No Longer Newcomers:

Teachers, Technology,

and Language Education

Paige D. Ware, Ph.D.Ohio State TESOL Conference

October 31, 2008

No Longer Newcomers

•Put strong pedagogy first

•Start re-seeing technology

The Three R’s

•ResourcesResources•Reservations •Roles

ResourcesResources

•Tutor

•Tool

- Is it better?

- Is it different?

Tutor

+ -• Provides repetitive

practice; immediate feedback and assessment; typically on focused language skills

• Lacks authentic communication; questions about generalizability

Tutor - Listening and Speaking

http://www.elllo.org/english/video.htm

Tutor - Reading and Vocabulary

Translations into the native language

Definitions in the target language

Audio of the pronunciation

Tutor - Grammar and Writing

Discoveries and inventions have tremendous impact<Missing articles> on our lives.  There are a lot of inventions.  For<Clause errors> example, Electricity, Airplain<Spelling errors>, lamp, telephone and paper etc.<Punctuation errors> I will tell about a lamp.  Thomas Edison<Spelling errors> invented it.  What is it's<Misused words> impact or influrence<Spelling errors> on mankind?  The lamp<Subject-verb agreement errors> make<Subject-verb agreement errors> human being work at anytime.  We can work anywhere.  Experiments use it well.

The invention<Subject-verb agreement errors> of lamp make<Subject-verb agreement errors> human being work at anytime.

We can work anywhere.Experiments use it well. (Songie/P3D1)

Excerpt from Semire Dikli, TESOL 2007

Tutor - Grammar and Writing

Advice: The expression 'tremendous impact' usually requires an article. Replace with [the tremendous impact] or [a tremendous impact], or use the plural or a possessive like 'my'.

Error Category: USAGE Error Label: Missing articles Suggestions: the tremendous impact~a tremendous impact

Explanation: Missing Articles These rules flag the possible absence of an article or determiner before single count nouns, some plural nouns, nouns that require an article, and fixed expressions and proper nouns that require an article.

Examples: Change: She used to be school teacher before she retired.To: She used to be a school teacher before she retired.

Change: I ate apple for lunch.To: I ate an apple for lunch.

Explanation:The Missing Article rule suggests adding an appropriate definite or indefinite article, such as a or an, or replacing the noun with a plural.

(Songie/P3D1)Excerpt from Semire Dikli, TESOL 2007

Research ?

Example – AWE (Automated Writing Evaluation)

Proponents of AWE

Warschauer & Grimes, 2008

Should - motivate students to revise more

But... although students revised more, almost all revisions were at the lexical/sentence level

Should - save grading time so that students can write more

But... although teachers saved time, students did not write more

Critics of AWE

Might - replace writing teachers But... instead gave teachers more time to hold

conferences, plan lessons, & provide other types of feedback

Might - have a negative effect on teaching But... teachers were able to blend MY Access!

into their teaching routine

Might – promote stilted writing But... little evidence--larger impact from the

pressure of high-stakes (5-paragraph) essay tests

---Warschauer & Grimes, 2008

Resources - Tutor + -

• Frees up instructor’s time for other pedagogical strategies

• Provides individualized practice and feedback at learner’s level

• Caters to individual learner styles and preferences

• Requires that instructors learn and teach the software

• Provides feedback that can be too difficult for learners to use

• Limits authentic interaction to fixed responses or scenarios

Tool

• Native-speaking texts and cultural materials

• Interactive websites

• Downloaded audio, music, and visual files

• Computer-mediated communication (email, chat, conferencing, etc.)

Tool

Tool

Build fluency and spelling accuracy

Foster motivation

Provide authentic audience

Offer community role models

Build basic computing skills

Promote reflective teaching

Research ?

Example – Online Mentoring

ell, is think that not everybody likes pizza but there a lot of people that does like it. And it's wonderful that you are going to send me that picture. And I'm very good in playing the piano and learning things fast, and I'm proud about it, I do like sports a lot, and next year when I go to 7th grade my teacher said that she is gonna select me for track or basketball or both of them, because I'm pretty good doing those things too. And I'm happy because she is gonna let me do the things that I like so much. My mom use to play voleyball when she was like in High School, and she told me that she is going to teach everything about it, and I'm pretty exited about it too. I hope you all right, and is not for presumir but my birthday is on 14 more days!! :)

I'm very happy , because is alm ost the day!!!!!!!!!!

An d I forget to tell you about that every fr iday after school, we stay in a room with M rs.Ware and Aundrey or I thi nk that's how i t spell her name, and they are teaching us about how to make movies, and it 's very interesting and fun.

BYE...... Bye and Take care!! ( When is your birthday?)

Forum: Write your messages here! Times Read: 21

Date: Sun Feb 12 2006 16:52

Author: student, Ana <pware@smu.edu>

Subject: Re: Some quiestions for you.

I, Grace !!!

I think you like peo ple to cal l you Grace right? , but a no ther thing I wa nt to te ll you is tha t thankyo u for answe r my que s tions , and I do nt car e if pictures tha t you hav e ar e old, or some thing. I think tha t is grea t to as k you ques tions be cause I ca n know you more an d a ll tha t kind of s ta ff, you know, like things tha t you like to do or some thing like tha t.

Well, for now I just wonder your answer of this e-mail, and talk about some other things, whatever you want to talk about, I dont care, it ca n be some intersting things or not, for right now I have to go ok, see you later, and answer back ok.

BYE

Writing fluency

Spelling errors

Pre-writing 141.6 words/ 30 minutes

10.6% spelled incorrectly

Post-writing 225.8 words/ 30 minutes

5.3% spelled incorrectly

Total Impact 84.2 word increase in fluency

5.3% reduction of errors

Example – Online Mentoring

+ -• Provides varied

opportunities for authentic written and verbal communication

• Supports development of students’ metacognitive and metalinguistic skills

• Makes use of English (and technology) used in academic, social, and workforce settings

• Pushes students into authentic communication at all levels

• Requires pedagogical & technological knowledge from teacher to exploit fully the tool’s advantages

• Requires both initiative and independent work from students

Resources - Tool

The Three R’s

•Resources•ReservationsReservations •Roles

http://english.unitecnology.ac.nz/resources/units/cartoons/ faces.gif

•The LCD projector is not mapping to your laptop.

• You must use a new software program not necessarily backed by research, and you receive no training.

6% of the budget6% of the budget

80% of teachers80% of teachers

•You must explain the difference between CALL, NBLLT, and CMC.

CALLCALL: Computer-Assisted Language Learning

NBLLTNBLLT: Network-based Language Learning and Teaching

CMCCMC: Computer-mediated Communication

•You must present a talk on how to use wikis.

•You must present a talk about how to use wikis.

•You must present a talk about how to use wikis.

OVERLOADED OVERLOADED &&

UNDERSUPPORTUNDERSUPPORTEDED

Computers In The Closet

=

ReservationsReservations

1.Hard to trust

2.Hard to decipher

3.Hard to understand

4.Hard to keep up with

The Three R’s

•Resources•Reservations•RolesRoles

New role = innovative role?

I'm pretty sure that I will be a good teacher when I grow up. And I think I'm pretty but I'm not sure about that. When I get mad is thanks to a boy. I like to play video games too.  . . --Silvia, 12 years old

“hy my sprin brek wos borin cos i diren bon naten des ste sterin the wall cos i wos panish cos i hit my breter cos hi wos roin in the hausi end thas hoan i hit may broter.” --Gabriel, 11 years old

I'm pretty sure that I will be a good teacher when I grow up. And I think I'm pretty but I'm not sure about that. When I get mad is thanks to a boy. I like to play video games too.  . . --Silvia, 12 years old

The book was about a girl named Anastacia and the girl hade a green note book and in the notebook she writ all the staff that she likes and the staff that she geits. Like her teacher and the man front the front of the streat. That was what the book was about. --Silvia, 12 years old

TutorTutor: Automated writing evaluation software to practice academic writing skills

Tool/mediumTool/medium: Wiki to provide for authentic, project-based learning in a social medium

“hy my sprin brek wos borin cos i diren bon naten des ste sterin the wall cos i wos panish cos i hit my breter cos hi wos roin in the hausi end thas hoan i hit may broter.” --Gabriel, 11 years old

TutorTutor: Reading tutor to work on phonemic and graphophonemic awareness and high-frequency words

Tool/mediumTool/medium: Movie-making software to provide oral interaction in a context-rich visual environment

TESOL Technology Standards

Prompt teachers to learn to use technology in their teaching

Articulate a clear set of stages for the development of teacher IT competence

Provide direction and motivation for integrating technology into teacher education

Guide administrators and policy makers

Help minimize the digital divide - between countries and within countries

Teacher Standards

Goal 1 - Language teachers acquire and maintain foundational skills and knowledge in technology for professional purposes

Goal 2 - Language teachers integrate pedagogical knowledge and skills with technology to enhance language teaching and learning

Goal 3 - Language teachers apply technology in record-keeping, feedback, and assessment

Goal 4 - Language teachers use technology to improve communication, collaboration, and efficiency

Digital Immigrants, Digital Natives

1. There is no “critical age hypothesis” for learning technology.

2. There is no “idealized native speaker.”

3. There is no homogenous “digital culture.”

The Bottom Line

There is no good use of technology without solid pedagogy-- and in that,

teachers are certainly

no longer newcomers.

Final thoughts on the Three R’s

• Opens up the classroom to a wider range of resourcesresources

• Asks us to examine--and navigate through--our reservationsreservations

• Challenges us to consider our ever-changing rolesroles