Nitrogen Footprint of Food Production in the EU-27 and Africa
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Nitrogen Footprint of Food Production
in the EU-27 and Africa
Jan Peter Lesschen, Igor Staritsky, Adrian Leip and Oene Oenema
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Outline presentation
Introduction
Model approach
Comparison EU-27 and Africa
N footprint results
Discussion
Conclusions
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Introduction
Need to increase food production and lower environmental impact
N footprint for EU available
Nitrogen use efficiency is generally low in livestock production systems
N footprint for Africa still unknown
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cattle (beef)
Cattle (milk)
Pork (meat)
Poultry (eggs)
Poultry (meat)
N in feed
Feed N recovery efficiency in edible weight (%)
Higher Nefficiency
Larger N footprint
per kg foodBeef 2-10%
Veal 10-20%
Higher Nefficiency
Larger N footprint
per kg foodBeef2-10%
Veal10-20%
Higher Nefficiency
Larger N footprint
per kg foodBeef 2-10%
Veal 10-20%
Higher Nefficiency
Larger N footprint
per kg foodBeef 2-10%
Veal 10-20%
Higher Nefficiency
Larger N footprint
per kg foodBeef2-10%
Veal10-20%
Sutton et al. (2011), ENA report
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
MITERRA-Global
A model for integrated assessment of N (C and P) emissions from agriculture, based on MITERRA-Europe
Global coverage
At country and province level (n= 2467)
Statistics (2007-2009 data)
● 40 crop types (AgroMaps and FAOSTAT)
● 12 livestock types (FAOSTAT)
GIS maps (land cover, soil, climate, N deposition)
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Excretion, emission and leaching factors
Average crop nutrient content based on range of global studies and data sources
Excretion and manure management systems: IPCC 2006 guidelines and GAINS and UNFCCC for EU-27
GHG and SOC: IPCC 2006 guidelines (Tier 1-2)
NH3: EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook 2009, Tier 2 approach, based on TAN
N leaching and runoff: according to MITERRA-Europe (Velthof et al., 2009)
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Approach and Nr sources
N footprint = (Ninput – Noutput) / mproduct (Leip et al., 2013)
● Ninput: manure, mineral fertilizer, BNF, deposition
Included reactive N sources:
● Housing and manure management
● Direct (manure, grazing, mineral fertilizer) and indirect soil emissions
● Fertilizer production
● (Fossil fuel use)
Allocation of N inputs and Nr emissions to feed and food crops
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Commodities / functional units
1 kg carcass of meat - beef - pork - chicken
1 kg of eggs
1 kg of cereals
1 kg of potato /root crop
1 kg of milk cow
1 kg of leguminous crops
1 kg of fruits and vegetables
1 kg of sugar crop
1 kg of oil crop
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Total soil N input
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Harvested crop removal
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Soil N surplus
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Reactive N emissions
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
N footprint crop commodities
N footprint
Crop production
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
N footprint livestock commodities
N footprint
Livestock production
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Nr emissions per crop commodity
EU-27 Africa
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Nr emissions per livestock commodity
EU-27 Africa
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Discussion
Substantial uncertainties, especially for Africa:
● Input data (e.g. grassland yield)
● Allocation of feed to livestock species
● Allocation of manure and fertilizer to different crops
● Nitrogen content crops
Non-ruminants have lower N footprint due to better feed conversion
N footprint based on inputs not necessarily same as N footprint reactive N emissions
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Nitrogen Conference, Uganda, 18-11-2013
Conclusions
Large differences in the N footprint between food commodities, with plant-based commodities having relatively low N losses and livestock products much higher N losses
N footprint for most food commodities lower in Africa due to very low inputs, however, Nr emissions about equal
N footprint of food consumption more determined by diet choices than region of food production