NJF EWRS seminar BME - orgprints.orgorgprints.org/28735/7/28735.pdf · EWRS_NJF seminar on...

27th January 2014AARHUSUNIVERSITY

EWRS_NJF seminar on Integrated Weed Management 27-29 January 2014

The suppression of Cirsium arvense and Elytrigia repensexerted by competitive crops plays a key role for their y p v p p y y

management in organic cropping systems

Bo Melander

Department of AgroecologyDepartment of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityResearch Centre FlakkebjergDK-4200 Slagelse

TATIONpRÆSEN

DK 4200 Slagelse

[email protected]

TAT ONpRÆSEN

Perennial weedsBo Melander

Weed Scientist

27th January, 2014AARHUSUNIVERSITY

Weed Scientist

Results from long-termed organic crop rotation experiments at three locations

Treatments:

experiments at three locations

– Crop rotation– Entry point / sequence– Manuring– Catch cropp– Various control tactics

CropSysCropSys

2


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Organic cropping systems at three locations in DK, 1997-2009

5 % clay, 950 mm

F l

y,10 % clay, 700 mm15 % clay 600 mmFoulum 15 % clay, 600 mm

FlakkebjergJyndevad

3

y


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Major perennial weeds in Danish organic farming j p g g

Common couch grass (Elytrigia repens)

Creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense)Creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)

Sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis)

Docks (Rumex spp.)

4


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Couch grass Creeping thistle

5


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

The cropping systems at Jyndevad, a coarse sand

Cycles Crop rotation O1 Crop rotation O21997-2000 S. barley:ley S. barley:ley

Grass-clover Grass-cloverS. wheat W. wheatLupin Pea:barley

2001-2004 S. barley:ley S. barley:leyGrass-clover Grass-cloverS. oats W. ryeyPea:barley Lupin:bean:barley

2005-2009 S. barley S. barley:leyy y yPulse crop Grass-cloverPotato PotatoW. wheat W. wheat

6± catch crops, ±manure (slurry)


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Couch grass development in rotation O2 on coarsesand

Entry 1 Entry 1

30

35

m-2

)

y

-CC

30

35

Entry 1

+CC

20

25

f spi

kes

(m

20

25

5

10

15

Num

ber o

f

5

10

15

0

5

98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

GC WW PB SB GC WR LBB SB GC PO WW SB

N

0

5

98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

GC WW PB SB GC WR LBB SB GC PO WW SB

7

GC WW PB SB GC WR LBB SB GC PO WW SB GC WW PB SB GC WR LBB SB GC PO WW SB


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Couch grass development in three cycles in rotation O2 on coarse sand

C1: 1997-00

C2 2001 04C2: 2001-04

C3: 2005-09

60

70

80

m-2

)

Non-manured plots

-CC

+CC60

70

80

m

-2)

Manured plots

-CC

+CC

30

40

50

60

er o

f spi

kes

(

30

40

50

60

er o

f spi

kes

(

0

10

20

PB SB WW LU LBB SB WR OA PO SB WW

Num

be

0

10

20

PB SB WW LU LBB SB WR OA PO SB WW

Num

be

8

C1 C1 C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C3 C3 C3 C3 C1 C1 C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C3 C3 C3 C3


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Multiplicative model for calculating the effects of the experimental

factors on E. repens proliferation

t

n jkY3

(1)

k jkjkitY

1 1)()(

tt 3

(1)

k

tkjj

jkk

kit EnY1

)(1

)( )ln()ln()ln()5.0ln( (2)

Yt is the number of spikes in the plot at time t

α is the initial number of spikes in the plot

βik is the effect of crop type i for year k

γjk is the effect of cultivation category j for year k

i h b f l i i f j i k9

njk is the number of cultivations of category j in year k

Et is a random effect of year t.


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Statistical output Effect Estimate SE DDF t-value Probt FactorEffect Estimate SE DDF t-value Probt. FactorIntercept: -1.724a 0.803 3.83 -2.15 0.1013Feff -0.224 0.034 155 -6.59 <.0001 0.799Meff -0.969 0.443 208 -2.19 0.0297 0.379Seff(-CC) -0.157 0.018 200 -8.91 <.0001 0.854Seff(+CC) -0.306 0.049 276 -6.27 <.0001 0.736Fab 0.342 0.261 386 1.31 0.1906 1.408LupG 1 604 0 410 239 3 91 0 0001 4 975LupG 1.604 0.410 239 3.91 0.0001 4.975LupC 1.080 0.234 303 4.61 <.0001 2.945LBB 2.124 0.251 281 8.45 <.0001 8.363OatG 0.950 0.367 178 2.59 0.0104 2.587OatC 1.109 0.386 475 2.87 0.0042 3.032Pea/Sba 1.275 0.162 290 7.89 <.0001 3.578SbaB 0.932 0.149 82.6 6.26 <.0001 2.541SbaC 0 806 0 151 291 5 33 < 0001 2 240SbaC 0.806 0.151 291 5.33 <.0001 2.240Swh 1.794 0.325 131 5.52 <.0001 6.012Wry(-CC) 0.536 0.515 239 1.04 0.2992 1.709Wry(+CC) -0.355 0.500 237 -0.71 0.4783 0.701

10

WwhG 1.694 0.343 150 4.93 <.0001 5.440WwhB 0.710 0.286 254 2.48 0.0136 2.034FertAll -0.323 0.126 74.3 -2.56 0.0126 0.724


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Factors that promoted Couch-grass growth

No Factors Effects1 Pulse:barley mixture +736%2 S i h t 501%2 Spring wheat +501%3 Winter wheat / grass-clover as the preceding crop +444%4 Lupin / grass-clover as the preceding crop +397%5 Oat / cereals as the preceding crop +203%7 Lupin / cereals as the preceding crop +195%8 Oat / grass-clover as the preceding crop +158%g p g p

9 Spring barley / no cereals as the preceding crop +154%10 Spring barley / cereals as the preceding crops +124%11 Wi t h t / i b l th di 103%11 Winter wheat / spring barley as the preceding crop +103%12 Winter rye 0%13 Potatoes 0%

11


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Factors that reduced the Couch-grass population g p p

No Factors Effects

1 Mini summer fallow -62%

2 Stubble cultivation followed by a catch crop -26%

3 Tine cultivation in spring -20%3 Tine cultivation in spring 20%

4 Fertilisation -18%

5 Stubble cultivation without a subsequent catch -14%5 Stubble cultivation without a subsequent catchcrop

-14%

12


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Factor f. population change versus crop biomasses

LBB9

SW

LBB

6

7

8

n change

LUGWWG

SW

PB4

5

6

pop

ulation

FBWW WR‐CC

SB

PBOA LU

1

2

3

Factor fo

r

WR+CC0

1

200 300 400 500 600 700Cropbiomass (g m‐2)

13

Crop biomass (g m‐2)


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

The cropping systems at Flakkebjerg, a sandy loam

Cycles Crop rotation O2 Crop rotation O41997-2000 S. barley:ley Oat

Grass-clover W. wheatW. wheat W. wheat1

Pea:barley Pea:barley

2001-2004 S. barley:ley W. wheatGrass-clover OatW. wheat S. barleyyLupin:barley Lupin3

2005-2008 S. barley:ley S. barleyy y yGrass-clover Faba beanPotato PotatoW. wheat W. wheat

14± catch crops, ±manure (slurry)


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Proliferation of perennial weeds at Flakkebjerg p j g

Perennial weeds, main Creeping thistle, at Flakkebjerg

45

50

Rotation O2 Rotation O4

30

35

40

2 )

15

20

25

omass (g m

‐2

5

10

15

Bio

15

01997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Main factors affecting the growth of creeping thistle

C t ti

thistle

Crop rotation Entry point, i.e. the specific crop sequence– Catch crop– ManureManure– Stubble cultivation

16


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

The importance of entry point / crop sequence p y p p q

Creeping thistle in crop rotation O2

LB SB12

14

)

Entry 2

8

10

kg p

lot-1

Entry 3

SB

4

6

wei

ght(

k

GC WWLBWW

GC0

2

2001 2002 2003 2004

Fres

hw

17

2001 2002 2003 2004Year


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

C op effects on c eeping thistle Crop effects on creeping thistle

Crop EffectsLupin 8.9p

Lupin:barley 2.6

Winter wheat 2.0

Spring barley 1.0p g y

18


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Perennial weeds biomass versus crop biomass in O2 with grass-clover

‐ Fertilizer + Fertilizer ‐ Fertilizer + Fertilizer

WWC33.5

4

4.5

WWC3

2.5

3

omas

sg

m-2

)

1

1.5

2

LOG

(PW

bio

0

0.5

4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5

19

‐0.55 5 5 5 6 6 5 5

LOG(Crop biomass g m-2)


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

C. arvense fresh biomass versus crop biomass in O2 with grass-clover

3 5


2

3

3.52 )

2

2.5

biom

ass

g m

-2

1

1.5

LOG

(PW

b

0

0.5

5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5‐0.5

20LOG(Crop biomass g m-2)


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Perennial weeds biomass versus crop biomass in O4


4

4.5

5om

ass

g m

-2)

2 5

3

3.5

LOG

(PW

bio

1.5

2

2.5

0

0.5

1

21LOG(Crop biomass g m-2) 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

C. arvense fresh biomass versus crop biomass in O4

4 5

‐ Fertilizer + Fertilizer ‐ Fertilizer + Fertilizer2 )

3.5

4

4.5bi

omas

sg

m-2

2.5

3

3.5

LOG

(PW

b

1.5

2

0.5

1

22LOG(Crop biomass g m-2) 5 5.5 6 6.5 7


Weed Scientist

27th January, 2014AARHUSUNIVERSITY 24 november 2011Rodukrudtsbekæmpelse

Bo Melander m.fl.Weed Scientist

Competitive crops and biomassØkologi-kongres 2011

23


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Competitive crops and catch crops to suppress C. arvense

Cirsium arvense number, weight and length at different times during the experiment

C arvense C arvense C arvenseCrop C. arvense, # m-2

C. arvense, g m-2

C. arvense, mean length in cm

Crop 2009

June 2009

July 2010

Nov. 2009

July 2010

July 2010

Oilseed rape

14.5a 49.0a 21.8a 453.8a 33.2a

Fibre h

1.3b 5.3b 0a 61.8a 17.7a hemp1st year grass-clover

0.3b 6.5b 2.3a 110.2a 32.8a

2nd year grass-clover

0.1b 7.3b 1.1a 72.1a 34.8a

Results within the same column with the same letter are not significantly different at24

Results within the same column with the same letter are not significantly different atP<0.05.


Weed Scientist


Weed Scientist

Concl sions Conclusions

Species specific dynamics Crop suppression important but different responses Crop suppression important but different responses

to crop attributes C i i l t id i i i ‘ k Crop sequencing crucial to avoid or minimize ‘weak

gaps’ and make room for mechanical control Fertilization and catch crop

25

NJF EWRS seminar BME - orgprints.orgorgprints.org/28735/7/28735.pdf · EWRS_NJF seminar on...

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