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NMUN
NMUN
NUML-MODEL UNITEDNATIONSGUIDE BOOK
Pashmina Mughal[Pick the date]
National university of Modern Languages, Islamabad
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Preface2. About the United Nations3. Rules and Procedures4. Steps towards Model United Nations5. MUN- Code of Conduct6. MUN Vocabulary7.Appendices
a. Sample Position Paperb. Sample Draft Resolutionc. Online Resources
8. Contacts
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Preface
Degree alone is not indicative of a well-rounded graduate. Skills development through
extracurricular activities are usually embedded in academic programmes, to give students thebest chance to shape their future and to provide further development opportunities to
complement the academic curriculum. While recognizing the importance and value of bothacademic curriculum and co-curricular activities, the National University of Modern
Languages (NUML)Islamabad is planning to organize a Model United Nations (MUN)Conference which would contribute in developing the range of skills and attributes that are
important for graduates as a transformative experience in their future lives. Model UnitedNations has greatly matured and expanded. Model Uni ted Nations(also Model UNorMUN) is
an academic simulation of the United Nations that aims to educate participants about current
events, topics in international relations, diplomacy and the United Nations agenda. It provides a
platform to the youth to get together, share their knowledge, argue on most overwhelming
problems and come up with best possible solutions. It is a competition in which participants haveto simulate the United Nation and its committees while being the diplomats/ delegates of
particular country which is usually assigned by the host team. MUNs stimulate the youngstudents to navigate their talent and knowledge through public speaking, group communication,
research, policy analysis, active listening, negotiating, conflict resolution, note taking, and
technical writing and put them with the flavor of diplomacy to reach up to a consensuspeacefully. Model United Nations participants learn how the international community acts on its
concerns about topics including peace and security, human rights, the environment, food and
hunger, economic development, and globalization. Model United Nations delegates also look
closely at the needs, aspirations, and foreign policy of the countries they will represent at the
event.
Pashmina Mughal
Assisstant Pr ofessor-I R
Focal Person-NM UN
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What is Model United Nations (MUN)?
Model United Nations- MUNs are vastly benefiting academic events for the youth on the
pattern of UN General Assembly talks and debates among the delegates from different
institutions with feeling the pressure and controlling emotions but to end diplomatically on a
positive high note. In Model United Nations, students step into the shoes of Ambassadors from
U.N. member states to debate current issues on the organization's vast agenda. Student called
"delegates" in Model United Nations prepare draft resolutions, plot strategies and negotiate with
supporters and adversaries, resolve conflicts, and intensely navigate the United Nations rules of
procedures, as applied in the respective United Nations bodies. The focus of all debates is in the
interest of mobilizing "international cooperation" to resolve problems. It provides a platform to
the youth to get together, share their knowledge, argue on most overwhelming problems and
come up with best possible solutions. It is a competition in which participants have to simulate
the United Nation and its committees while being the diplomats/ delegates of particular country
which is usually assigned by the host team. MUNs stimulate the young students to navigate their
talent and knowledge and put them with the flavor of diplomacy. The participants role-play as
diplomats representing a country or NGO in a simulated session of a committee of the United
Nations, such as the Security Council or the General Assembly. Participants research a country,
take on roles as diplomats, investigate international issues, debate, deliberate, consult, and then
develop solutions to world problems. It gave them an agenda to be followed that is,
Let Diplomacy be your argument.
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What is United Nations Organization (UNO)?
Established in 1945 after the end of the Second World War, the United Nations is the largest,
international organization with multidimensional tasks in the world. The two world wars and
their devastating consequences needed a platform for collective security and as a forum for
dialogue, maintenance of world peace, and development of social progress. The UN now has 193
member states representing the vast majority of the worlds population.
The United Nations is led by the Secretary General, who oversees the working of the entire
organization. There are five main principal organs of the United Nations system:
Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council International Court of Justice Secretariat Trusteeship Council
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In addition to these organs, there are numerous subsidiary organizations and committees that are
focused in specialized areas. The more popular of these include the UN Environment
Programme, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization, the
World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
Many MUN conferences are modeled after the United Nations system by offering committee
choice to the delegations that mimic those of the actual United Nations structure, procedure and
framework.
What are MUN Rules and Procedures?
Rules and procedures of Model United Nations are the way of conduct and formalities of United
Nations diplomatic sessions. All MUN delegates have to obey these Rules of Procedure, which
are a simplified version of those used in the real United Nations conferences. Model UN
Committees have lengthy agendas. To help maintain order, Model UN Conferences adopt rules
of procedure to establish when a delegate may speak and what he or she may address. Some
conferences adopt a few simple rules while others use lengthy and complex rules of procedure.
The sessions of the committees are led by Chairs and Co-Chairs.
At a Model UN conference, there is formal debate as well as informal debate,
calledcaucusing.
Formal Debate: During formal debate, the staff (Chair, Co-Chair) maintains a speakers list and
delegates speak in the order they are listed. At this time, delegates have an opportunity to share
their views with the entire Committee. Delegates make speeches, answer questions and introduce
and debate resolutions and amendments. Formal debate is important to the Committee's
work/session.
Moderated Caucus: During a caucus, which is a temporary recess, the rules of procedure are
suspended. To go to a moderated caucus, a delegate makes a motion to suspend debate and the
committee votes. Caucusing helps to facilitate discussion, especially when there is a long
speakers list. A moderated caucus is a mixture of both formal and informal debates. Anyone may
speak if they raise their placard and are called on by the Chair.
http://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/caucusinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/caucusinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/caucusinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/public-speakinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/resolutionshttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/resolutionshttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/public-speakinghttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/caucusing -
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Unmoderated Caucus: In an unmoderated caucus, delegates meet informally with one another
and the committee staff to discuss and negotiate draft resolutions, amendments and other issues.
Position Paper: A position paperis an essay that is written by participants of some models. It
describes the detailed position of a certain country on a topic or issue that the writer will debate
in his or her committee. It is also known as the (Foreign) Policy Statement. Conferences have
different format and styles for position papers. Most position papers consist of a heading with
Committee, topic, country and delegate information and body which explains in detail the
position of the author's country. The position paper usually includes several pages outlining:
1. Background of the Topic2. UN Involvement3. Country's Position4. Possible Solution
The Speaker List: The Speakers List determines the order in which delegates address the
committee. The dais calls on delegates to speak according to the order of the list for a set
speaking time (usually one to two minutes). When the Speakers List is first opened, one may add
oneself to the list by raising the placard. During debate, you may add yourself by sending a note
up to the dais. Each country may only appear on the Speakers List once.
Things to Care about:
Avoid using personal pronouns when making a formal address. Dont say things like Ibelieve... or I urge you... Instead, you should use phrases like Italy believes... or
The Delegation of China urges that this Committee... you are here to represent your
countrys views, not your own.
You will have a strict time limit for speaking. The Chair may or may not warn you ofwhen your time is coming to an end. Try to keep track of the time limit and pace yourself
wisely.
If you finish your speech before your time limit is up, you have the opportunity to yieldthe remainder of your time in three ways:
Yield to Another Delegate: You may give the remainder of your valuablespeaking time to another delegate. This can be useful if you have an ally
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Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus: If you want to have an unmoderated cacusyou must specify the duration of the unmoderated caucus when raising this
motion.
Motion for a Moderated Caucus: You must specify the topic, duration, andspeaking time for the caucus when raising this motion.
Resolutions: A resolution is a formal document that reflects the decisions and future direction of topics
within a committee. The main goal of each committee is to successfullypass or agree well-written
and useful resolutions. After a topic has beenbrought up, discussed, and examined extensively, it
may be timeto work on a resolution to compile the committees thoughtsand suggested courses
of action. A resolution paper passes through following stages:
Working PapersEach resolution starts out as a working paper. There is no specificguideline as to how a working paper should be written. The idea behind a working paper
is to express and summarizekey points for discussion. The format is less important than
the content. Once you have completed a working paper, you may submit it to the
Director for approval. When approved, it will be distributed to all members of the
Committee for further discussion.
Draft Resolutions:Once a working paper has been introduced to the Committee,discussed among the delegates, and examined in detail, its the time to write a draft
resolution. This document should sum up the key ideas and recommendations discussedin the working paper and by the Committee. Draft resolutions must be written in proper
resolution format. The draft resolution needs to be approved by the Chair.
Passing a Resolu tion:After your draft resolution has been approved by the Chair, itneeds to be formally introduced to the Committee with a motion (usually done by a
sponsor). The sponsor/sponsors is/are required to read aloud the document to the
committee for deliberation. After it has been introduced, a question and answer session
may be motioned for. Here, sponsors will answer any questions the Committee might
propose. After this, debate will resume on the contents of the resolution. During this
stage, changes may be proposed and passed in what are known as amendments. There are
two types of amendments:
o Friendly: When a proposed change is supported by all sponsors of the resolution,it is a friendly amendment. The change is made without a vote of the committee.
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o Unfriendly: When a proposed change is not supported by all the sponsors of theresolution, it is known as an unfriendly amendment. These must be submitted in
writing to the Chair with the signatures of one-fifth of the delegates present.
Unfriendly amendments are voted upon by the entire committee before the vote
on the resolution.
What are the Steps to participate in MUN?
Research: The first step to participate in Model UN preparation is research. The participants
needed a thorough research and various resources for gathering information on their
allotted country and its positions, the topics to be discussed at the conference, and the UN
system.
Country Assignment: After registration to MUN, the delegation is assigned a country. The
participants must be equipped with all the information and policy objectives of their allotted
countries in order to best represent the foreign policy of relevant country. The delegates must be
clear about the profile, facts and general knowledge about the country and should have a proper
understanding of political, social, economic, strategic and cultural orientation of their allotted
countries.
Position Paper: Position paper is a written document by the delegates containing the
background and current status of issues being discussed in the sessions from their respective
countries perspective. It allows the participant to explain their country's position on an issue and
to provide ideas on how the Committee should address the issue.
Public Speaking: Public speaking is one of the most important skills that a participant will need
as a Model UN delegate. Usually, English is an official language of Model UN Conferences. The
delegate should have fluency as well as clarity of the language during all the UN proceedings.
The delegates need to be vigilant of his/her speaking, statements and views and must be efficient
to respond to the opponents in very diplomatic manners.
Caucusing: Caucusing, or informal negotiation, is one of the most significant parts of a Model
UN Conference. Much of the problem-solving, collaboration and compromising happens in these
important sessions. Many delegates prefer to speak during a moderated caucus rather than being
placed on the Speaker's list. In a moderated caucus, speakers are usually able to convey one or
http://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/country-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/topic-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/un-system-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/un-system-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/un-system-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/un-system-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/topic-researchhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-to-participate/model-un-preparation/research/country-research -
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two key points to the entire Committee or share new ideas that have developed through the
course of debate.Writing Resolutions: The final results of discussion, writing and negotiation are resolutions
written suggestions for addressing a specific problem or issue. Resolutions, which are drafted bydelegates and voted on by the Committee, normally require a simple majority to pass (except in
the Security Council).
What is the Code of Conduct in MUN?
Rules: The rules are not subject to change. Language: English shall be the working language of the General Assembly and
Committee Sessions.
Courtesy: All delegates must show courtesy and respect to the Secretary General,President of the General Assembly, Committee Staff, Advisors and fellow delegates.
o The Secretary-General must be addressed as Madame or Mr. Secretary-General; o The President of the General Assembly must be addressed as Madame or Mr.
President.
o The Committee Chairperson must be addressed as Madame/Mr. Chairperson.o Fellow delegates must be referred to as Madame/Mister Delegate or the
Honorable Delegate from.
o All speeches in the General-Assembly must begin Madame Secretary-General,Madame President
o All speeches in Committee Session must begin Madame / Mr. Chairperson Quorum: The President of the General Assembly or the Committee Chairperson may
declare the General Assembly or Committee Session open when at least 1/4 of its
members are present. A member is a state which is officially registered at the Conference. Quorum is necessary for any vote to be taken. Agenda- The order in which the issues shall be debated and which the resolution shall be
introduced is at the discretion of the President/Chairperson.
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Parliamentary Procedure:
Point of Order: During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may rise on a Point ofOrder to complain about departure from parliamentary procedure (i.e. these rules).
This point may interrupt a speaker. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry: When the floor is open, a delegate may rise on a Point
of Parliamentary Inquiry to ask the President/Chairperson a question about the rules of
procedure.
This point may NOT interrupt a Speaker. Right of Reply If a delegate feels that her/his personal or national integrity has been
injured, she/he may rise on a Right of Reply.
The Presidents/Chairpersons decision whether or not to grant the Right of Reply is finaland not open to appeal.
A delegate may not reply to a Right of Reply. A request for a Right of Reply may interrupt a Speaker. However, the reply shall not be
granted until the conclusion of the speech presently being made. The reply shall be
limited to one (1) minute only.
Debates and Speeches:
Debate: In both the General Assembly and the Committee Session, a Speakers list will becreated for the purpose of general debate.
Once a resolution is introduced, it will remain on the floor until it passes, fails or ispostponed.
Speeches: No delegate may address the General Assembly or the Committee Sessionwithout first having obtained the permission of the President/Chairperson.
Permission may be obtained by raising ones placard or sending the name of ones stateto the President/Chairperson.
A time limit of three (3) minutes applies to all speeches in the General Assembly andCommittee Sessions. This limit is debatable and a motion to change it shall be entertained
at the Presidents/Chairpersons discretion.
Moderated Debate: While in Committee Session, a motion to enter into ModeratedDebate shall be in order.
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While in Moderated Debate, discussion continues to be controlled by the Chairperson,but the procedures are more relaxed.
Amendments: Delegates may amend any resolution which has been introduced. Prior to being introduced, amendments must be approved by the President/Chairperson.
Voting:
Voting: Each Member State of the United Nations shall have one vote. States withObserver Status are not permitted to vote.
Each state may vote yes, no or abstain. On procedural matters, members may not abstain. Resolutions require a majority (50% + 1) to pass. Amendments require a 2/3rd majority
to pass.
Voting shall be conducted by placard.Procedural Issues:
Closure of Debate: When the floor is open, a delegate may move to close debate on thematter being discussed.
The President/Chairperson may choose not to accept this motion. The President/Chairperson shall allow up to two (2) Speakers against this motion. There
shall be no Speakers in favor. If Closure of Debate passes, the General Assembly/Committee Session shall move into
immediate voting on the resolution or amendment being discussed. AdjournmentWhile in the General Assembly, and when the floor is open, any
delegate may move to adjourn the conference. The President may choose not to accept this motion
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MUN Vocabulary
Abstain. During a vote on a substantive
matter, delegates may abstain rather than
vote yes or no. This generally signals that a
state does not support the resolution beingvoted on, but does not oppose it enough to
vote no. Frequently abstaining is banned in
Model UN sessions for minor substantive
matters, such as amendments or
amendments to the 2nd degree, in order to
force progress in a resolution.
Adjourn. All UN or Model UN sessions end
with a vote to adjourn. This means that the
debate is suspended until the next meeting.
This can be a short time (e.g., overnight) or
a long time (until next year's conference).
Agenda. The order in which the issues
before a Committee will be discussed. The
first duty of a Committee following the roll
call is usually to set the agenda.
Amendment. A change to a draft resolution
on the floor. Can be of two types: a "friendly
amendment" is supported by the original
draft resolution's sponsors, and is passed
automatically, while an "unfriendlyamendment" is not supported by the original
sponsors and must be voted on by the
Committee as a whole.
Amendment to the 2nd Degree. A change
to the draft amendment on the floor. Can
also be either a "friendly" or an "unfriendly"
amendment. In some formats of debate,
passing the amendment to the 2nd degree is
equivalent to passing the original
amendment; in others it merely means
debate continues on the now altered
amendment. In the Security Council
amendments can be permitted to multiple
degrees in order to allow an amendment to
be designed to be acceptable to all countries.
Background guide. A guide to a topic being
discussed in a Model UN Committee usually
written by conference organizers and
distributed to delegates before the
conference. The starting point for any
research before a Model UN conference.
Binding. Having legal force in UN member
states. Security Council resolutions are
binding, as are decisions of the International
Court of Justice; resolutions of the General
Assembly and Economic and Social Council
are not.
Bloc. A group of countries in a similar
geographical region or with a similar
opinion on a particular topic.
Caucus. A break in formal debate in which
countries can more easily and informally
discuss a topic. There are two types:
moderated caucus and unmoderated caucus.
Chair. A member of the dais that moderates
debate, keeps time, rules on points and
motions, and enforces the rules of
procedure. Also known as a Moderator.
Committee. Participants choose to be in
different committees, and discuss with
others on topics related to the Committee.
For example, 'Economics and Social'committee will debate the question of
'Refugee Crisis'.
Decorum. The order and respect for others
that all delegates at a Model UN conference
must exhibit. The Chair will call for
decorum when he or she feels that the
Committee is not being respectful of a
speaker, of the dais, or of their roles as
ambassadors.
Delegate. A participant acting as arepresentative of a member state or observer
during a Model UN conference.
Delegation. The entire group of people
representing a member state or observer in
all committees at a particular Model UN
conference.
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Director. A member of the dais that
oversees the creation of working papers and
draft resolutions, acts as an expert on the
topic, makes sure delegates accurately
reflect the policy of their countries, and
ensures that decorum is maintained duringcaucuses.
Division of the question. During voting
bloc, delegates may motion to vote on
certain clauses of a resolution separately, so
that only the clauses that are passed become
part of the final resolution. This is known as
division of the question.
Draft resolution. A document that seeks to
fix the problems addressed by a Model UN
Committee. If passed by the committee, thedraft resolution will become a resolution.
Faculty adviser. The faculty member in
charge of a Model UN team, class or club.
Flow of debate. The order in which events
proceed during a Model UN conference. See
Flow of Debate chart.
Gavel. The tool, shaped like a small wooden
hammer, that the Chair uses to keep order
within a Model UN Committee. Manyconferences give the gavel used in a
Committee to the delegate recognized by the
dais as the best in that Committee; therefore,
the term is frequently used to refer to the
award given to the best delegate, even in
cases where no actual gavel is given.
Formal debate. The "standard" type of
debate at a Model UN conference, in which
delegates speak for a certain time in an order
based on a speakers' list.Head delegate/ambassador. The student
leader of a Model UN club or team.
Responsible for ceremonial actions required
of the delegation at a conference or
answering specific questioning, such as in
the Security Council.
Member state. A country that has ratified
the Charter of the United Nations and whose
application to join has been accepted by the
General Assembly and Security Council.
Currently, there are 193 member states. The
only internationally recognized state that isnot a member state is the Holy See.
Moderated caucus. A type of caucus in
which delegates remain seated and the Chair
calls on them one at a time to speak for a
short period of time, enabling a freer
exchange of opinions than would be possible
in formal debate.
Moderator. See Chair.
Motion.A request made by a delegate that
the Committee as a whole do something.
Some motions might be to go into a caucus,
to adjourn, to introduce a draft resolution, or
to move into voting bloc. See our Charts of
Rules and Motions.
Observer. A state, national organization,
regional organization, or non-governmental
organization that is not a member of the UN
but participates in its debates. Observers can
vote on procedural matters but not
substantive matters. Examples are the Holy
See and the State of Palestine.
On the floor. At a Model UN conference,
when a working paper or draft resolution is
first written, it may not be discussed in
debate. After it is approved by the Director
and introduced by the Committee, it is put
"on the floor" and may be discussed.
Operative clause. The part of a resolution
which describes how the UN will address aproblem. It begins with an action verb
(decides, establishes, recommends, etc.).
Page. A delegate in a Model UN Committee
that has volunteered to pass notes from one
delegate to another, or from a delegate to the
dais, for a short period of time.
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Placard. A piece of cardstock with a
country's name on it that a delegate raises in
the air to signal to the Chair that he or she
wishes to speak.
Point. A request raised by a delegate for
information or for an action relating to that
delegate. Examples include a point of order,
a point of inquiry, and a point of personal
privilege. See our Charts of Rules and
Motions.
Position paper. A summary of a country's
position on a topic, written by a delegate
before a Model UN conference.
Preambulatory clause. The part of a
resolution that describes previous actions
taken on the topic and reasons why the
resolution is necessary. It begins with a
participle or adjective (noting, concerned,
regretting, aware of, recalling, etc.).
Procedural. Having to do with the way a
Committee is run, as opposed to the topic
being discussed. All delegates present must
vote on procedural matters and may not
abstain.
Quorum. The minimum number ofdelegates needed to be present for a
Committee to meet. In the General
Assembly, a quorum consists of one third of
the members to begin debate, and a majority
of members to pass a resolution. In the
Security Council, no quorum exists for the
body to debate, but nine members must be
present to pass a resolution.
Rapporteur. A member of the dais whose
duties include keeping the speakers' list andtaking the roll call.
Resolution. A document that has been
passed by an organ of the UN that aims to
address a particular problem or issue. The
UN equivalent of a law.
Right of reply. A right to speak in reply to a
previous speaker's comment, invoked when
a delegate feels personally insulted by
another delegate's speech. Generally
requires a written note to the Chair to be
invoked.
Roll call. The first order of business in a
Model UN Committee, during which the
Rapporteur reads aloud the names of each
member state in the Committee. When a
delegate's country's name is called, he or she
may respond "present" or "present and
voting." A delegate responding "present and
voting" may not abstain on a substantive
vote.
Rules of procedure. The rules by which aModel UN committee is run. See our Charts
of Rules and Motions.
Second. To agree with a motion being
proposed. Many motions must be seconded
before they can be brought to a vote.
Secretariat. The most senior staff of a
Model UN conference.
Secretary-General. The leader of a Model
UN conference.Signatory. A country that wishes a draft
resolution to be put on the floor and signs
the draft resolution to accomplish this. A
signatory need not support a resolution; it
only wants it to be discussed. Usually,
Model UN conferences require some
minimum number of sponsors and
signatories for a draft resolution to be
approved.
Simple majority. 50% plus one of thenumber of delegates in a Committee. The
amount needed to pass most votes.
Speakers' list. A list that determines the
order in which delegates will speak.
Whenever a new topic is opened for
discussion, the Chair will create a speakers'
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list by asking all delegates wishing to speak
to raise their placards and calling on them
one at a time. During debate, a delegate may
indicate that he or she wishes to be added to
the speakers' list by sending a note to the
dais.
Sponsor. One of the writers of a draft
resolution. A friendly amendment can only
be created if all sponsors agree.
Substantive. Having to do with the topic
being discussed. A substantive vote is a vote
on a draft resolution or amendment already
on the floor during voting bloc. Only
member states (not observer states or non-
governmental organizations) may vote on
substantive issues.
Unmoderated caucus. A type of caucus in
which delegates leave their seats to mingle
and speak freely. Enables the free sharing of
ideas to an extent not possible in formal
debate or even a moderated caucus.
Frequently used to sort countries into blocs
and to write working papers and draft
resolutions.
Veto. The ability, held by China, France, the
Russian Federation, the United Kingdom,
and the United States to prevent any draft
resolution in the Security Council from
passing by voting no.
Vote. A time at which delegates indicate
whether they do or do not support a
proposed action for the Committee. There
are two types: procedural and substantive.
Voting bloc. The period at the end of a
committee session during which delegates
vote on proposed amendments and draft
resolutions. Nobody may enter or leave the
room during voting bloc.
Working paper.A document in which the
ideas of some delegates on how to resolve
an issue are proposed. Frequently the
precursor to a draft resolution.
Yielding. The movement that delegate A,
who is standing at the front, make to pass
the right of front speaking to delegate B who
agrees with the idea offered previously by
delegate A and will keep extend the idea to
gain more votes from the floor. It is
moderated by chairs.
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Appendix- a
Sample Position Paper
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Conference: Women Model Uni ted Nati ons 2012
Committee: Uni ted Nations Human Rights Commission-UNHCR
Topic: Women Employment i n Developing Countr ies
Country: Russia
Delegate: Kli Zahra
The Russian Federation appreciates the committee for taking up an important topic for discussion.Women employment is a serious subject that needs sole attention. Worldwide, women constitute 43% of
the agricultural workforce, over 70% in some countries and often run small businesses, dedicating up toall their income on providing for their families.
The Russian legislation provides privileges and guarantees for women. First, the Labor Code whichagrees with the international documents concerning legal regulation of night work and over time bywomen, which pregnant women are not supposed to perform. As the code says "requesting overtime
work from invalids and women who have children below the age of three is allowed only with theirwritten consent." They have even been guaranteed other benefits regarding their jobs.
In Russian federation women have always been on a better seat and have taken some influential positionsin the executive branch. One post of Minister of Social Protection in cabinet has become a "traditional"
women's position; in 1994. Prior to the 1995 elections, women held about 10 percent of the seats inParliament: fifty-seven of 450 seats in the State (Duma) and nine of 178 seats in the upper house of
parliament, the Federation Council. So is the case with the Russian politics, the most prominentmaterialization of women's political success has been the Women of Russia party which won 11 percent
of the vote and twenty-five seats in the 1993 national parliamentary elections and had its say against themilitary campaign in Chechnya, in 1994.
The Federal Employment Service and the Moscow Department of Work and Employment sponsoroccasional seminars and training projects for women and the disabled. By the end of 1992, in joint
seminars with Union of Women of Russia, 15,000 women had been assisted and a retraining program hadtrained 603 women for new professions in accounting, massage therapy, hairdressing, tailoring, and child-
care."
In Russia, 63% of women have jobs. This is more than the OECD average of 59% but less than the
72% employment rate of men in Russia. This 9% difference is lower than the OECD average of 13%
and suggests Russia could further improve employment opportunities for women but has generally beensuccessful in addressing the constraints and barriers women face accessing work.
Russia suggests in the honourable Committee that to counter the problem of inequality in wages
and unemployment of women in the Third world countries, there should be:
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An open competition rule in every state for every administrative and other posts, so thatwomen can come ahead by merit and no discrimination occurs.
Since the jobs like maternity are regarding women and they can understand them betterso such posts should be limited to only women.
Strict laws of equality and women employment should be provided in every stateslegislation.
There should be more skilful trainings of women regarding every post, so they cancompete on merit
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Appendix- b
SAMPLE RESOLUTION
Preambulatory Clauses
Separate Preambulatory Clauses withcommas
Underline (italicize) initiating phrases
Indent 5 spaces
Operative clauses
Number Operative clauses
Use a semicolon to separate operativeclauses
The General Assembly
Recallingits resolution 22/18 k of 24January 1979 and 34/931 L of 12 December1974, as well as Economic and Social Counciresolution 1990/50 of 23 July 1980,
Reaffirmingonce again the specialresponsibility of the United Nations and theinternational community towards the oppress
people of South Africa and their nationalliberation movement,
Notingthe great advance of the movemeagainst apartheid and for initiating phrasesnational liberation and the rise in politicalconsciousness of the oppressed people of So
Africa,
Condemningthe violence and repression
the apartheid regime against all opponents ofapartheid,
Recognizingthe need for increasedhumanitarian and educational assistance to thoppressed people of South Africa as well asdirect assistance to the liberation movementstheir legitimate struggle,
1. Appealsto all States to provide
humanitarian, educational, financial, and othenecessary assistance to the oppressed people South Africa and their national liberationmovement;
2. Urgesthe United Nations DevelopmProgram and other agencies within the United
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Use a period to end aresolution
Nations to expand their assistance to theoppressed people of South Africa and the So
African liberation movements recognized by Organization of African Unity, in consultatio
with the Special Committee Against Aparthei
3. Urgesall agencies within the UnitedNations system to ensure the participation ofSouth African liberation movements recognizby the Organization of African Unity in theirrelevant conferences and meetings, and toprovide financial assistance for that purpose;
4. Decidesto continue the authorizati
of adequate financial provisions in that budgethe United Nations to enable the South Africliberation movements recognized by theOrganization of African Unity - The AfricanNational Congress of South Africa and the P
A Africanist Congress of Azania - to maintainoffices in New York in order to participateeffectively in the deliberations of the SpecialCommittee and other appropriate bodies.
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Appendix- c
Online Resources
Guide Lines to MUNBattlefield Earth,Alnawaz Jiwahttp://www.vmun.com/documents/documents_model_un_guides.html
Guide to WorldMUN, World Model United Nations
http://www.worldmun.org/page/guide-to-model-UN
Model United Nations Headquarters, United Nations
Cyberschoolbus
http://cyberschoolbus.un.org/modelun/over.html
Model United Nations Preparation Guide, UNAUSAhttp://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/how-toparticipate/model-un-preparation
UNITED NATIONS RESOURCES
Security Council Resolutions Database
Online access to every resolution passed by the United Nations
Security Councilhttp://www.un.org/documents/scres.htm
General Assembly Resolutions DatabaseOnline access to every resolution passed by the General Assembly
http://www.un.org/documents/resga.htm
United Nations Bibliographic Information SystemA wealth of information can be found here, including historical voting
records and transcripts of speeches
http://unbisnet.un.org/
United Nations Documentation: Research Guide
Learn how to navigate through the extensive United Nations
Documentation databasehttp://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/
Member States of the United Nationshttp://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml
RESEARCH RESOURCES
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CIA World FactbookThe bread and butter of country research - start with this site!
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
Info please: Countries of the World
User friendly historical backgrounds on most countrieshttp://www.infoplease.com/countries.html
NEWS & MEDIA
Africa News (Africa)
http://www.africanews.com/
Al-Jazeera (Middle East)
http://aljazeera.com/
Asia News Network(Asia)http://www.asianewsnet.net/
Associated Press (United States)http://www.ap.org/
BBC News (Great Britain)http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/
CBC News (Canada)
http://www.cbc.ca/
China.org.cn (Government of China)
http://www.china.org.cn/
CNN News (United States)
http://www.cnn.com/
Latin American and Mexican News Directory (Latin America)
http://libguides.utsa.edu/latamnews
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For further details Contact: Ms. Pashmina Mughal
Assistant Professor, International Relations, Conflict and Peace Studies
Focal Person- NUMLMUN
Office: +9251-9257646-50 Ext: 260Email:[email protected]
Mr. Arshad MehmoodAssistant Professor, English-GS, NUML, Islamabad
Member- NUMLMUN
Office: +9251-9257646-50 Ext:
Cell: +92333-5160621
Email:[email protected]
Mr. Taj MuhammadDirector Student Affairs
Member- NUMLMUN
Office: +9251-9257646-50 Ext: 336
Cell: +92334-8511688
Email:[email protected]
Website:www.numl.edu.org.pk
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.numl.edu.org.pk/http://www.numl.edu.org.pk/http://www.numl.edu.org.pk/http://www.numl.edu.org.pk/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]