, depth, boat, water, technique, surveying, sonar, earth, physical
16. ES
Orbit Simulator
Planets orbit around the sun and moons orbit around planets due to gravitational forces acting on the objects. Manipulate the mass, position, and initial velocity for a range of "planets" in an effort to build a stable solar system.
orbital, motion, gravitational, force, gravity, astronomy, Kepler, kepler, earth, physical
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17. ES
Orbital Motion - Kepler's Laws
Learn Kepler's three laws of planetary motion by examining the orbit of a planet around a star. The initial position, velocity, and mass of the planet can be varied as well as the mass of the star.
Kepler's, Kepler, planetary, orbit, planet, sun, star, gravity, gravitation, force, centrifugal, solar, system, heliocentric, geocentric, eccentricity, space, ellipse, focus, period, semimajor, axis, conics, semi-major, period, distance, Newton, Galileo, Copernicus, astronomy, revolution, Earth, science, physics, physical
18. ES
Penumbra Effect
Observe how partial shadows are cast by multiple light sources. The number of light sources ranges from one to five, and lights can be turned on or off. The distance and diameter of the shadow-casting object can be varied, and the light intensity can be seen on a detector.
light, optics, optical, ray, eclipse, lunar, solar, moon, earth, sun, shadow, orbit, partial, umbra, penumbra, corona, astronomy, physics, space, three, dimension, dimensional, 3D, electromagnetism, wave, electromagnetic, ray
19. ES
Plate Tectonics
Move the Earth at various locations to observe the effects of the motion of the techtonic plates, including volcanic eruptions. Information about each of the major types of plate collisions is shown, along with the typical location on the Earth.
earthquake, seismic, volcano, divergent, boundaries, convergent, collisional, transform, crust, earth, physical
20. ESPorosity
Pour water on a variety of sediment samples to find how much water can be absorbed by the sample (porosity) and how easily water flows through the sample (permeability).
porous, porosity, dirt, sand, flow, rate, rock, silt, water, earth, physical
21. ES
Rock Classification
Try to classify a dozen different rock samples using just the appearance. Common characteristics of each major rock classification is provided to help in the classification. One can also attempt to classify the rocks by the location where they are commonly found in nature.
rock, classify, classification, appearance, description, descriptive, igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, earth, physical, geology
22. ES
Rock Cycle
Play the role of a piece of rock moving through the rock cycle. Select a starting location and follow many possible paths throughout the cycle. Facts about each location will be presented, along with images of particular types of rocks.
rock, cycle, magma, volcano, lava, dirt, sand, igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, earth, physical, geology
23. ES
Rotation/Revolution of Venus and Earth
Observe the motion of people standing on Venus and the Earth as the planets move around the sun. With the rotation and revolution of the planets (and the Earth's moon), the length of days and years on different planets can be measured, as well as the retrograde motion of Venus.
revolution, rotation, planet, orbit, solar, system, astronomy, astronomical, earth, moon, retrograde, earth, physical
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24. ES
Seasons Around the World
Use a three dimensional view of the Earth, Moon and Sun to explore seasonal changes at a variety of locations. Strengthen your knowledge of global climate patterns by comparing solar energy input at the Poles to the Equator. Manipulate Earth?s axis to increase or diminish seasonal changes.
earth, moon, sun, seasons, time, latitude, axis, orbit, revolution, rotation, sunrise, sunset, altitude, shadow, horizon, dimension, dimensional, 3D, hemisphere, northern, southern, equinox, solstice, north, pole, arctic, south, tropic, capricorn, equator, seasonality, climate, weather, temperature, solar, energy, summer, fall, autumn, winter, spring, day, month, year
25. ES
Seasons in 3D
Gain an understanding of the causes of seasons by observing the Earth as it orbits the Sun in three dimensions. Create graphs of solar intensity and day length, and use collected data to describe and explain seasonal changes.
earth, moon, sun, summer, fall, autumn, winter, spring, day, month, year, seasons, time, latitude, axis, orbit, revolution, rotation, sunrise, sunset, altitude, azimuth, shadow, horizon, dimension, dimensional, 3D, hemisphere, northern, southern, equinox, solstice, north, pole, arctic, south, tropic, capricorn, equator, seasonality, climate, weather, temperature, solar, energy, march, june, september, december
26. ES
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Observe the motions of the Earth, Moon and Sun in three dimensions to explain Sunrise and Sunset, and to see how we define a day, a month, and a year. Compare times of Sunrise and Sunset for different dates and locations. Relate shadows to the position of the Sun in the sky, and relate shadows to compass directions.
earth, moon, sun, seasons, time, latitude, axis, orbit, revolution, rotation, sunrise, sunset, altitude, azimuth, shadow, horizon, dimensions, dimensional, 3D, hemisphere, northern, southern, month, year, day, compass, direction
27. ES
Seasons: Why do we have them?
Learn why the temperature in the summertime is higher than it is in the winter by studying the amount of light striking the Earth. Experiment with a plate detector to measure the amount of light striking the plate as the angle of the plate is adjusted (and then use a group of plates placed at different locations on the Earth) and measure the incoming radiation on each plate.
sunlight, seasons, winter, summer, temperature, reflection, earth, physical
28. ES
Solar System Explorer
Step through the solar system, observing the length of a year and the orbital path of each object. The positions of the eight official planets are displayed, as well as one dwarf planet, Pluto. Learn about Kepler's Laws, when planets will align, and why space probes are often launched at certain times.
solar, system, planets, earth, orbits, periods, years, ellipse, circular, kepler, radius, physical, earth, astronomy, dwarf
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29. ES
Star Spectra
Analyze the spectra of a variety of stars. Determine the elements that are represented in each spectrum, and use this information to infer the temperature and classification of the star. Look for unusual features such as red-shifted stars, nebulas, and stars with large planets.
Star, spectrum, spectra, astronomy, earth, science, light, color, wave, wavelength, nebula, galaxy, planet, red, shift, Hubble, telescope, binary, bang, giant, dwarf, nova, supernova, sequence, Hertzsprung, Russell, electromagnetic, helium, hydrogen, prism, ionic, sodium, flame
30. ES
Tides
Gain an understanding of high, low, spring, and neap tides on Earth by observing the tidal heights and the position of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Tidal bulges can be observed from space, and water depths can be recorded from a dock by the ocean.
tides, moon, sun, spring, neap, tidal, gravitational, gravity, centripetal, centrifugal, force, height, pier, dock, sinusoidal, trigonometry, sine, pulling, oceans, earth, physical
31. ES
Water Cycle
Control the path of a drop of water as it travels through the water cycle. Many alternatives are presented at each stage. Determine how the water moves from one location to another, and learn how water resources are distributed in these locations.
pollution, cycle, mountains, city, waterfall, evaporation, rivers, cities, circulation, water, environment, chemistry, physical, life, earth, biology, resources, phase, change, energy, wastewater, ice, snow, river, aquifer, reservoir, ocean, atmosphere, precipitation, condensation, runoff, wastewater
32. ES
Water Pollution
Get to know the four main types of pollution present in the environment, and then look at a variety of real–world examples as you try to guess what type of pollution is represented by each situation. All of the real–world situations can be viewed every day in different parts of the world.
water, pollution, society, earth, environmental, concerns, toxic, sediment, nutrient, bacterial, physical, life
33. LS
Building DNA
Construct a DNA molecule, examine its double helix structure, and then go through the DNA replication process. Learn how each component fits into a DNA molecule, and see how a unique, self-replicating code can be created.
DNA, dna, RNA, rna, enzyme, duplication, replication, rail, ladder, helix, chemistry, physical, biology, life, Watson, Crick, Franklin, genetics, code, heredity, codon, nucleoside, nucleotide, nitrogen, nucleic, nucleus, reproduction, adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, deoxyribose, phosphate
34. LS
Cell Division
Begin with a single cell and watch as mitosis and cell division occurs. The cells will go through the steps of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. The length of the cell cycle can be controlled, and data related to the number of cells present and their current phase can be recorded.
cell, division, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis, mitosis, biology, life, cellular, asexual, reproduction, nucleus, chromosomes, chromatin, spindle, membrane, centriole, organelle, reproduce, copy, centromere
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35. LS
Cell Energy Cycle
Explore the processes of photosynthesis and respiration that occur within plant cells. The cyclical nature of the two processes can be constructed visually, and the photosynthesis and respiration equations can be balanced in a descriptive and numerical format.
photosynthesis, cells, energy, cellular, plants, sunlight, sugar, respiration, carbon, dioxide, chemicals, physical
36. LS
Cell Structure
Select sample cells from a plant or animal and place the cells on a microscope to look inside the cells. Information about their common structures is provided (and the structures are highlighted), but you will need to move your microscope slide to find all the different structures.
cells, plants, animals, structure, parts, vocabulary, microscope, slide, hand, skin, life, biology
37. LS
Chicken Genetics
Breed "pure" chickens with known genotypes that exhibit specific feather colors, and learn how traits are passed on via codominant genes. Chickens can be stored in cages for future breeding, and the statistics of feather color are reported every time the chickens breed. Punnet squares can be used to predict results.
chicken, house, breed, pure, feathers, genetics, codominance, codominant, probability, statistics, genes, alleles, traits, punnet, life, biology
38. LS
Disease Spread
Observe the spread of disease through a group of people. The methods of transmission can be chosen and include person to person, airborne, and foodborne as well as any combination thereof. The probability of each form of transmission and number of people in the group can also be adjusted.
disease, germ, people, spread, sick, pathogen, healthy, outbreak, biology, life, exponential, bacteria, virus, viral, sickness, illness, sneeze, cough, legionnaires, food, poisoning, flu
39. LS
DNA Fingerprint Analysis
Perform DNA scans on frogs to learn how differences and similarities in the scans can be used to identify physical characteristics of the frogs. This technique of scanning is what provides the "DNA fingerprint," which is becoming more commonplace in today's society. The DNA of twin frogs can also be studied to see how the scans compare.
DNA, analysis, fingerprint, frogs, scan, biology, life
40. LS
Drug Dosage
A drug prescription must be carefully planned to maximize benefit while avoiding an overdose. In this Gizmo, you can give a patient one or more pills, and monitor the levels of medication in the body through time. Based on the reaction of the patient, determine the ideal levels of medication. Create a dosage schedule so these levels are maintained through time. Four types of pills, each with a different release pattern and target organ, are available for use. Elimination of the drug provides a good example of exponential decay.
drug, dose, dosage, elimination, milligram, health, life, human, overdose, aspirin, pain, injury, medicine, medication, overmedicate, medicate, hospital, intravenous, hear, blood, organ, system, homeostasis, urinate, urination, urine, excretion, excretory, liver, react, body, kidney, tissue, intake, absorption, release
41. LS
Dye Elimination
When a foreign substance such as a drug is ingested, it often remains in the bloodstream for a long time. This Gizmo models the elimination of substances from the bloodstream using water and dye. Add dye to a container of water, and then add beakers of pure water while removing beakers of dyed water. The amount of dye remaining is recorded after each cycle. The volumes of all containers can be adjusted, as well as the amount of dye used. This provides a good example of exponential decay.
beaker, dye, bowl, water, solution, diffusion, diffuse, drug, dose, dosage, elimination, milligram, health, life, human, overdose, aspirin, pain, injury, medicine, medication, overmedicate, medicate, hospital, intravenous, hear, blood, organ, system, homeostasis, urinate, urination, urine, excretion, excretory, liver, react, body, kidney, tissue
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42. LSEffect of Environment on New Life Form
Using the scientific method, control the environmental conditions for an unknown species in order to learn how the species responds to changes in conditions. Sunlight, water, and temperature can be controlled as the average thickness of the aliens torso is measured.
aliens, flying, saucer, environment, variables, conditions, response, biology, life
43. LSEffect of Temperature on Gender
Determine the gender of birds and geckos as they hatch in an incubation chamber. Control the temperature of the chamber, and record data to determine if the temperature has an effect on the gender of either species.
gender, sex, temperature, effect, hatch, egg, gecko, bird, incubation, incubate, biology, life
44. LS
Estimating Population Size
Adjust the number of fish in a lake to be tagged and the number of fish to be recaptured. Use the number of tagged fish in the catch to estimate the number of fish in the lake.
samples, data, results, populations, experiments, extrapolations, estimations, ratios, proportions, predictions, probability, fish, tags, statistics
45. LS
Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Observe evolution in a fictional population of bugs. Set the background to any color, and see natural selection taking place. Inheritance of color occurs according to Mendel's laws and probability. Mutations occur at random, and probability of capture by predators is determined by the insect's camouflage.
Evolution, mutation, natural, selection, variation, overproduction, Darwin, theory, life, science, biology, Mendel, genetics, chromosome, gene, allele, color, camouflage, insect, blend, rgb, survival, fittest, fitness, fit, competition, predation, predator, prey, hunt, bird, insectivore, hide, genotype, phenotype, artificial, design, intelligent, creationism
46. LS
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection
Observe evolution in a fictional population of bugs. Set the background to any color, and see natural selection taking place. Compare the processes of natural and artificial selection. Manipulate the mutation rate, and determine how mutation rate affects adaptation and evolution.
evolution, mutation, natural, breeding, variety, selection, variation, overproduction, Darwin, theory, life, science, biology, Mendel, genetics, chromosome, gene, allele, color, camouflage, insect, blend, rgb, cmyk, survival, fittest, fitness, fit, competition, predation, predator, prey, hunt, bird, insectivore, hide, genotype, phenotype, artificial, design, intelligent, creationism, adapt, adaptation
47. LS
Food Chain
In this ecosystem consisting of hawks, snakes, rabbits and grass, the population of each species can be studied as part of a food chain. Disease can be introduced for any species, and the number of animals can be increased or decreased at any time, just like in the real world.
food, chain, animals, species, natural, predator, ecosystem, biology, life, ecology, pyramid, energy, consumer, predation, prey, trophic, producer, autotroph, heterotroph, feedback, cycle, environment
48. LS Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Set the initial percentages of three types of parrots in a population and track changes in genotype and allele frequency through several generations. Analyze population data to develop an
biology, genetics, allele, parrot, incomplete, dominance, equilibrium, stability, hardy, weinberg, population,
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understanding of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Determine how initial allele percentages will affect the equilibrium state of the population.
gene, ecology, percent, mendelian, codominance, evolution, natural, selection, adaptation, adapt, dominant, recessive, life, science, heterozygous, homozygous, genotype, phenotype
49. LS
Human Evolution - Skull Analysis
Compare the skulls of a variety of significant human ancestors, or hominids. Use available tools to measure lengths, areas, and angles of important features. Each skull can be viewed from the front, side, or from below. Additional information regarding the age, location, and discoverer of each skull can be displayed.
human, evolution, evolve, fossil, skull, hominin, hominid, ape, chimpanzee, monkey, pan, troglodytes, neanderthal, homo, habilis, erectus, sapiens, floresiensis, heidelbergensis, cro, magnon, australopithecus, australopithecenes, paranthropus, zinjanthropus, africanus, bosei, afarensis, olduvai, Darwin, Leakey, Dart, Johanson, Lucy, Broom, Kimeu, Turkana, Peking, man, Java, Zhoukadian, Tattersall, Bouyssonie, Morwood, Flores, paleontologist, skeleton, paleontology, life, science, biology, natural, selection, cladogram, tree, species, genus, genera, speciation, age, radiometric, geology, sediments, preservation, fossilization
50. LS
Human Homeostasis
Adjust the levels of clothing, perspiration, and exercise to maintain a stable internal temperature as the external temperature changes. Water and blood sugar levels need to be replenished regularly, and fatigue occurs with heavy exercise. Severe hypothermia, heat stroke, or dehydration can result if internal stability is not maintained.
homeostasis, perspiration, exercise, endocrine, body, human, anatomy, balance, regulation, regulate, hypothermia, stroke, heat, sweat, gland, shiver, shivering, temperature, internal, external, life, science, biology, organ, systems, equilibrium, somatic, autonomic, nervous, voluntary, involuntary, conscious, unconscious, dehydration, sugar, blood
51. LS
Human Karyotyping
Sort and pair the images of human chromosomes obtained in a scan. Find differences in the scans of the various patients to find out specific things that can cause disease, as well as the gender of the person.
human, chromosome, male, female, disease, sort, karyotype, patient, subject, chemistry, physical, biology, life
52. LS
Identifying Nutrients
Use a variety of real-world lab tests to analyze common food samples in order to determine if the food is a carbohydrate, a protein, or a lipid. Tests that can be performed include: benedict, lugol, biuret, and sudan red.
nutrients, food, samples, test, tubes, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, benedict, lugol, biuret, sudan, life, chemistry
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53. LS
Interdependence of Plants and Animals
Discover how animals, plants, and sunlight interact to maintain a balance of gases in Earth?s atmosphere. Place aquatic plants and pond snails into sealed test tubes and incubate in a light or dark room. Measure concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide using the indicator brom thymol blue, and use this information to infer oxygen levels as well.
Biology, photosynthesis, respiration, plant, animal, oxygen, carbon, dioxide, CO2, O2, glucose, atmosphere, atmospheric, cycle, balance, dependence, interdependence, producer, consumer, autotroph, autotrophic, heterotroph, heterotrophic, elodea, anacharis, snail, brom, thymol, bromthymol, bromothymol, ecosystem, environment, global, greenhouse, concentration, indicator.
54. LS
Microevolution
Observe the effect of predators on a diverse population of parrots. The initial percentages and fitness levels of each genotype can be set. Determine how initial fitness levels affect genotype and allele frequencies through several generations. Test predictions about what initial conditions lead to equilibrium, and which lead to extinction.
biology, genetics, allele, parrot, incomplete, dominance, equilibrium, stability, hardy, weinberg, population, gene, ecology, percent, mendelian, codominance, evolution, natural, selection, adaptation, adapt, dominant, recessive, life, science, heterozygous, homozygous, genotype, phenotype
55. LS
Mouse Genetics
An introduction to mouse genetics where the basics of probability and statistics are presented before you choose which mice to breed for multiple generations. Determine the genetics that control the fur and eye color of the offspring.
mouse, mice, genetics, eye, fur, color, statistics, probability, house, punnett, squares, biology, life,
56. LS
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Breed "pure" mice with known genotypes that exhibit specific fur colors, and learn how traits are passed on via dominant and recessive genes. Mice can be stored in cages for future breeding, and the statistics of fur color are reported every time a pair of mice breed. Punnet squares can be used to predict results.
mouse, mice, genetics, fur, color, statistics, probability, house, punnet, squares, dominant, recessive, genes, traits, life, biology
57. LS
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)
Breed "pure" mice with known genotypes that exhibit specific fur and eye colors, and learn how traits are passed on via dominant and recessive genes. Mice can be stored in cages for future breeding, and the statistics of fur and eye color are reported every time a pair of mice breed. Punnet squares can be used to predict results.
mouse, mice, genetics, eye, fur, color, statistics, probability, house, punnet, squares, dominant, recessive, genes, allele, Mendel, trait, character, chromosome, Punnett, biology, life, independent-events, independent, genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, purebred, pea
58. LSNatural Selection You are a bird hunting moths (both dark and light) that live on trees.
As you capture the moths most easily visible against the tree surface, the moth populations change, illustrating the effects of natural selection.
moth, adaptation, evolution, pollution, environmental, impact, species, hunt, peck, peppered, life, biology, earth, physical, Darwin, selection, variety, adapt, predator, competition, survival, fittest, fitness, camouflage,
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life, science
59. LS
Osmosis
Adjust the concentration of a solute on either side of a membrane in a cell and observe the system as it adjusts to the conditions through osmosis. The initial concentration of the solute can be manipulated, along with the volume of the cell.
osmosis, concentration, cell, wall, blood, nucleus, size, explode, solution, equilibrium, biology, life, chemistry
60. LS
Paramecium Homeostasis
Observe how a paramecium maintains stable internal conditions in a changing aquatic environment. Water moves into the organism by osmosis, and is pumped out by the contractile vacuole. The concentration of solutes in the water will determine the rate of contractions in the paramecium.
paramecium, euglena, ameba, amoeba, homeostasis, hypertonic, hypotonic, concentration, regulation, water, membrane, osmosis, diffusion, vacuole, contractile, unicellular, protist , protista, protozoa, microorganism, solute, runoff, nutrient, salt, pond, life, biology, cell, transport, active
61. LS
Photosynthesis Lab
Study photosynthesis in a variety of conditions. Oxygen production is used to measure the rate of photosynthesis. Light intensity, carbon dioxide levels, temperature, and wavelength of light can all be varied. Determine which conditions are ideal for photosynthesis, and understand how limiting factors affect oxygen production.
photosynthesis, light, wavelength, plants, oxygen, carbon, dioxide, green, biology, life, chlorophyll, chloroplast, dark, reaction, glucose, water, temperature, wavelength, color, sun, Blackman
62. LSPopulations and Samples
Compare sample distributions drawn from population distributions. Predict characteristics of a population distribution based on a sample distribution and examine how well a small sample represents a given population.
frequency, histogram, population, distribution, statistics, stats, math, mean, sampling, stats, confidence, sample
63. LS
Rabbit Population by Season
Observe the population of rabbits in an environment over many years. The land available to the rabbits can be adjusted, as well as the weather conditions, in order to compare the effects of urban sprawl and unusual weather on wildlife populations.
rabbits, seasons, fence, population, winter, summer, fall, grass, yard, weather, human, sprawl, urban, farmland, biology, life, carrying, capacity, ecosystem, habitat, overpopulation, equilibrium, cycle
64. LS
Rainfall and Bird Beaks
Study the thickness of birds' beaks over a five year period as you control the yearly rainfall on an isolated island. As the environmental conditions change, the species must adapt (a real-world consequence) to avoid extinction.
rainfall, bird, beak, change, response, extinct, thickness, evolution, adaptation, biology, life, Darwin, adapt, finch, Galapagos, island, speciation, species, habitat, drought
65. LS
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Go through the process of synthesizing proteins through RNA transcription and translation. Learn about the many steps involved in protein synthesis including: unzipping of DNA, formation of mRNA, attaching of mRNA to the ribosome, and linking of amino acids to form a protein.
RNA, DNA, protein, synthesis, nucleus, enzyme, strand, mrna, transcription, translation, chemistry, physical, biology, life, Watson, Crick, amino, mutation
66. LS
Seed Germination
Perform experiments with several seed types to see what conditions yield the highest germination (sprouting) rate. Three different types of seeds can be studied, and the temperature, water and light in the germination chamber can be controlled. No two
seeds, plant, grow, sprouts, germination, germinate, biology, life
10
trials will have the same result, so repeated trials and data analysis can be used.
67. LS
Sight vs. Sound Reflexes
Measure your reaction time by clicking your mouse as quickly as possible when visual or auditory stimuli are presented. The individual response times are recorded, as well as the average and standard deviation for each test. A histogram of data shows overall trends in sight and sound response times. The type of test as well as the symbols and sounds used are chosen by the user.
sight, sound, reflexes, response, time, life, reaction, response, stimulus, stimuli, nerve, neuron, nervous, human, behavior, conditioning, learn, learning, somatic, voluntary, involuntary, motor, sense, sensory, hear, ear, see, eye, eyesight, organ, test, science, biology, statistics, standard, deviation, spread, variance, mean, average, scientific, method, histogram, normal, curve, experiment, fair, project
68. LS
Virus Life Cycle (Lytic)
Release a lytic virus in a group of cells and observe how cells are infected over time and eventually destroyed. Data related to the number of healthy cells, infected cells, and viruses can be recorded over time to determine the time required for the virus to mature within a cell.
virus, virii, viruses, disease, hiv, infected, cells, life, biology, exponential
69. Measurement
Triple Beam Balance
Learn how to determine the mass of an object using a triple beam balance. The mass of a variety of objects can be determined using this simulated version of a common real-world laboratory tool for measurement.
balance, weight, scale, triple, beam, mass, measurement, device chemistry, physical, physics
70. PS
2D Collisions
Investigate elastic collisions in two dimensions using two frictionless pucks. The mass, velocity, and initial position of each puck can be modified to create a broad array of scenarios.
collisions, elastic, pucks, frictionless, momentum, conservation, kinetic, energy, vectors, physics, momenta, friction, two, dimensions, vector, physical, component, collide, center, mass, speed, velocity
71. PS
Additive Color v2
Control red, green, and blue spotlights (primary colors or RGB). Observe the additive colors as the spotlights overlap. The intensity of the red, green, and blue lights can be adjusted, and the RGB value of the overlap region can be measured.
color, addition, additive, RGB, spotlight, rgb, physics, physical
72. PSAdditive Colors
Control red, green, and blue spotlights (primary colors or RGB). Observe the additive colors as the spotlights overlap.
color, addition, additive, RGB, rgb, spotlight, physics, physical,
73. PS
Advanced Circuits
Build compound circuits with series and parallel elements. Calculate voltages, resistance, and current across each component using Ohm's law and the equivalent resistance equation. Check your answers using a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter. Learn the function of fuses as a safety device.
physics, electricity, electrical, electric, circuit, ohm, ohmmeter, ampere, amp, ammeter, resistor, resistance, current, electron, volt, voltmeter, voltage, potential, energy, light, bulb, wire, fuse, switch, battery, meter, board, parallel, series, faraday, volta, Edison, power, watt,
11
wattage, breaker, short
74. PS
Air Track
Adjust the mass and velocity of two gliders on a frictionless air track. Measure the velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy of each glider as they approach each other and collide. Collisions can be elastic or inelastic.
air, track, momentum, energy, conservation, restitution, collision, elastic, elasticity, glider, friction, motion, velocity, mass, physics, physical, science
75. PS
Atwood Machine
Measure the height and velocity of two objects connected by a massless rope over a pulley. Observe the forces acting on each mass throughout the simulation. Calculate the acceleration of the objects, and relate these calculations to Newton?s Laws of Motion. The mass of each object can be manipulated, as well as the mass and radius of the pulley.
atwood, machine, pulley, mass, force, motion, Newton, acceleration, velocity, height, energy, friction, physics, physical, vector, kilogram, gravity, gravitation, kinetic, kinetics, potential, resistance, inertia, torque, rotation
76. PS
Balancing Chemical Equations
Attempt to balance specific types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement. While balancing the reactions, the number of atoms on each side is presented as visual, histogram, and numerical data.
chemistry, equations, balance, reaction, combination, decomposition, replacement, single, double, chemical, physical
77. PSBasic Prism (Classic)
Explore Snell's Law by shining white light, or light of a specific frequency, through a prism. The angle of incidence and refraction can be measured.
Snell, snell, prism, angle, incidence, refraction, optics, physics, physical
78. PS
Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Shoot a stream of photons through a container of hydrogen gas. Observe how photons of certain energies are absorbed, causing changes in the orbits of electrons. Build the spectrum of hydrogen based on photons that are absorbed and emitted.
chemistry, physics, atom, atomic, electron, energy, level, orbital, bohr, einstein, heisenberg, rutherford, thomson, configuration, absorb, absorption, emit, emission, photon, quantum, quanta, laser, spectrum, spectra, light, radiation, prism, photoelectric, planck, lewis, periodic, bond, chemical
79. PS
Bohr Model: Introduction
Fire photons to determine the spectrum of a gas. Observe how an absorbed photon changes the orbit of an electron, and how a photon is emitted from an excited electron. Calculate the energies of absorbed and emitted photons based on energy level diagrams. The light energy produced by the laser can be modulated, and a lamp can be used to view the entire absorption spectrum at once.
chemistry, physics, atom, atomic, electron, energy, level, orbital, Bohr, Einstein, Heisenberg, Rutherford, configuration, absorb, absorption, emit, emission, photon, quantum, quanta, laser, spectrum, spectra, light, radiation, prism, physical, gas
80. PS
Boyle's Law and Charles' Law
Investigate the properties of an ideal gas by performing experiments in which the temperature is held constant (Boyle's Law), and others in which the pressure remains fixed (Charles' Law). The pressure is controlled through the placement of masses on the lid of the container, and temperature is controlled with an adjustable heat source.
Boyle, Charles, gas, law, pressure, volume, temperature, ideal, chemistry, physical
12
81. PS
Calorimetry Lab
Investigate how calorimetry can be used to find relative specific heat values when different substances are mixed with water. Modify initial mass and temperature values to see effects on the system. One or any combination of the substances can be mixed with water. A dynamic graph (temperature vs. time) shows temperatures of the individual substances after mixing.
calorimetry, chemistry, physical, specific, heat, temperature, calorimeter, energy, mixing, change, transfer, substance, mass, thermochemistry, thermodynamics, unknown, algebra, thermo, calorie
82. PS
Center of Mass
Drag blocks onto a two-dimensional surface and observe the effects on the center of mass. Use a grid to calculate the coordinates of the center of mass. Investigate predefined shapes or your own arrangements of blocks.
center, mass, barycenter, centroid, median, physics, rotation, moment, inertia, torque, torsion, rotate, gravity, sun, earth, moon, Pluto, solar, Calder, mobile, sculpture, physics, block, physical, science
83. PS
Chemical Equation Balancing
Practice balancing chemical equations by changing the coefficients of reactants and products. As the equation is manipulated, the amount of each element is shown as individual atoms, histograms, or numerically. Molar masses of reactants and products can also be calculated and balanced to demonstrate conservation of mass.
chemistry, chemical, element, mass, atom, atomic, conservation, equation, balance, balancing, formula, reaction, reactant, product, mole, molar, molarity, molecule, compound, polyatomic, coefficient, subscript, acid, salt, ionic, covalent, diatomic, bond, synthesis, combination, replacement, decomposition, combustion, periodic
84. PS
Circuits
Build electrical circuits using batteries, light bulbs, resistors, fuses, wires, and a switch. An ammeter, a voltmeter and an ohmmeter are available for measuring current, voltage and resistance throughout the circuit. The voltage of the battery and the precision of the meters can be adjusted. Multiple circuits can be built for comparison.
electricity, circuits, resistors, parallel, series, amperes, ohms, light, bulbs, batteries, battery, ammeter, voltmeter, current, voltage, physics, physical
85. PS
Colligative Properties
Determine how the physical properties of a solvent are dependent on the number of solute particles present. Different solutes can be chosen and the concentration of the solute can be manipulated to determine the boiling point, freezing point, osmotic pressure and vapor pressure of pure water as well as various solutions.
colligative, property, properties, dissociation, chemistry, physical, molality, molarity, osmotic, vapor, pressure, boiling, freezing, melting, solute, solvent, temperature
86. PS
Collision Theory
Observe a chemical reaction with and without a catalyst. Determine the effect of concentration, temperature, surface area, and catalysts on reaction rate. Reactant and product concentrations through time are recorded, and the speed of the simulation is controlled by the user.
Collision, theory, kinetic, chemical, reaction, molecule, catalyst, enzyme, atom, element, chemistry, surface, area, temperature, Celsius, Kelvin, reactant, product, equilibrium, constant, rate, activation, energy, active, site, heat, lock, key, substrate, mole, molarity, molecular, concentration, half, life, Arrhenius, orientation
87. PS Coulomb ForcePlace fixed charges on a two-dimensional grid before firing a moving charge (velocity can be adjusted). The velocity of the
Coulomb, charge, force, repulsion, attraction, physics, physical
13
charge will be acted on and altered by the Coulomb forces.
88. PS
Coulomb Force (Static)
Drag two charged particles around and observe the Coulomb force between them as their positions change. The charge of each object can be adjusted, and the force is displayed both vectorally and numerically as the distance between the objects is altered.
Coulomb, physics, physical, charge, force, equilibrium, change, unknown, algebra, particle, interaction, magnitude, vector, direction, component, attraction, repulsion, attract, repel, electrostatics, neutral, static, electricity, field, positive, negative
89. PS
Covalent Bonds
Choose a substance and move electrons between atoms to build covalent bonds and molecules. Observe the orbits of shared electrons in single, double, and triple covalent bonds. Compare the completed molecules to the corresponding Lewis diagrams.
ammonia, atom, atomic, bohr, bond, carbon, chemistry, chlorine, cloud, compound, configuration, covalent, d, dalton, diagram, diatomic, dioxide, dot, double, electron, element, emission, energy, f, fluorescence, fluorine, hydrogen, joint, jump, level, lewis, methane, model, molecule, neutron, nitrogen, nucleus, orbit, orbital, oxygen, p, pair, particle, proton, quanta, quantum, radii, radius, represent, representation, s, share, silica, spontaneous, stability, stable, substance, theory, triple, unstable, valence, water
90. PS
Dehydration Synthesis
Build a glucose molecule, atom-by-atom, to learn about chemical bonds and the structure of glucose. Explore the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in carbohydrate molecules.
dehydration, synthesis, hydrolysis, chemistry, biochemistry, water, carbohydrate, protein, energy, glucose, maltose, amylose, monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide, molecule, molecular, structure, valence, biochemistry, organic, chemical, structure, chemical, formula, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, balance, balancing, equation, reactant, product
91. PS
Density Experiment: Slice and Dice
Drop a chunk of material in a beaker of water and observe whether it sinks or floats. Cut the chunk into smaller pieces of any size, and observe what happens as they are dropped in the beaker. The mass and volume of each chunk can be measured as a clear understanding of density, buoyancy, and floatation is investigated.
slice, dice, cut, density, float, sink, water, materials, buoyancy, chemistry, physical
92. PS
Density Lab
With a scale to measure mass, a graduated cylinder to measure volume, and a large beaker of liquid to observe floatation, the relationship between mass, volume, density, and floatation can be investigated. The density of the liquid in the beaker can be
mass, volume, density, float, sink, properties, matter, pail, bucket, liquid, physics, physical, chemistry,
14
adjusted, and many different objects can be studied during the investigation.
93. PS
Density Laboratory
With a scale to measure mass, a graduated cylinder to measure volume, and a large beaker of liquid to observe floatation, the relationship between mass, volume, density, and floatation can be investigated. The density of the liquid in the beaker can be adjusted, and a variety of objects can be studied during the investigation.
mass, volume, density, float, sink, properties, matter, pail, bucket, liquid, chemistry, physical, physics, bouyancy, Archimedes, Eureka, gold
94. PS
Density via Comparison
Using four beakers of different liquids with a known density, try to determine the density of a variety of unknown objects. Compare the buoyancy of each object in each beaker to determine an approximate value of density without knowing the mass or volume of the objects.
buoyancy, floatation, sinking, shelf, beakers, chemistry, physical
95. PSDetermining a Spring Constant
Place a pan on the end of a hanging spring, and continue to add additional objects with mass to the pan. As the string stretches the length of the spring can be measured. Using the data points, a best?fit line can be used to find the spring constant.
spring, constant, stretch, mass, pan, pull, physics, physical, linear, direct-variation
96. PS
Determining Density via Water Displacement
Drop objects in a beaker that is filled with water and measure the water that flows over the edge. Using Archimedes principle, the amount of water displaced by the floating objects and the water displaced when you force the object under water, will allow you to determine the density of the objects.
density, displacement, water, floatation, beaker, sink, archimedes, principle, physical, chemistry, eureka
97. PS
Diffusion
Explore the motion of particles as they bounce around from one side of a room to the other through an adjustable gap or partition. The mass of the particles can be adjusted, as well as the temperature of the room and the initial number of particles. In a real-world context, this can be used to learn about how odors travel, fluids move through gaps, the thermodynamics of gases, and statistical probability.
diffusion, equilibrium, particles, flow, rooms, statistics, statistical, probability, thermodynamics, physics, physical
98. PS
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-meter dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the velocity of the runner. Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. Also experiment with a graph of velocity versus time for the runners, and also distance traveled versus time.
rates, speeds, slopes, ratios, linear-functions, distance-time, rate-of-change, graphs, graphing, algebra, velocity, position
99. PS
Distance-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-meter dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the speed of the runner. What will the runner do if the slope of the line is zero? What if the slope is negative? Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs.
rates, speeds, slopes, ratios, linear-functions, distance-time, rate-of-change, graphs, graphing, algebra
100. PS Doppler Effect (1 source)
Visually observe sound waves produced by a moving source. Gain an understanding of the Doppler shift and recognize why the pitch
doppler, shift, effect, sound, wave, sonic, boom, train, whistle, physics,
15
of a train whistle changes as it passes and why a sonic boom occurs as planes travel at high speeds. physical
101. PSDoppler Effect (2 sources)
Control the velocity of two sound sources in which the wave crests are visually represented. As the sound sources move, interference patterns and evidence of the Doppler effect can be observed and measured.
doppler, shift, effect, sound, wave, sonic, boom, train, whistle, interference, pattern, physics, physical, ExploreScience
102. PS
Doppler Shift
Observe sound waves emitted from a moving vehicle. Measure the frequency of sound waves in front of and behind the vehicle as it moves, illustrating the Doppler effect. The frequency of sound waves, speed of the source, and the speed of sound can all be manipulated. Motion of the vehicle can be linear, oscillating, or circular.
doppler, shift, effect, sound, wave, sonic, boom, train, whistle, physics, physical, red, blue, Hubble, frequency, pitch, note, supersonic, SST, wavelength, motion, velocity
103. PS
Doppler Shift Advanced
Derive an equation to calculate the frequency of an oncoming sound source and a receding sound source. Also, calculate the Doppler shift that results from a moving observer and a stationary sound source. The source velocity, sound velocity, observer velocity and sound frequency can all be manipulated.
Doppler, effect, shift, sound, frequency, pitch, hertz, wave, wavelength, tone, hearing, velocity, motion, measurement, radar, sonic, boom, jet, mach, physical, physics, science, quantitative, equation, derive, algebra
104. PS
Driven Harmonic Motion (1 mass)
A traditional lab where a sinusoidal driving force can be applied to a system consisting of a mass between two springs. Many variables can be adjusted, including oscillation frequency, the drag coefficient, and each spring constant, in an effort to find resonant frequencies.
frequency, spring, constant, driven, harmonic, resonant, sinusoidal, physics, physical
105. PS
Driven Harmonic Motion (2 masses)
A traditional lab where a sinusoidal driving force can be applied to a system consisting of two masses between three springs. Many variables can be adjusted, including oscillation frequency, the drag coefficient, and each spring constant, in an effort to find resonant frequencies.
frequency, spring, constant, driven, harmonic, resonant, sinusoidal, physics, physical
106. PS
Electron Configuration
Create the electron configuration of any element by filling electron orbitals. Determine the relationship between electron configuration and atomic radius. Discover trends in atomic radii across periods and down families/groups of the Periodic Table.
Aufbau, Pauli, exclusion, hund, electron, proton, neutron, nucleus, configuration, atomic, atom, radii, radius, number, Bohr, Heisenberg, model, principle, energy, level, valence, subatomic, particle, proton, atom, periodic, table, family, group, period, element, trend, sublevel, orbital, shell, subshell, quantum, quanta, chemistry, physics
107. PS
Element Builder
Use protons, neutrons, and electrons to build elements. As the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons changes, information such as the name and symbol of the element, the Z, N, and A numbers, the electron dot diagram, and the group and period from the periodic table are shown. The state of the element at room temperature is provided, along with the metallicity of the element.
periodic, table, elements, protons, neutrons, electrons, shell, solid, liquid, gas, chemistry, physical
16
108. PSEnergy Conversion in a System
Allow a falling object to stir a beaker of water using a pulley system. The mass and height of the object, and the quantity of water can be adjusted. The temperature of the water is measured as energy is being converted from one form to another.
energy, conversion, heat, pulley, dropping, temperature, water, swirl, system, physics, physical, chemistry
109. PS
Energy of a Pendulum
Perform experiments with a pendulum to gain an understanding of energy conservation in simple harmonic motion. The gravity, length and mass of the pendulum can be adjusted, as well as the initial starting angle of the pendulum. Data (tables, bar chart, and graphs) of the potential and kinetic energies are shown as the pendulum oscillates.
pendulum, period, oscillation, oscillate, harmonic, potential, kinetic, energy, conserve, conservation, physics, physical
110. PS
Exponential Growth and Decay - Activity A
Explore the graph of the exponential growth or decay function. Vary the initial amount and the rate of growth or decay and investigate the changes to the graph.
exponentials, nonlinear, non-linear, system, exponents, exponential-functions, bases, coefficients, x-intercepts, y-intercepts, graphs, graphing, growth, decay, interest, principles, initial-amounts, rates, times, logarithms, logarithmic, intersections, algebra
111. PS
Fan Cart Physics
Gain an understanding of Newton's Laws by experimenting with a cart (on which up to three fans are placed) on a linear track. The cart has a mass, as does each fan. The fans exert a constant force when switched on, and the direction of the fans can be altered as the position, velocity, and acceleration of the cart are measured.
newton, Newton, laws, cart, fan, push, force, velocity, acceleration, physics, physical, position, velocity, acceleration
112. PS
Fermat's Principle
A "person" travels across the screen from one side to the other. The maximum velocity can be adjusted in each half of the screen, and the direction of motion can be controlled as the person walk or runs. Explore Fermat's principle in this real-world application as a person tries to minimize the time required for a trip.
Fermat, straight, line, minimize, time, quickest, fastest, trip, fermat, physics, physical
113. PSForce on a Wing
Using an airplane wing placed in a wind tunnel, observe the magnitude of both the lift and drag forces acting on the wing as the angle of attack is adjusted.
drag, lift, airplane, wing, forces, thrust, physics, physical
114. PSFreefall Lab - Terminal Velocity
Investigate the motion of a ball, including terminal velocity, as it is dropped to the ground. The mass, radius, and initial height of the ball can be changed (along with the air density and vertical wind speed) as the position, velocity, and acceleration are measured.
freefall, drag, air, resistance, bounce, terminal, velocity, acceleration, gravity, physics, physical, freefall
115. PS
Freefall Laboratory
Investigate the motion of an object as it falls to the ground. A variety of objects can be compared, and their motion can be observed in a vacuum, in normal air, and in denser air. The position, velocity, and acceleration are measured through time, and the forces on the object can be displayed. Using the manual settings, the mass, radius, height, and initial velocity of the object can be adjusted, as well as the air density and wind.
free, fall, drop, plummet, accelerate, acceleration, gravity, gravitation, height, time, drag, buoyancy, resistance, terminal, velocity, parachute, force, universal, law, Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, physics, physical, shuttlecock, badminton, tennis, rock, cotton
116. PS Freezing Point of Salt Water
Control the temperature of a beaker of water. As the temperature drops below the freezing point, a transformation of state will occur
freezing, freeze, states, change, solid, liquid, salt, ice, water,
17
which can be viewed on a molecular level. Salt can be added to the water to see its effect on the freezing point of water. molecular, chemistry, earth, physical
117. PS
Golf Range!
Try to get a hole in one by adjusting the velocity and launch angle of a golf ball. Explore the physics of projectile motion in a frictional or ideal setting. Horizontal and vertical velocity vectors can be displayed, as well as the path of the ball. The height of the golfer and the force of gravity are also adjustable.
Keywords: Golf, range, velocity, acceleration, gravity, force, gravitational, gravitation, air, resistance, projectile, trajectory, motion, launch, cannon, cannonball, missile, artillery, shoot, shot, angle, vector, physics, physical, Newton, newtonian, Galileo, parabola, freefall
118. PS
Half-life
Investigate the decay of a radioactive substance. The half-life and the number of radioactive atoms can be adjusted, and theoretical or random decay can be observed. Data can be interpreted visually using a dynamic graph, a bar chart, and a table. Determine the half-lives of two sample isotopes as well as samples with randomly generated half-lives.
Half, life, half-life, radioactive, radioactivity, radiometric, element, isotope, daughter, unstable, stable, decay, neutron, proton, nucleus, nuclear, energy, gamma, atom, atomic, emission, uranium, carbon, dating, carbon dating, fossil, age, time, absolute, date, science, physical, physics
119. PS
Hearing: Frequency and Volume
Test your hearing range by listening to low-, medium-, and high-frequency sounds. Compare the relative loudness of sounds at each frequency to create an equal-loudness curve. In a quiet room, measure your threshold of audibility for each frequency, and compare your results to others. The volume of each sound can be adjusted.
hear, hearing, decibel, frequency, hertz, sound, wave, level, sine, curve, graph, physics, physical, wavelength, threshold, music, pitch, tone, harmonic, ear, eardrum, deafness, deaf, tinnitus, tuning, range, listen, nerve, nervous, system, auditory, audio, oscilloscope, headphone, acoustics, db, phon, sone, amplitude, human
120. PS
Heat Transfer by Conduction
An insulated beaker of hot water is connected to a beaker of cold water with a conducting bar, and over time the temperature of the beakers becomes equal as heat flows through the conducting bar. The material of the conducting bar can be changed, and the temperature of each beaker is dynamically shown in various formats.
transfer, heat, conduction, bar, thermometer, beakers, physics, physical, chemistry
121. PS
Inclined Plane - Rolling Objects
Observe and compare objects of different shapes as they roll or slide down an inclined plane. Compare the percentages of translational and rotational kinetic energy for each object, and see how this affects how quickly each object moves. The slope of each ramp can be adjusted, and a variety of materials can be used for the objects and ramp.
roll, inclined, plane, rotational, kinetic, energy, potential, conservation, angular, moment, inertia, disk, sphere, ball, ring, physics, translational, ramp, rotate
122. PS
Inclined Plane - Simple Machine
Investigate how an inclined plane redirects and reduces the force pulling a brick downward, with or without friction. A toy car can apply a variable upward force on the brick, and the mechanical advantage and efficiency of the plane can be determined. A graph
inclined, plane, simple, machine, mechanical, advantage, work, friction, decomposition, force, potential, kinetic, energy, applied,
18
of force versus distance illustrates the concept of work.
physics, efficiency, ramp, free, body, diagram, weight, height, gravity, vector, decompose, physical, science, Newton, Galileo, brick, block
123. PS
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Investigate the energy and motion of a block sliding down an inclined plane, with or without friction. The ramp angle can be varied and a variety of materials for the block and ramp can be used. Potential and kinetic energy are reported as the block slides down the ramp. Two experiments can be run simultaneously to compare results as factors are varied.
plane, inclined, friction, slide, sliding, mu, brick, potential, kinetic, energy, conservation, velocity, ramp, inclination, physics, physical, science
124. PS
Interference Patterns
The wave crests of two sound sources are visually represented by concentric circles. The position of one sound source can be adjusted so that patterns of constructive and destructive interference can be observed.
interference, pattern, wave, crest, constructive, destructive, sound, physics, physical
125. PS
Intro to E & M
This introduction to the principles of electricity and magnetism provides an overview of static and moving charges, magnetism, creating electricity with magnets, magnetic fields produced by electrical currents, and a brief introduction to circuits.
electricity, magnetism, charge, static, moving, pole, circuit, lightning, physics, physical
126. PS
Intro to Plasma
An introduction to plasma and the states of matter. Topics presented include atoms, elements, molecules, states of matter, density, and units (conversion and scientific notation).
plasma, matter, states, atoms, molecules, elements, density, units, conversion, chemistry, physical, physics
127. PS
Ionic Bonds
Simulate ionic bonds between a variety of metals and nonmetals. Select a metal and a nonmetal, and transfer electrons from one to the other. Observe the effect of gaining and losing electrons on charge, and rearrange the atoms to represent the molecular structure. Additional metal and nonmetal atoms can be added to the screen, and the resulting chemical formula can be displayed.
chemistry, chemical, atom, element, ion, ionic, bond, bonding, electron, charge, attraction, repulsion, crystal, crystalline, affinity, valence, formula, salt, molecule, compound, metal, nonmetal
128. PS
Laser Reflection
Point a laser at a mirror and record the incoming angle as well as the angle after the reflection from the mirror. A protractor can be used to measure the angles of incidence and reflection, and the angle of the mirror can be adjusted. A beam splitter can be used to split the beam, and non-ideal mirrors can be used.
light, reflection, angle, incidence, reflected, protractor, laser, physics, physical
129. PS
Limiting Reactants
Explore the concept of limiting reactants, non-limiting reactants, and theoretical yield in a chemical reaction. Select from two different reactions, choose the number of molecules for the reactants, and then observe the products created and reactants left over.
limiting, reactants, chemistry, chemical, reaction, stoichiometry, molecule, balance, equations, yield, products, physical, reagents
130. PS
Longitudinal Waves
Observe the propagation of longitudinal (compression) waves in a closed or open tube with evenly-spaced dividers. The strength and frequency of the waves can be manipulated, or waves can be observed as individual pulses. Compare the movement of dividers to graphs of displacement, velocity, acceleration and pressure.
wave, longitudinal, long, compression, pressure, propagate, medium, sound, molecule, amplitude, wavelength, strength, pulse, displacement, interference, reflect, reflection, slinky, spring,
19
rarefaction, rarefy, echo, standing, sine, sinusoidal, air, seismic, p-wave, p, standing, resonate, resonance, node, antinode, harmonic, mechanical, tuning, fork, cork, tube, disk, divider, firecracker, fire, cracker, dynamite, physics, physical, science
131. PS
Moment of Inertia (Classic)
Wrap a string around a bike tire, run the string across a pulley, and place some mass at the end of the string. You will learn about the moment of inertia and rotational motion as the string pulls on the edge of the wheel, causing it to spin. Varying masses can be placed on the spokes of the bike tire.
moment, inertia, rotational, motion, wheel, physics, physical
132. PS
Mystery Powder Analysis
Perform multiple experiments using several common powders such as corn starch, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and gelatin. The results of the research on the known powders can the be used to analyze several unknowns using the scientific method. The unknowns can be a single powder or a combination of the known powders.
mystery, powder, corn, starch, test, tube, unknown, baking, soda, salt, gelatin, chemistry, physical
133. PS
Nuclear Decay
Observe the five main types of nuclear decay: alpha decay, beta decay, gamma decay, positron emission, and electron capture. Write nuclear equations by determining the mass number and atomic number of daughter products and emitted particles.
nuclear, decay, radiation, radioactivity, radioactive, physics, physical, chemistry, nucleus, nuclei, proton, electron, neutron, positron, alpha, beta, gamma, energy, weak, strong, quark, subatomic, atom, element, atomic, antimatter, uranium, radium, carbon, polonium, Curie, isotope, unstable, transmutation, cancer
134. PS
Period of a Pendulum
Perform experiments with a pendulum to gain an understanding of the period during simple harmonic motion. The gravity, length and mass of the pendulum can be adjusted, and data can be collected by measuring the time between swings of the pendulum.
pendulum, period, oscillation, oscillate, harmonic, time, physics, physical
135. PS
Period of a Pendulum - Large Angle
Perform experiments with a pendulum to gain an understanding of the period and the dependence on the angular range of the swing. The gravity, the length and mass of the pendulum, along with the initial angle (which can be very large) can be adjusted, and data can be collected by measuring the time between pendulum swings.
pendulum, period, oscillation, oscillate, harmonic, time, angle, large, physics, physical
136. PS
Period of Mass on a Spring
Perform experiments with a mass on the end of a spring to gain an understanding of the period during simple harmonic motion. The gravity, spring constant, and mass hanging from the spring can be adjusted, and data can be collected by measuring the time between oscillations of the mass.
spring, period, oscillation, oscillate, harmonic, time, constant, physics, physical
137. PS pH AnalysisTest the acidity of many common everyday substances using pH paper. Materials including soap, lemon juice, milk, and oven
acids, bases, rain, soap, lemon, tests, strips, acidity, chemistry,
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cleaner can be tested by comparing the color of the pH strips to the calibrated scale. physical
138. PSpH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator
Test the acidity of many common everyday substances using pH paper (four color indicators). Materials including soap, lemon juice, milk, and oven cleaner can be tested by comparing the color of the pH strips to the calibrated scale.
acids, bases, rain, soap, lemon, tests, strips, acidity, chemistry, physical
139. PS
Phase Changes
Explore the relationship between molecular motion, temperature, and phase changes. Compare the molecular structure of solids, liquids, and gases. Graph temperature changes as ice is melted and water is boiled. Find the effect of altitude on phase changes. The starting temperature, ice volume, altitude, and rate of heating or cooling can be adjusted.
Phase, change, freeze, freezing, melt, melting, boil, boiling, vapor, vaporization, condensation, graph, molecule, temperature, solid, liquid, gas, ice, water, steam, condensation, kinetic, velocity, heat, energy, thermodynamics, condense, chemistry, physics, physical
140. PS
Phased Array (Classic)
Using four closely spaced objects that produce waves, the spacing, frequency, and phase shift of each wave source can be adjusted. Wave crests from each source is visible, and with all four sources you can see regions of constructive interference that move over time. This is known as a phased array and has real?world applications such as radar and ultrasound.
phased, array, ultrasound, interference, constructive, shift, physics, physical
141. PS
Photoelectric Effect
Shoot a beam of light at a metal plate in a virtual lab and observe the effect on surface electrons. The type of metal as well as the frequency and intensity of the light can be adjusted. An electric field can be created to resist the electrons and measure their initial energies.
physics, electron, photoelectric, photo-electric, light, wave, quanta, quantum, work function, frequency, wavelength, intensity, voltage, potential, kinetic, energy, emission, emit, Einstein, Planck, metal
142. PS
Pith Ball Lab
Pith balls with positive, negative, or no electrical charge are suspended from strings. The charge and mass of the pith balls can be adjusted, along with the length of the string, which will cause the pith balls to change position. Distances can be measured as variables are adjusted, and the forces (Coulomb and gravitational) acting on the balls can be displayed.
coulomb, pith, charges, repel, repulsion, attraction, forces, gravitational, gravity, static, electricity, electrical, physics, physical
143. PSPotential Energy on Shelves
Compare the potential energy of several objects when you place them on shelves of different heights. Learn that two objects at different heights can have the same potential energy, while two objects at the same height can have different potential energy.
potential, energy, shelf, shelves, mass, paper, clip, physics, physical
144. PS
Pulley Lab
Use a pulley system to lift a heavy weight to a certain height. Measure the force required to lift the weight using up to three fixed and three movable pulleys. The weight to be lifted and the efficiency of the pulley system can be adjusted, and the height of the weight and the total input distance are reported.
simple, machine, pulley, work, force, joule, newton, weight, lift, block, tackle, energy, conservation, wheel, rope, system, efficiency, friction, physical, science, physics
145. PSRay Tracing
Rays traced from an object to an image are shown as an object is dragged around, and the height changed. The converging lens can be moved to different locations and the focal length of the lens can
converging, converge, lens, light, ray, tracing, image, object, focal, focus, length, earth, physical
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be adjusted.
146. PS
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Experiment with a dynamic lens. Manipulate the position of an object and measure the distance and size of the image cast by a lens of variable strength. Observe the focusing of various light rays emanating from the object.
lens, lenses, magnify, magnification, focal, curvature, optics, ray, tracing, rays, focus, convergence, apparent, virtual, image, inverted, principal, axis, glasses, Galileo, telescope, microscope, concave, convex, light, candle, refract, refraction
147. PS
Refraction
Determine the angle of refraction for a light beam moving from one medium to another. The angle of incidence and each index of refraction can be varied. Using the tools provided, the angle of refraction can be measured, and the wavelength and frequency of the waves in each substance can be compared as well.
wave, front, wavelength, frequency, peak, trough, normal, incidence, refraction, reflection, medium, substance, velocity, speed, particle, light, sound, pressure, rarefaction, compression, amplitude, length, angle, ray, physical, science, physics
148. PS
Roller Coaster Physics
Adjust the hills on a toy-car roller coaster and watch what happens as the car careens toward an egg (that can be broken) at the end of the track. The height of three hills can be manipulated, along with the mass of the car and the friction of the track. A graph of various variables of motion can be viewed as the car travels, including potential, kinetic, and total energies, and the x and y components of position, velocity, and acceleration.
roller, coaster, friction, energy, potential, kinetic, crack, egg, break, hills, physics, physical, position, velocity, acceleration
149. PS
See-Saw Torque
A see-saw lever is one type of a simple machine. Place up to four masses on a see-saw at different locations and try to balance the lever (equal torque on both sides of the fulcrum). The position of the fulcrum can be shifted.
torque, see-saw, seesaw, see saw, lever, simple, machine, balance, physics, physical
150. PS
Shoot the Monkey!
Fire a banana cannon at a monkey in a tree. The monkey drops from the tree at the moment the banana is fired from the cannon. Determine where to aim the cannon so the monkey catches the banana. The position of the cannon, launch angle and initial velocity of the banana can be varied. Students can observe the velocity vectors and the paths of the monkey and banana.
shoot, monkey, banana, hunter, blood, spatter, cannon, fall, free, freefall, free-fall, projectile, motion, velocity, component, vector, magnitude, horizontal, vertical, acceleration, gravity, launch, angle, initial, decompose, decomposition, project, throw, drop, Galileo, Newton, trigonometry, trig, sine, cosine, tangent, sin, cos, tan, theta, physics, physical, science
151. PS
Simple Harmonic Motion
Observe two different forms of simple harmonic motion: a pendulum and a spring supporting a mass. Use a stopwatch to measure the period of each as you adjust the gravity, spring constant, mass hanging from the spring, length of the pendulum, and mass of the pendulum.
pendulum, spring, period, oscillation, oscillate, harmonic, bounce, swing, physics, physical, frequency, watch, clock, k, Hooke, Huygens, Galileo, Harrison
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152. PS
Solubility and Temperature
Add varying amounts of a chemical to a beaker of water to create a solution, observe that the chemical dissolves in the water at first, and then measure the concentration of the solution at the saturation point. Either sodium chloride or potassium nitrate can be added to the water, and the temperature of the water can be adjusted.
solubility, dissolve, stir, saturation, beaker, temperature, chemistry, physical
153. PS
Sound Beats
Listen to sounds that have a similar frequency and you will hear pulses (or beats) due to the interference of the sound waves. After listening to beats caused by several known frequencies, you will use your knowledge to determine the frequency of unknown sounds. The beats are a common real-world application that is very useful when tuning musical instruments.
sound, beats, frequency, tones, frequencies, interference, physics, physical
154. PS
Sound Beats and Sine Waves
Listen to and see interference patterns produced by sound waves with similar frequencies. Test your ability to distinguish and match sounds as musicians do when they tune their instruments. Calculate the number of "sound beats" you will hear based on the frequency of each sound. [Note: Headphones are recommended for this Gizmo.]
hear, hearing, decibel, frequency, hertz, sound, wave, level, sine, curve, graph, physics, physical, wavelength, music, pitch, tone, harmonic, ear, eardrum, deafness, deaf, tinnitus, tuning, range, listen, nerve, nervous, system, auditory, audio, oscilloscope, headphone, acoustics, db, phon, sone, cosine, beat, interference, tartini, amplitude, human, harmonics, string, standing, harmony
155. PS
Stoichiometry
Solve problems in chemistry using dimensional analysis. Select appropriate tiles so that units in the question are converted into units of the answer. Tiles can be flipped, and answers can be calculated once the appropriate unit conversions have been applied.
stoichiometry, chemistry, chemical, equation, balance, mole, molar, molecule, atom, particle, reaction, molarity, molality, avogadro, compound, substance, particle, composition, reactant, product, conservation, dimensional, dimension, mass, volume, gram, liter, units, conversion
156. PS
Subtractive Color v2
Move spots of yellow, cyan, and magenta paint on a white surface. As the colors overlap, other colors can be seen due to color subtraction. The color of most things you see, such as cars, leaves, paintings, houses and clothes, are due to color subtraction. The intensity of the cyan, magenta, and yellow can be adjusted, and the RGB values at any location can be measured.
color, subtraction, subtractive, paint, splotches, blobs, RGB, rgb, physics, physical
157. PS
Subtractive Colors
Move spots of yellow, cyan, and magenta paint on a white surface. As the colors overlap, other colors can be seen due to color subtraction. The color of most things you see, such as cars, leaves, paintings, houses and clothes, are due to color subtraction. Observe what colors appear as different paint colors overlap.
color, subtraction, subtractive, paint, splotches, blobs, RGB, rgb, physics, physical
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158. PS
Temperature and Particle Motion
Observe the movement of particles of an ideal gas at a variety of temperatures. A histogram showing the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution is shown, and the most probable velocity, mean velocity, and root mean square velocity can be calculated. Molecules of different gases can be compared.
Temperature, molecule, particle, Maxwell, Boltzmann, distribution, statistical, mechanics, Kelvin, absolute, zero, Avogadro, velocity, kinetic, energy, heat, physics, chemistry, collision, speed, mass, motion, Celsius, gas, ideal
159. PS
Torque and Moment of Inertia
One of the simplest machines is a see-saw lever. Place up to eight objects on the lever at different locations and try to balance it. Calculate net torque and moment of inertia based on the positions of the objects and the mass of the bar. The mass of each object can be changed, and the fulcrum position can be shifted as well.
mass, newton, second, law, rotational, rotate, mechanics, kinematics, angular, momentum, moment, inertia, torque, balance, superposition, center, gravity, centroid, sum, frequency, physics, physical, mechanics, vector, force, seesaw, gravitational, weight, fulcrum, lever
160. PSTwo-Dimensional Harmonic Motion
A puck on a flat table is placed between four springs in the x/y plane. The mass, initial velocity, and position of the puck can be adjusted, as well as the spring constants. Explore the conditions needed to have linear, circular, or diagonal motion occur.
harmonic, motion, spring, force, vibration, vibrate, puck, physics, physical
161. PSUltrasound: How Does it Work?
Learn about the real-world principles behind an ultrasound scan, such as the phased array and reflection of waves. Perform a scan on a patient to get a clear visualization of the images produced during the ultrasound.
ultrasound, medical, baby, image, phased, array, doctor, physics, physical
162. PS
Uniform Circular Motion
Measure the position, velocity, and acceleration (both components and magnitude) of an object undergoing circular motion. The radius and velocity of the object can be controlled, along with the mass of the object. The forces acting on the object can also be recorded.
uniform, circular, motion, centripetal, centrifugal, spinning, physics, physical, sine, cosine, sinusoidal, trigonometry
163. PSVector Addition
Drag two vectors around to see the sum of the vectors. The magnitude and direction of each vector can be manipulated. Components of all vectors are shown in equation form.
vector, notation, addition, components, physics, physical
164. PSVectors
Manipulate the magnitude and direction of two vectors to generate a sum and learn vector addition. The x and y components can be displayed, along with the dot product of the two vectors.
vectors, dot, product, addition, components, physics, physical
165. PS
X-ray Imaging
Use x-ray imaging to peer inside a mystery patient. X-ray images may be taken from two different directions and, when working in pairs, one person can arrange and hide the objects inside the patient and have the other student try to determine the arrangement of objects.
xray, x-ray, x ray, imaging, image, medical, medicine, bones, physics, physical
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