No, it is not “All about story.”
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Transcript of No, it is not “All about story.”
No, it is not “All about story.”
Prof. Tom JohnsonInstitute for Analytic Journalism
Santa Fe, New Mexico USAt o m @ j t j o h n s o n . c o m
Natal WitnessPietermaritzburg, South Africa
5 September 2006
AndAnd or && or ++
Prof. Tom JohnsonInstitute for Analytic Journalism
Santa Fe, New Mexico USAt o m @ j t j o h n s o n . c o m
Natal WitnessDurban, South Africa
5 September 2006
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Journalism is…
“The central purpose of journalism is to provide citizens with accurate and reliable information they need to function in a free society.'‘ —Bill Kovach
Committee of Concerned Journalists
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What journalists do
The job of journalists is "to monitor the centres of power." Israeli
journalist Amira Hass
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Today’s objectives
Discuss journalism (and journalists) as a species existing in the Datasphere
Review the changes in the information environment
Suggest steps journalism can (Should? Must?) take to adapt to those changes if we are to survive
Suggest the possible disappearance of the species journalist serioso
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The New Datasphere extends the Old
Most canons of journalism stand fast (Though there are some new issues for ethics and law)
The challenge today is not the old, but the addition of the new
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Journalists, et al., in Datasphere
Changing Datasphere:
DataIn Analysis Info
Out
MetabolismLatent EnergyIn
EnergyOut
Species in Biosphere:
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Basic Information Theory =Process of Journalism
Data In
InfoOut
InterviewsText docsClipsPicturesInfographics
AnalysisThis is a headline DATELINE -- And the traditional text story starts here and goes on and on and on.
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Communications Revolution?
1st Era =
2nd Era = Symbols Print Paper Ink Writing
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“100% de la Población SufreProblemas de Salud Mental”
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Challenge of Digital Revolution
100% de la Poblacion SufreProblemas de Salud Mental
010100100100100110101101101011101010101010101010010101010101010100111010
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Communications Revolution?
1st Era =
2nd Era = Symbols Print Paper Ink Writing
3rd Era = 101010101101010101000100101
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Changing Datasphere
Data and “data appliances:” Smaller, lighter, faster, cheaper and greater capacity
1956: First hard drive. 5mgb. 50 24-inch platters. 2,150 pounds the size of a refrigerator.
Cost: US$10,000 per megabyte or $10m per gigabyte. Today: one 3.5” HD has a gigabyte for <50 cents.
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Changing Datasphere
In 50 years, areal density of HDs increased by 50 MILLION times
Expect to see 1-inch terabyte drives in 10 years
1991 - First 2.5-inch HD for laptops held 63mgb.
Today – 2.5-inch HD holds 160gbyte and is 60 times as shock-resistant
Moore’s Law. Yes, but….
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Major Changes for Industry/Journalism educ.Data/information in digital form:
requires new tools, analytic skills, delivery methods
Network TV news dead; Newspapers (in much of Europe and U.S.) are comatose
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Major Changes for Industry
Become data/information driven in decision-making
Get out of the newsPAPER or broadcasting business; get into NEWS and DATA/Information biz
Deliver content however consumers want it whenever and wherever they want it
Leverage journalism’s data and skills to customize data/info. for users
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Role of news institutions
Must become the HUB for “transactions” between individuals and the data they need, want, seek: Intellectual transactions Cultural transactions Economic transactions Political transactions
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Data Warehouse
AudioReporter’s DAT“Amateur”News Agencies
Online
Video
Reporter’s DAT“Amateur”News Agencies
Data Warehouse
Database Publishing - Data In
Print Text Images Infographics
Dynamic dbDynamic mapsStreaming A/V
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Database Publishing-Info Out
Data Warehouse
Audio
PDA/Cellphone
Video
Data Warehouse
TBA
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“Hub” model of journalism
Journalism Institution:
3 uniquevalues
Data Resources needing
usersEconomic
Culural
Occupational
Entertainment
Users with data
needsEconomic
Cultural
Occupational
Entertainment
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“Hub” model of journalism
Journalism institution
Users with
needsEconomic
Cultural
Occupational
Entertainment
Resources needing
usersEconomic
Cultural
Occupational
Entertainment
How to do this?
See “data” as a renewable/reusable resource
To survive means to learn. Constantly
It’s about “teams,” knowledge management, coordination
Fred Kockott, 2006 Journalist of the Year:
“It’s not a one-man business …This work of the sub-editors, photographers, graphic
designers and others is often not recognized.” (Librarians?)
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Classic Journalism Information Environment
I-o-P storage, analysis and communicationLinear intake of data as TEXTPrimitive analytic tools Only literary skills needed and highly regarded 100% of our work was qualitative: text or static
images
Journalism: The first refuge of
the mathematically phobic!
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Classic Journalism Information Environment
I-o-P storage, analysis and communicationLinear intake of data as TEXTPrimitive analytic tools Only literary skills needed and highly
regarded 100% of our work qualitative -- text or static
images Throw away total work product every 24
hours
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Changing Datasphere As storage medium changes from I-o-P to 1's
and 0's… ...we need functional technology between
the data/info and our brain. Requires new awareness/skills for RRAW-
P (Research, Reporting, Analysis, Writing-Packaging model)
Adopt new literacy to survive, NOT as old-style hunters-and-gathers but new era interpreters and explainers.
Some of us move from data fishermen to data farmers to support the community
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RRAW-P Process of Journalism
1. Research2. Reporting3. Analysis
DEADLINE!4. Writing
5. Publishing-Producing- Packaging
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Process, and Emphasis, of Classic Journalism: RRAW-P
Research Reporting Analysis
The focus of…
Journalism education
On-the-job training
Mid-career training
Most graduate studies
Writing- Publishing, Producing, Packaging
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Process - and Emphasis - of Digital-Age Journalism
Research Reporting Analysis
Must be – somewhere, some how – the focus of…
Journalism education
On-the-job training
Mid-career training
Most graduate studies
ResearchReportingAnalysis
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Classic Journalism Information Environment
I-o-P storage, analysis and communication
Linear intake of data as TEXTPrimitive analytic toolsOnly literary skills needed and highly
regarded100% of our work qualitative -- text
or static images
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I-o-P vs.. Digital Environment
Traditional Data In Interviews Text docs Clips Pictures Infographics
100% of story
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I-o-P vs. Digital Environment
Digital DATA IN Interviews Text docs Scholarly articles Archival content Pictures Infographics Sound/Video Dynamic maps Database publshg
Ink-on-paper = <50% of storyDigital data = >50% of story
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Major Changes for Media Production
“Data In” is qualitative AND quantitative
“Info Out” must be qualitative and quantitative
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Major Changes for Datasphere Newsroom
Journalists must be able to work like good social scientists and good poets
Literally put information specialists (aka: librarians) in center of space and process
Implement team -- conceptual or skills -- approach
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Survival in the Datasphere
All analysis and eventual stories have three conceptual aspects:
Content?
Analytic
Tools?
Methods/Process?
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Intellectual Navigation
Quantitative
1. Locate Data
2. Acquire
3. Analyze
Qualitative
1. Locate Data
2. Acquire
3. Analyze
STORY!
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New skills for journalists
Just as an opening hand….Sophisticated online researchAnalytic and visual statistics SpreadsheetsDatabase creation and analysisGeographic Information SystemsSocial Network AnalysisForensic
Accounting/Performance Measurement
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Significance for Journalism
Learn to think in multiple dimensions: non-local & non-traditional sources; depth of sourcing; raw data; dynamic online "data“ (i.e non-documents)
Need greater analytic skills, e.g. quantification, mapping
Greater degrees of specialization in newsroom (GA reporter may be a dying intellectual breed in 5-10 years. Declining status?)
No, it is not “All about story.”
It’s about AND, & and +
Prof. Tom JohnsonInstitute for Analytic Journalism
Santa Fe, New Mexico USAt o m @ j t j o h n s o n . c o m
Natal WitnessPietermaritzburg, South Africa
5 September 2006