NMD202 Web Scripting

Week3

What we will cover today

Assignment 1 Email Database Concepts MySQL Exercises Server side validation Exercises

Assignment 1

Milestone 1 – due week 5

•Project Brief – What do you pretend to do•Data Model – ER Diagram must be submitted in a VISIO file

Assignment 1

Examples of what you can do:•Budget tracker•Mini-Blog•Address Book•Event Planner

3 tables at least

Email

PHP Can connect to a mail transfer agent to send emails.

Mail settings are configured in the php.ini file.

linux mail can be used (ie:postfix or sendmail) or you can use SMTP (platform independent)

Email

Send mail:

mail function:

mail ($to,$subject,$message);

This is the basic usage of mail, often you need to set headers as well.

Email

Setting Headers:

<?php

$to = 'nobody@example.com';

$subject = 'the subject';

$message = 'hello';

$headers = 'From: webmaster@example.com' . "\r\n" .

'Reply-To: webmaster@example.com' . "\r\n" .

'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();

mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);

?>

Email

Multiple lines in the message:

<?php

$message = “

Hello \n\r

This is another line \n\r

This is the third line \n\r

”;

?>

Email

It is also possible to send html email:

<?php

$message = “<h1>Hello</h1>”;

$headers = 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1' . "\r\n";

?>

Check http://au2.php.net/manual/en/function.mail.php

Email

PHP mail function is cumbersome, the php community has developed better solutions:

•LibMail •HTML Mime Mail

Email

PHP mail function is cumbersome, the php community has developed better solutions:•LibMail •HTML Mime mail

Allow: Send multiple attachments, receipts, etc...

Email

Security Considerations:

Sanitize user inputs before sending mail:•Header injection•Multiple recipient injection

Avoid using mail function unless you know what you are doing

Email

Some email applications tag emails sent from php as Spam if headers are not properly setup, ie:Yahoo, Google.

If you targeting clients that use these emails you need to tweak the headers.

Database Concepts

A Database is a structured collection of data

Usually databases are relational: The basic data structure of the relational model is a table where information about a particular entity (say, an employee) is represented in columns and rows

columns enumerate the various attributes of an entity

They obey to strict rules such as: a table cannot contain 2 identical rows.

Database Concepts

Database Concepts

Anomalies: logical or structural problems in the data model

Database normalization: Fixing anomalies, Normal forms (1nf, 2nf, 3nf)

Database Concepts

Database Concepts

http://www.geekgirls.com/databases_from_scratch_3.htm

Exercise:

Normalize the following Table:

Student Email Subject Name

Subject Description

Ass 1 Grade

Ass 2Grade

Exam Grade

Luis luis@as.com Maths1 Initial Maths 12

Luis luis@as.com Maths1 Initial Maths 14

Peter peter@as.com Web

ScriptPHP, javascript

15

Peter peter@as.com Maths 11 12 15

MySQL

Relational Database System – Query language ANSI SQL 99

Different type of tables: ISAM, InnoDB, etc.

ISAM – fast, but does not enforce referential integrity. (default)

InnoBD – enforces referential integrity, only available in MySQL v4+

MySQL

Commands:

show databases; - display all available databases

use #database; - sets the current database

show tables;-display all tables from current database

describe #table;-display table information

create... – create table

drop...- delete table/database

alter #table... – update a table structure

Insert into ... – inserts data into a table

update #table set... – update data from a table

Select ... from #table where... – query database

MySQL

Create Statement:

CREATE DATABASE sampleDatabase;

USE sampleDatabase;

CREATE TABLE

example(

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, PRIMARY KEY(id),

name VARCHAR(30),

age INT

);

MySQL

Create Statement:

CREATE DATABASE sampleDatabase;

USE sampleDatabase;

CREATE TABLE

example(

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, PRIMARY KEY(id),

name VARCHAR(30),

age INT

);

MySQL

Insert Statement:

INSERT INTO example (name,age) VALUES (‘Luis’,12);

INSERT INTO example (name,age) VALUES (‘Peter’,13);

INSERT INTO example (name,age) VALUES (‘John’,26);

INSERT INTO example (name,age) VALUES (‘Kim’,78);

INSERT INTO example (name,age) VALUES (‘Peter’,45);

MySQL

Query Database:

SELECT name,age FROM example;

Or

SELECT * FROM example WHERE name=‘Peter’;

MySQL

Update Database:

UPDATE

example

SET

name=‘Ryan’,

age = 35

WHERE

id=2;

MySQL

Using MySQL:

Start MySQL Server

From the command prompt go to:

C:\temp\xampp\mysql\bin

Start the client:

mysql –u root

MySQL

Keep your commands in scite in case you need to redo them. (it is easy to drop a table and start again instead of using the ALTER statement).

Make sure all commands are terminated with a semicolon ‘;’

MySQL

After you finished either keep your scite file with all your commands or do an sql dump of your work, run from the dos prompt (inside mysql bin folder)

mysqldump --databases [databasename] -u root >[backupfile.sql]

In our example:

mysqldump --databases sampleDatabase -u root > backup.sql

MySQL

To Restore the database:

mysql -u root < [backupfile.sql]

In our example:

mysql -u root < back.sql

Exercise:

Create the data model that you normalized in your previous exercise

Insert some more records into the tables (students, subjects and grades)

Update all Luis grades to 100

Delete all peter records

Backup your database, send me the dump by email