NIXON’S FOREIGN POLICY NIXON’S FOREIGN POLICY Sec. 31-1 Pages 896-900 Sec. 31-1 Pages 896-900

Define: Détente – balance of power – embargo – shuttle diplomacy

Identify: Richard Nixon – Henry Kissinger – Zhou Enlai- Leonid Brezhnev – Yom Kippur War – Golda Meir – Anwar Sadat - Gen. Augusto Pinochet

Easing the Cold WarEasing the Cold WarDétente Policy – a policy which attempts to relax

or ease tensions between nations1969- Pres. Nixon first US president to go behind

iron curtain – find common interests Appointed Henry Kissinger – Nat’l Security Adviser Believed peace among nations comes through

negotiations, not threats or forceBelieved in balance of power – distribution of

power among nations to prevent any one nations from becoming too powerful or dominating

People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of ChinaSince 1949, US had

not recognized the Communist Chinese gov’t.

In April 1971,US opened trade with China

Feb. 1972- Pres. Nixon visited Beijing, capital and met Zhou Enlai (Premier) – both agreed to exchange cultural ideas and resume trade.

Soviet UnionSoviet UnionNixon visited Moscow (capital) in May

1972 (1st US president to visit Soviet capital)Soviets need US grain and hope to

gain US technology .Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev and

Nixon signed SALT I Treaty – restricting certain types of nuclear missiles (ICBM and submarine-launched) in both arsenals.

Began to reduce tensions between US & Soviets – agreed to work together in trade and science

SUMMARIZESUMMARIZEVocab term - a policy which attempts to

relax or ease tensions between nations Vocab term - distribution of power among

nations to prevent any one nations from becoming too powerful or dominating

What area did Nixon visit – 1st time for US president?

What was the SALT I treaty?

MIDDLE EASTMIDDLE EASTArab-Israeli Tensions- Oct. 6,US had continued to support Jewish

state of Israel. The Six Day War in 1967 left Israel in control of Jerusalem, West Bank, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.

Thousands of Palestinians lived in Israeli-held territory in neighboring Arab states.

Palestinians demanded own homeland.

YOM KIPPUR WARYOM KIPPUR WAROct. 6, 1973 Egypt and Syria attacked Israel

to regain lost territory in Six-Day War.It was Yom Kippur (Jewish holiday)- Day of

Atonement – last 10 days of repentance and 25 hours of fasting and prayer. They ask for forgiveness of wrongs

US supplied military aid to Israel.US pressured Israel to accept cease fire –

Israel regained initial lost territory plus land in Syria and Egypt

Arab oil producing nations imposed embargo

(ban on shipments) on US – caused gas shortage

Shuttle DiplomacyShuttle DiplomacyNixon sent Sec. of State, Henry Kissinger,

to Arab leaders to negotiate agreement traveling back and forth between capitals of Israel, Egypt, and Syria.

In early 1974, Israel prime minister, Golda Meir, and Egyptian Pres. Anwar el-Sadat, agreed to separate Israel and Arab forces in Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights.

Kissinger persuaded Arabs to end embargo – US promised large foreign aid to Egypt, the most powerful Arab state at this time.

LATIN AMERICALATIN AMERICAChile – Pres. Salvador Allende - follower of Karl Marx’s communism.

With CIA backing, Chilean military leaders under Gen. Augusto Pinochet overthrew and killed Allende. US recognized new military dictatorship and restored foreign aid to Chile.

SUMMARIZESUMMARIZEWhat countries were involved in

the Six Day War?What US Sec. of State gained peace

agreements?What vocab word means ban on

shipments?What country in Latin America did

the CIA help overthrow their leader?