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¿No Comprende? Spanish Health Information Resources for English Speaking Librarians
National Network of Libraries of Medicine
MidContinental Region
800-338-7657
¿No Comprende? Spanish Health Information Resources for English Speaking Librarians
Participants will be able to...
• identify some print and online resources for basic, library, medical, and web Spanish vocabulary
• pronounce the letters in the Spanish alphabet
• identify the criteria for evaluating health websites
• evaluate online health information resources that are in Spanish
• identify reliable online Spanish health information resources
Agenda
• Introductions – 10 minutes• Cultural Sensitivity and Health Literacy – 5 minutes• Spanish Language – 20 minutes• Spanish Vocabulary – 45 minutes• Evaluating Spanish websites – 60 minutes• Break – 10 minutes• Quality Health information in Spanish – 80 minutes• Evaluation and Certificates – 10minutes
Culture Sensitivity
• Cultural sensitivity starts with becoming aware that we all live and function within culture of our own and that our identity is shaped by it, and then accepting the validity of others’ cultures.
• Let your patrons know that you are sincere and trustworthy.
• Greet them, smile, and create a non-threatening atmosphere.
• Remember: “One size does not fit all”
• “Be sensitive to many differences that exist within the same culture due to socioeconomic levels, place of origin, and education”
Health Literacy
• Health literacy is the ability to read, understand, and act on health care Information
• According to the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS): 50% of Hispanic Americans have reading problems. You can’t tell by looking.
• Take time to listen and create an atmosphere of trust and openness.
• For more information about Health Literacy, go to the National Network of Library of Medicine Southeastern/Atlantic Region Health Literacy Toolkit at http://nnlm.gov/sea/outreach/healthlitkit/index.html
Pronunciation
A ah
E eh
I ee
O oh
U oo
Y ee
Pronunciation
c s (before i or e) gracias
c k (before a, o, or u) Colombia
g h (before i or e) generál
g guh (before a, o, u, or consonant)
gato
h silent hombre
j h jota
ll y llama
ñ ny niño
qu k busque
r (beginning of word or double rr)
roll your tongue
rrrrrr
rodilla
r (single) r or d cerebro
v Somewhere between v and b
viejo
x x or h México
z s zanahoria
Pronunciation
When speaking, the accent normally goes on the second to last syllable.
If there is an accent mark in the word, the spoken accent goes on the syllable with the accent mark. For example:
• No accent mark—accent the 2nd to last syllable
• Burrito
• Accent mark–accent that syllable
• Información
Accent Marks
There are many exceptions to the accent rule!
Basic Vocabulary
Spanish Flashcards
• http://members.tripod.com/spanishflashcards/
• Excellent website for learning basic Spanish vocabulary
• Main website is not too pretty or well designed, but the vocabulary pages are very good
• Vocabulary sets use Flash to feature authentic audio and photos when you move your mouse over the Spanish words
• Some of the topics are the alphabet, animals, clothing, and more
Basic Vocabulary
Flashcard Exchange
http://www.flashcardexchange.com/tag/nnlm
http://www.flashcardexchange.com/directory/1637.html
•A free services that has over 749,000 flashcards from 26 languages with 14 different main categories of words including science and medicine
•Flashcards are created by the Internet community; you can add your own flashcards and share them with others
•Features are interactive and extensive:
•Study flashcards in a variety of orders
•Spell check with dictionaries in multiple languages
•Download and Import your flashcards with MS Excel or text
•Download your flashcards to your Palm Pilot or Pocket PC (paid feature)
Basic Vocabulary
• Learn Spanish• http://www.studyspanish.com/freesite.htm
– This is a website that has tools for• Pronunciation, • Grammar• Vocabulary• Useful links
– Medical vocabulary is – http://www.studyspanish.com/travel/spanishhelper/medical/index
.htm
Basic Vocabulary—Symbols
In general, Spanish symbols such as
•accents: búsqueda
•upside-down question marks: ¿
•and “enyes”: niño
can be found in “Symbols” under the Insert menu.
If you like keyboard commands, often the Control key works:
•Accent: Ctrl + ‘ + vowel
•Upside-down question mark: Ctrl+Shift+Alt+?
•Enye: Ctrl + Shift + ~ + n
Basic Vocabulary—Symbols
• Alt + numbers work, too– Alt and 160 = á– Alt and 130 = é– Alt and 161 = í– Alt and 162 = ó– Alt and 163 = ú– Alt and 164 = ñ– Alt and 168 = ¿
Library Vocabulary
Spanish in Our Libraries
http://www.sol-plus.net/plus/home.htm
•Ever want to know how to say “I will get someone who speaks Spanish” or “Do you have a library card?”
•SOL-Plus has a wealth of library vocabulary in Spanish
•Site even features
•Dewey in Spanish
•Library of Congress system in Spanish
•Bookmarks
•Signage
•And loads of other goodies!
Library Vocabulary
REFORMA’s Library Resources
http://www.reforma.org/libresources.html
•REFORMA is the National Association to Promote Library and Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish-Speaking
•In addition to the other resources that REFORMA provides such as the listserv, networking opportunities, and scholarships, the Library Resources page has a wealth of vocabulary for libraries and the web
•Note: the Spanish for Librarians link is a large PDF document.
Internet Vocabulary
Important /Common Spanish Internet Words
• La búsqueda—search, generally a box next to this word
• Los enlaces—link as in hyperlink
• Actualizado—updated
• La página—page
• La Red—the Net or Web
• El Internet—Internet
• El base de datos—database
Internet Vocabulary
Glossary of Spanish Internet Terms
http://www.myspanish.net/internetterms.pdf
This commercial website has an excellent list of the basic Internet terms that you will come across on a daily basis.
Learn Spanish: Internet Terms in Spanish and English
http://www.lingolex.com/internet.htm
•Not beautiful, but simple, once you scroll down on this site, there is a more extensive list of Internet and computer terms in Spanish.
Medical Vocabulary
Polyglot: Multimedia Medical Spanish Translator
http://polyglot.topsailmultimedia.com/polyglot.html
• Interactive, side-by-side vocabulary and phrase listing with audio
Dictionary English-Spanish from the Oregon Occupational Safety & Health Division
http://www.orosha.org/pdf/dictionary/english-spanish.pdf
• 136 pages of free health and safety phrases and helpful vocabulary come in handy pdf format.
Online Translators
• Babelfish and Google Translate
http://babel.altavista.com/
http://translate.google.com/translate_t
• Good Tools for getting the general idea• Watch out with translation mishaps
– Don’t use for critical medical information
– Don’t use for translating into writing
Vocabulary and Pronunciation Exercises
How do you pronounce:
neoplasma
oreja
muñeca
refrigerador
What do those words mean?
How do you say:
pregnant
broken leg
spinal cord
Evaluation of Online Spanish Health Information
TIPS
Alphabet is almost the same
Language is similar
You probably know more words than you think.
Photos or Graphics
Can help you figure out what the site is about and who it is for.
Really bad sites may have graphics of completely unrelated topics
Evaluation of Online Spanish Health Information
TIPS
The “About us” information about the organization or author is usually under:
•Sobre nos
•Sobre
•Acerca de nos
•¿Quienes Somos?
•Acerca de Name of Organization
If they don’t have an “about” section or intro, that is a clue to the level of quality.
Evaluation of Online Spanish Health Information
TIPS
Use one of these tools to ‘translate’ the “About Us” section:
Babelfish and Google Translate
http://babel.altavista.com/
http://translate.google.com/translate_t
• Extremely helpful but not reliable
• This will help you get the gist of the Spanish words.
• You can translate a word, a sentence or paragraph, or an entire site.
Evaluation of Online Spanish Health Information
TIPS
There may also be an English version of the site you can compare.
•Look for the words inglés or English.
•Beware Spanish versions of English pages may not be translated well or can be much more limited than the English version
Also, feel free to lead your patrons to the MedlinePlus Guide to Healthy Web Surfing, which is also in Spanish: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/healthywebsurfing.html
Evaluation Criteria
Currency
Is there a date? What does the date represent?
Is the information up-to-date?
Is the update frequency apparent?
Is it static or does it change regularly?
Is currency necessary for this type of information?
Look for the word “Fecha” meaning date
Remember that dates are displayed day.month.year
Look for the word “Actualizado” meaning updated
Look for the word “Modificado” meaning modified
Evaluation methods in black font borrowed from Evaluating Internet Resources: Factors to Consider by Gale Dutcher, National Library of Medicine
Evaluation Criteria
Authority
Is information available about the author?
Who is the author?
Is the author the original creator of the information?
What are the author's credentials?
Occupation?
Education?
Look to see if you recognize a name near on the page
in the places you would normally see an author’s name
on a page in English
Evaluation Criteria
Affiliation
Affiliation = Publisher
What institution is connected with this information?
Does the institution exercise quality control?
Have you ever heard of this organization?
Run the name through babelfish
Does the organization have an English counterpart or
webpage that you could read?
Evaluation Criteria
Objectivity
Is there a minimum of bias?
Is there any apparent conflict such as advertising by the sponsor?
You can identify an ad in Spanish just as well as in English.
Evaluation Criteria
Purpose
What is the purpose of this Web site?
This one might be difficult if they don’t have an “About Us” section.
Evaluation Criteria
Audience
Who is the intended audience?
Professionals
General Public
From the look of the page you can probably determine age range
The type of organization may give away who the audience is
Graphics will come in handy for this criterion.
Evaluation Criteria
Accuracy
Is the information reliable?
Is the information free from error?
Where does the information come from?
Are sources cited? Can you independently verify the information?
Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
Again, this one may be difficult, so look for organizations or people you recognize that support the information on the page.
Are they linking or do they have actual content? If there are only links, test them to see if they are still working.
Evaluation Criteria
Coverage
What topics are included?
What is the depth of exploration?
Try to recognize cognates, words that look similar to English words.
Translate header words using a dictionary or online translators.
How large is the site? Number and length of pages?
10 minute Break
Evaluation Group Activity
What is good and/or bad about these sites?
http://www.redmedica.com.mx/
http://www.mediweb.com.mx/
http://www.tuotromedico.com/
http://www.mipediatra.com.mx/
Online Health Resources
MEDLINEplus en español
http://medlineplus.gov/spanish/
Consumer Health Information in Spanish
Health Topics—over 600 Health Topics in Spanish with links to great information including Hispanic-American Health
Can toggle from English to Spanish and back
Medical Encyclopedia
Drug information
Low literacy health information tutorials with audio
News
Online Health Resources
http://pubmed.gov
Professional medical information
To see articles in Spanish click on:
Limits | Language | Spanish
Generally abstracts are in English
For full-text articles in Spanish, contact your nearest medical library for document delivery options
Online Health Resources
Locating Spanish Language Health Information on the World Wide Web
http://nnlm.gov/outreach/consumer/chspanish.html
Websites in Spanish
Abstracts written in English
Organized: Associations, Foundations, Organizations, Government agencies, local and regional resources
Note: helpful for English speaking librarians, but not for Spanish speaking patrons
Online Health Resources
http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/espanol/index.html
Information about health associated with chemical substances and different locations in towns and cities
Learn about possible chemical hazards present in different locations in a town or a city
Unfortunately, the graphic portion of the site is not in Spanish yet
Online Health Resources
Cancer.gov
http://www.cancer.gov/espanol/
Tons of information on cancer for professionals and consumers
Beginning cancer tutorial
Publications on different kinds of cancer
Online Health Resources
AIDSinfo en español (SIDA)
http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/other/links_sp.asp
Online glossary of AIDS terms
Search for clinical trials
Search the drug database
CDC brochures
aidsinfonet.org
http://www.aidsinfonet.org/topics.php?category=&newLang=es
Site funded by NLM’s SIS and created in New Mexico
Has resources and printouts of lots of AIDS information in Spanish divided into various categories such as prevention, nutrition, and medicines.
Online Health Resources
healthfinder®
http://www.healthfinder.gov/espanol/
Many health topics in Spanish. Similar to MedlinePlus health topics, but fewer articles per topic. Very easy to use
Salud y Seguridad
http://www.usa.gov/gobiernousa/Salud-Nutricion-Seguridad/Salud.shtml
Huge list of health and safety websites from the federal government
More than 80 links all in Spanish (with English titles shown as well!)
Online Health Resources
CDC en español
http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/
Public health topics such as obesity, vaccinations, the flu, pre-natal care, diabetes, and more
current public health news, general topics, specific groups, and links to other reliable sites in Spanish.
Online Health Resources
Pan American Health Organization
http://www.paho.org/default_spa.htm
Features
News and public information from other countries
Data
Health Topics
BIREME Virtual Health Library
Bookstore and more
Online Health Resources
World Health Organization
•http://www.who.int/es/
•United Nations specialized agency for health
•Features
•Health statistics for different countries (Países)
•Health topics (usually in English)
•Individual pages toggle
Online Health Resources Exercises
1. A Latino patron who speaks little English wants to know the side-effects of a drug his doctor recommended for his son. Where can he find side effects on Guaifenesina? For your own curiousity, what is a brand name for this drug in English?
2. Your patron’s grandmother was just diagnosed with cervical cancer. She would like basic information in Spanish on cancer that she can print out and bring to her grandmother.
3. An international student is doing a paper on a public health topic on his home, Costa Rica. Where can he find general information to help narrow his topic?
Other Resources
•http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home.html
•From the American Academy of Family Physicians
Created as patient education handouts
Health topics—content and links
Toggles between English and Spanish
Other Resources
•NOAH: New York Online Access to Health
http://www.noah-health.org/
Links selected by librarians and health professionals in New York
Health Topics in English and Spanish
Partnership of a number of New York libraries
Limited toggle-ability
Other Resources
KidsHealth
http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/en_espanol/index.html
http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/en_espanol/
http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/en_espanol/
Different pages for Parents, Kids, and Teens on health information topics relevant to each group
Information and links in Spanish, but navigation is in English
Nemours Foundation
Other Resources
American Diabetes Association
http://www.diabetes.org/espanol/default.jsp?WTLPromo=HEADER_espanol&vms=159465616194
Tons of information on diabetes and some specifically for Latinos
No toggle-ability. Spanish site is entirely in Spanish
National Diabetes Education Program
http://ndep.nih.gov/campaigns/PasoaPaso/Paso_a_Paso.htm
a federally funded program sponsored by NIH & CDC
Has educational brochures, fact sheets, and publications in Spanish
Other Resources
NN/LM Consumer Health Information in Many Languages
http://nnlm.gov/outreach/consumer/multi.html
Resources including Cultural Competency Resources, Multilingual health information, Specific Languages including Spanish, and Glossaries by Language.
AdCouncil’s Healthy Lifestyles
http://www.adcouncil.org/default.aspx?id=399
Ads encouraging healthy lifestyles in English and Spanish
Other ways to Practice
• Practice with a native speaker– Restaurants– Church– Social Gathering
• Local Spanish Club• Websites, audio tapes, etc.• Rosetta Stone (expensive though)
Pair Exercise—Reference Interview
•Break up into pairs
•One of you be the librarian
•The other be the patron
•The patron asks the librarian a question (in English)
•The librarian must find the answer/resource in Spanish
•Use the resources given in the class and in your handout to find the answers
•Switch roles and repeat
Thank You!
¡Muchas Gracias!
Please fill out your evaluations
Contact Us at
www.nnlm.gov/mcr
Or
800-338-7657
Bibliography
• Centers for Disease Control. “Sabemos: Por respeto-Aquí no se fuma”.http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand_smoke/sabemos/english/Sabemos_Tips.pdf.
• Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc. “Health Literacy Fact Sheets, 1-9.” http://www.chcs.org/usr_doc/Health_Literacy_Fact_Sheets.pdf
• “Developing Culturally Sensitive Programs for the Latino Community: A needs based assessment”. http://www.espnational.org/2006NationalMeeting/CulturallySensativeProgramsForLatinoAdrieRoberts.ppt#264,27,Impact Statements