NIO Upper Inter Comps French

7/31/2019 NIO Upper Inter Comps French

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Upper intermediate

Companion

French 1st Edition

Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jil l Leatherbarrow

Inside Out

New


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Welcome to the New Inside OutUpper intermediate Companion!

What information does the NewInside OutCompanion give you?

a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of NewInside OutUpper intermediateStudents Book

pronunciation of the key words and phrases translations of the key words and phrases sample sentences showing the words and phrases in context a summary of the Grammar Extra Reference from New Inside OutUpper intermediate Students Book

(art) article

(v) verb(v*) irregular verb

(adj) adjective

(n) noun

(phr v) phrasal verb

(pron) pronoun(prep) preposition

(det) determiner

(f) feminine

(m) masculine

(pl n) plural noun(adv) adverb

(conj) conjunction

// big fish /b f/

/i/ green beans /grin binz//U/ should look /d lk//u / blue moon /blu mun//e/ ten eggs /ten egz/

// about mother /bat m/

// learn words /ln wdz/// short talk /t tk/// fat cat /ft kt/

// must come /mst km/

// calm start /km stt/

// hot spot /ht spt/

// ear ///e/ face /fes/

// pure /pj/

// boy /b/

// nose /nz/

/e/ hair /he/

/a/ eye /a/

/a/ mouth /ma/

/p/ pen /pen/

/b/ bad /bd/

/t/ tea /ti//d/ dog /dg/

/t/ church /tt/

/d/ jazz /dz/

/k/ cost /kst/

/g/ girl /gl//f/ far /fr/

/v/ voice /vos/

// thin /n/

// then /en/

/s/ snake /snek//z/ noise /noz/

// shop /p/// measure /mer/

/m/ make /mek//n/ nine /nan/

// sing /a/

/h/ house /has/

/l/ leg /leg/

/r/ red /red/

/w/ wet /wet/

/j/ yes /jes/

VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS CONSONANTS


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1

Unit 1 (p.4)

adopt a child /dpt ald/ Madonna and her husband adopted a child from Malawi, called David

Banda.

annoy (v) /n/ It annoys Belinda that some people think the royal family had

something to do with Dianas death.

ascent (n) /sent/ Someones ascent to stardom is the way in which they progress

towards or achieve fame.

attract criticism /trkt krtsz()m/ The adoption attracted criticism from people who felt Madonna had

used her fame to fast-track it.

bleach (v) /bli/ People who bleach their hair use a special product to make it blonde.

as bright as a button /z brat z bt()n/ Someone who is as bright as a button is very intelligent.

buckle down (phr v) /bk()l dan/ When you buckle down, you start to work hard to achieve something.

calm down (phr v) /km dan/ Dont get so angry just calm down!

career-wise (adj) /krwaz/ Career-wise, Madonna is as successful now as shes ever been.celebrity (n) /slebrti/ Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon.

charity (n) /rti/ Princess Diana raised a lot of money for charity.

chilly (adj) /li/ Chilly is a word that means 'cold'.

collar (v) /kl/ If you collar someone, you find someone and force them to talk or

listen to you.

consolidator (n) /knsldet/ When we say that Madonna is a consolidator of trends, we mean she

makes them more popular and well known.

controversy (n) /kntrvsi; kntrvsi/ Madonna is no stranger to controversy and has shocked many people

over the years.

cowgirl (n) /kagl/ A cowgirl is a girl or woman whose job is to look after cows on a ranch.

criticism (n) /krtsz()m/ Criticism is a comment or comments that you think something is

wrong or bad.

to date /t det/ To date is an expression meaning 'until now'.

death (n) /de/ Belinda thinks that Dianas death was a tragic accident.

distinctive (adj) /dstktv/ Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different

from other things.

adopter un enfant

agacer, contrarier

ascension

attirer la critique

dcolorer

brillant comme un sou neuf

se coller au boulot

se calmer

ct carrireclbrit

oeuvre de bienfaisance

frisquet

saisir (qn) au collet

prescripteur (de mode)

controverse

cowgirl

critique

jusqu maintenant

mort

distinctif


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2

dreadful (adj) /dredf()l/ Im sorry were so late the traffic was dreadful.

earth mother (n) / m/ An earth mother is someone who prefers natural methods of living

and likes to look after people.

ever-evolving (adj) /evrvlv/ Something that is ever-evolving changes all the time and stays

fashionable.

exceptionally (adv) /ksep()nli/ Madonna is an exceptionally talented singer.

an existing look /n gzst lk/ Madonna picks up on an existing look and makes it her own.

explode (v) /kspld/ At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular.

be up to your eyes in sth /bi p t jr az n If you are up to your eyes in work, you are extremely busy.

/sm/

fame (n) /fem/ Some people felt Madonna had used her fame to fast-track the

adoption.

feature film (n) /fi flm/ A feature film is a film that is made for the cinema.

fit in (phr v) /ft n/ Madonna was different and didnt fit in with the popular group.

geisha (n) /ge/ A geisha is a Japanese woman, whose job is to entertain men.

genius (n) /inis/ A genius is someone who is extremely clever or talented.

global (adj) /glb()l/ Something that is global is well known all over the world.gracefully (adv) /gresf()li/ If you do something gracefully, you do it in a quiet way without

drawing attention to yourself.

highlight (n) /halat/ Seeing the Great Wall was the highlight of Danas trip to China.

hitchhike (v) /hhak/ Madonna hitchhiked to New York with $35 in her pocket.

hound (v) /hand/ If journalists hound a famous person, they do not leave them alone.

huge (adj) /hju/ Watching the first man land on the Moon made a huge impression

on Alec.

icon (n) /akn/ Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon.

iconic (adj) /aknk/ How did Madonna achieve her iconic status?

the key to sth / ki t sm/ She realised that marketing was the key to her success.

kid (n) /kd/ A kid is an informal word meaning a 'child'.

leotard (n) /litd/ A leotard is a tight piece of clothing that people wear when they

dance or exercise.

lingering (adj) /lgr/ A lingering kiss is one that lasts for quite a long time.

look back (phr v) /lk bk/ She had her first hit with Holidayin 1984 and has never looked back.

mainstream (adj) /menstrim/ Something that is mainstream is used, liked, or accepted by most people.

pouvantable

mre nature, mama colo

toujours voluant

exceptionnellement

un style existant

exploser

avoir du travail par-dessus

la tte

clbrit

long mtrage

saccorder (avec)

geisha

gnie

universelavec grce

clou

faire du stop

poursuivre

norme

icne

dicne

la cl de qch

gosse

justaucorps

prolong

aller de mieux en mieux

de tendance gnrale


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4

estime de soi

image de soi

guichets ferms

vendre son image

spectaculaire

le portrait tout crach de qn

simmobiliser

clbrit

statut (n)

descendre

monter

lutte

label universelreconsidrer

se serrer la ceinture

marque dpose

tragique

attnuation

richesse

ne pas cacher ses sentiments

bizarre

mettre en bote

self-esteem (n) (TS) /selfstim/ Clothes that are clean and neat say that you care about yourself and

have good self-esteem.

self-image (n) (TS) /selfm/ CHAPS magazine are doing a survey about mens self-image.

sell out (phr v) /sel at/ If a concert sells out, people buy all the tickets and there are none left.

sell your image /sel jr m/ Shes a talented business woman whos brilliant at selling her image.

spectacular (adj) /spektkjl/ At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular.

the spitting image of sb / spt m v Someone who is the spitting image of another person looks exactly

/smbdi/ like them.

stand still /stnd stl/ A situation that stands still stops developing.

stardom (n) /stdm/ Stardom is the state of being very famous.

status (n) /stets/ Madonna achieved her iconic status by constantly changing and

staying fashionable.

step down (phr v) /step dan/ I dont want to step down I want to carry on with my career.

step up (phr v) /step p/ She is stepping up career-wise and has no exit plan.

struggle (n) /strg()l/ A struggle is a difficult period of time during which you have to work

very hard.

super-brand (n) /supbrnd/ The name Madonna is a global super-brand.think back (on) (phr v) /k bk (n) / Think backon her career its not the songs you remember, its the

images.

tighten yr belt /tat()n j belt/ If you tighten your belt, you spend less money.

trademark (n) /tredmk/ In 1979 she registered 'Madonna' as a trademark.

tragic (adj) /trk/ Dianas death was a tragic accident.

understatement (n) /ndstetmnt/ An understatement is something that you say that makes something

seem less important than it is.

wealth (n) /wel/ Someones wealth is the amount of money they have.

wear your heart on your sleeve /we j ht n j sliv/ If you wear your heart on your sleeve, you show your feelings to other

people.

weird (adj) (TS) /wd/ Something that is weird is strange in an unexpected or slightly

frightening way.

wind up (phr v) /wand p/ If someone is easy to wind up, it is easy to make them angry or upset.


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CLOTHING AND APPEARANCE

bangles (n) /bg()lz/ A bangle is a big circular bracelet that you wear around your wrist.

belt (n) /belt/ A belt is a narrow piece of leather or cloth that you wear around your

waist.

buckle (n) /bk()l/ A buckle is a metal object used for fastening a belt.

button (n) /bt()n/ A button is a small round object that you push through a hole to

fasten clothes.

casual (adj) /kul/ Casual clothes are comfortable and suitable for informal situations.

change your style /en j stal/ If you change your style, you change the type of clothes you wear.

collar (n) /kl/ A collar is the part of a shirt or coat that goes around your neck.

cool (adj) /kul/ Clothes that are cool are fashionable and attractive.

cuff (n) /kf/ A cuff is the part of a sleeve that goes around your wrist.

hem (n) /hem/ A hem is the bottom edge of a dress, skirt or coat.

image (n) /m/ The genius of Madonna is the way she manages her image.

image-conscious (adj) /mkns/ Someone who is image-conscious cares about their clothes and

appearance.

lacy gloves (n pl) /lesi glvz/ Lacy gloves are made of fine material and have small holes in them.professional (adj) /prfe()nl/ Someone who looks professional wears smart clothes that are suitable

for work.

satin (n) /stn/ Satin is a smooth, shiny expensive material.

sleeves (n pl) /slivz/ The sleeves are the part of a piece of clothing that covers your arms.

sporty (adj) /spti/ Sporty clothes are designed for doing sport or for informal occasions.

trendy (adj) /trendi/ Someone who is trendy wears fashionable and attractive clothes.

zip (n) /zp/ A zip is a long piece of metal or plastic used for opening or closing a

piece of clothing.

COLLOCATIONS

designer/old-fashioned/scruffy /dzan/ldf()nd/ Designer clothes are expensive and fashionable;

clothes /skrfi klz/ old-fashioned clothes are not modern; scruffy clothes are untidy or

dirty.

bright/close-set/staring eyes /brat/klsset/ster Bright eyes look lively and intelligent; close set eyes are very near each

/az/ other; staring eyes seem to look at you in a very fixed way.

5

bracelet, jonc

ceinture

boucle

bouton

sportif, simple

changer de style

col

cool

poignet

ourlet

image

conscient de son image

gants de dentelleprofessionnel

satin

manches

sportif

la mode

fermeture clair

vtements de couturier/

dmods/ngligs

des yeux brillants/rapprochs/

fixes


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expressive/impassive/round face /kspresv/mpsv/ An expressive face shows what you are feeling; an impassive face does

rand fes/ not show what you are feeling; a round face has the shape of a circle.

sleek/spiky/tousled hair /slik/spaki/taz()ld he/ Sleek hair is smooth and shiny; spiky hair sticks up; tousled hair looks

untidy.

firm/hearty/limp handshake /fm/hti/lmp hndek/ A firm or hearty handshake feels strong; a limp handshake feels weak.

abrasive/charming/mild manner /bresv/m/mald An abrasive manner seems rude; a charming

mn/ manner is friendly and pleasant; a mild manner is kind and gentle.

fake/forced/warm smile /fek/fst/wm smal/ A fake or forced smile is not natural or genuine; a warm smile is kind

and friendly.

deep/husky/shrill voice /dip/hski/rl vs/ A deep or husky voice is low; a shrill voice is high and unpleasant.

WORD FORMATION

rearrange (v) /riren/ If you rearrange people or things, you put them in a different place.

rebuild (v) /ribld/ If you rebuild something, you build it again after it has been damaged

or destroyed.reconsider (v) /riknsd/ If you reconsider a decision, you think about it again in order to

decide whether you should change it.

reconstruct (v) /riknstrkt/ If you reconstruct something, you build it again.

rediscover (v) /ridskv/ If you rediscover something, you discover it again.

redo (v) /ridu / If you redo something, you do it again in a different way in order to

improve it.

redraft (v) /ridrft/ If you redraft something, you write it again in order to make changes

to it.

re-examine (v) /rigzmn/ If you re-examine something, you look at or think about it carefully

again.

reinvent (v) /rinvent/ If you reinvent something, you change something that already existsand give it a different purpose.

reinvention (n) /rinven()n/ Madonna is known as the queen of reinvention!

relocate (v) /rilket/ If you relocate, you move to a different place.

remake (v) /rimek/ If you remake something, you make it again in a different way.

reorganise (v) /rignaz/ If you reorganise something, you organise something in a different way.

6

visage expressif/inexpressif/

rond

chevelure brillante/hrisse/

emmle

poigne de main ferme/

chaleureuse/molle

manire brusque/charmante/

douce

sourire faux/forc/chaleureux

voix profonde/rauque/aigu

replacer

reconstruire

reconsidrer

reconstruire

redcouvrir

refaire

rdiger de nouveau

rexaminer

rinventer

rinvention

dmnager

refaire

rorganiser


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repackage (v) /ripk/ If you repackage something, you present it in a different way to make

it look more attractive.

reschedule (v) /riedjul/ If you reschedule something, you, you change the time when it was

planned to happen.

rethink (v) /rik/ If you rethink something, you think about it again in order to improve it.

reunite (v) /rijunat/ If you reunite people, you bring them together again.

reword (v) /riwd/ If you reword something, you express it using different words.

rewrite (v) /rirat/ If you rewrite something, you write it using different words in order to

improve it.

Unit 2 (p.14)

academic qualifications (n pl) /kdemk/ Your academic qualifications are the exams you have passed at school,

/kwlfke()nz/ college or university.

act (n) /kt/ An act is a short performance of singing, dancing etc.adolescence (n) /dles()ns/ Adolescence is the period of time when you are a teenager.

adulthood (n) /dlthd; dlthd/ Adulthood is the period of life when you are an adult.

all-in-one (adj) /lnwn/ An all-in-one piece of clothing is made up of separate parts that look

like one part.

aptitude (n) /pttjud/ If you have an aptitude for something, you are good at it.

backroad (n) /bkrd/ The backroads are small, quiet roads with less traffic.

ball girl (n) /bl gl/ A ball girl is a girl whose job is to throw a ball back to a player during

a match.

bus pass (n) /bs ps/ A bus pass is a special ticket that allows older people to travel by bus

without paying.

childhood (n) /aldhd/ Childhood is the period of time when you are a child.clown around (phr v) /klan rand/ If you clown around, you act in a silly or stupid way.

comically (adv) /kmk()li/ Comically is an adverb that means 'in a way that seems amusing'.

compensate (v) /kmpnset/ If something compensates for something else, it makes it seem less bad.

cosmetic surgery (n) /kzmetk sri/ Cosmetic surgery is a medical operation to improve someones

appearance.

7

remballer

replanifier

repenser

runir

reformuler

rcrire

diplmes universitaires

acteadolescence

ge adulte

ensemble

aptitude

route carte

lanceuse de balle

carte senior

enfance

faire le clown

comiquement

compenser

chirugie esthtique


10/78

cuddle (v) /kd()l/ If you cuddle someone, you put your arms around them to show that

you love them.

do sb a favour /du smbdi fev/ If you do someone a favour, you do something in order to help them.

dote on sb (phr v) /dt n smbdi/ If you dote on someone, you love them very much.

dread (v) /dred/ If you dread something, you are very frightened that it might happen.

drop (v) (TS) /drp/ As soon as we told Sarah we liked Jeremy, she dropped him.

dull (adj) /dl/ Dull is an adjective that means 'boring'.

to good/excellent etc effect /t gd/ekslnt fekt/ If you use something to good effect, you use it in a way that impresses

people.

sbs elders (n pl) /smbdiz eldz/ Your elders are people who are older than you.

exchange (=a person) (n) /ksen/ When she was 15, Viv went to stay with her German exchange, Frauke

Schoon.

(school) exchange (n) / (skul) ksen/ Have you ever done a school exchange?

exoticism (n) /gztszm/ Viv loved the exoticism of new friends such as Axelle and Amalia.

extended family (n) /kstendd fm()li/ An extended family is a large family group that includes grandparents,

aunts, uncles, cousins etc.

fake ID (n) /fek adi / Fake ID is an identity card that has been made to look real in order totrick people.

family background (n) /fm()li bkgrand/ Your family background is the type of family that you come from.

faultline (n) /fltlan/ Faultlines are small problems that develop.

fluency (n) /flunsi/ Fluency in a language is the ability to speak it well.

fool around (phr v) /ful rand/ If you fool around, you act in a silly or stupid way.

see the funny side of sth /si fni sad v/ If you see the funny side of something, you see the

sm/ amusing part of a difficult or embarrassing situation.

get to hear about sth /get t hr bat/sm/ All Alexs friends got to hear about the fact that his father was a clown.

grow apart (phr v) /gr pt/ Viv and Axelle grew apart and eventually lost touch.

have a wild side /hv wald sad/ Amalia was quiet but had a secret wild side.

hip (adj) /hp/ Someone who is hip is cool and trendy.host family (n) /hst fm()li/ Your host family is the family that welcomes you into their home.

humiliation (n) /hjumlien/ Humiliation is the state of feeling embarrassed and ashamed.

immersion (n) /m()n/ Immersion is a way of learning another language in which you only

use the foreign language in class.

infancy (n) /nfnsi/ Infancy is the period of time when you are a baby or very young child.

be on its last legs /bi n ts lst legz/ If something is on its last legs, it is very old and no longer very useful.

8

cliner

faire qn une faveur

aimer qn la folie

redouter

laisser tomber (qn)

ennuyant

pour faire bon/excellent

effet

les ans de qn

correspondante

change scolaire

exotisme

famille au sens large

fausse carte didentit

antcdent familial

failles

aisance

faire limbcile

voir le ct drle de qch

entendre parler de qch

grandir spars

avoir un ct extravagant

la pagefamille daccueil

humiliation

immersion

petite enfance

tirer vers sa fin


11/78

sbs loved ones (n pl) /smbdiz lvd wnz/ Your loved ones are the people you love, especially members of your

family.

(club) mascot (n) / (klb) mskt/ Kayleighs mum is club mascot for Cardiff City and wears a bird

costume at matches.

middle age (n) /md()l e/ Middle age is the period of time when you are no longer young, but

are not yet old.

music decks (n pl) (TS) /mjuzk deks/ Its easy for Andy, as a DJ, to hide behind his music decks at work.

nappy (n) /npi/ A nappy is a thick piece of cloth that a baby wears between its legs

before it has learned to use the toilet.

nickname (v) /nknem/ Alexs friends nicknamed him 'Corky Junior'.

nightlife (n) /natlaf/ Nightlife is entertainment available in the evenings in clubs, bars,

restaurants etc.

object (v) /bekt/ If you object to something, you do not like it or approve of it.

old age (n) /ld e/ Old age is the period of someones life when they are old.

outrageous (adj) /atres/ Something that is outrageous is slightly shocking.

perform (v) /pfm/ Ginas mum dresses up as Cher and performs at clubs.

poster-girl (n) /pst gl/ A poster-girl is a girl or woman who is a good advertisement forsomething.

prospect (n) /prspekt/ If you have good job prospects, you are likely to get a good job and

earn a lot of money.

rusty (adj) /rsti/ If your knowledge of a language is rusty, you have forgotten a lot of

what you have learnt.

see-through (adj) /siru / See-through is an adjective that means 'transparent.'

sink or swim /sk swm/ If you are in a situation where you must sink or swim, you must deal

with problems on your own if you want to succeed.

sour (v) /sa/ If a relationship between two people sours, the people stop liking

each other.

cant stand (doing) sth /knt stnd du/sm/ Gina is shy and cant stand being the centre of of attention.

stay in shape /ste n ep/ If you stay in shape, you stay fit and healthy.

sticky (adj) /stki/ Sticky objects are covered with a substance that sticks to things.

study trip (n) /stdi trp/ A study trip is a period of time that you spend away from home in

order to study or learn something.

9

les bien-aims de qn

mascotte

ge moyen

platines

couche

surnom

vie nocturne

objecter

vieil ge

outrageant

jouer

grie publicitaire

perspective

rouill

translucide

couler ou nager

saigrir

ne pouvoir supporter

(dtre) qch

rester en forme

collant

voyage dtudes


12/78

table manners (n pl) /teb()l mnz/ Your table manners are the way you behave when you are at a table

eating food.

ultimate (adj) /ltmt/ When Viv says she is the ultimate poster-girl for school exchanges, she

means she is a perfect example of someone who enjoys them.

underneath (adv) /ndni/ She wears a bird costume, but everyone knows its Mum underneath.

urban (adj) /bn/ Someone who is urban is used to life in cities.

want the ground to open up /wnt grand tu / If you want the ground to open up, you feel extremely embarrassed.

/pn p/

wiggly (adj) /wgli/ A wiggly moustache is not straight and you can move it around.

witness (n) /wtns/ A witness at a wedding is someone who also signs the official

document that the married couple sign.

SAYINGS

Birds of a feather flock /bdz v fe flk Birds of a feather flock together means that people of a similar type

together. tge/ spend time together.

Blood is thicker than water. /bld z k n wt/ Blood is thicker than water means that family relationships are the

most important.Charity begins at home. /rti bgnz t hm/ Charity begins at home means that you should look after your family

and friends first.

Home is where the heart is. /hm z we ht z/ Home is where the heart is means that your home is wherever your

loved ones are.

One good turn deserves /wn gd tn dzvz One good turn deserves another means that if someone is kind and

another. n/ helpful to you, you should also be kind and helpful to them.

Twos company. Threes a crowd. /tuz kmp()ni riz Twos company. Threes a crowd means that two people can be happy

krad/ together, but a third person causes problems.

SHOWING SOMEONE AROUND YOUR HOMEWelcome to our home! /welkm tu hm/ Hello Marie. Welcome to our home!

Did you have a pleasant /dd ju hv plez()nt 'Did you have a pleasant journey?' 'Yes, but Im feeling a bit tired

journey? ni/ now.'

Let me introduce you to let mi ntrdjus ju tu Let me introduce you to the rest of the family.

Then Ill show you around. /en al ju rand/ Ill introduce you to the rest of the family, then Ill show you around.

10

manires de table

dfinitive

en-dessous

citadin

vouloir disparatre sous terre

qui se tortille

tmoin

Qui se ressemble sassemble.

La voix du sang est la plus

forte. /Charit bien ordonne

commence la maison.

O le coeur aime, l est le

foyer.

Un prt pour un rendu.

On est mieux deux.

Bienvenue chez nous !

Avez-vous fait bon voyage?

Puis-je vous prsenter

Puis , je vais vous faire

visiter.


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You must call me /ju mst kl mi / You must call me Jill.

Help yourself to /help jself tu / Help yourself to tea and coffee.

Make yourself at home. /mek jself t hm/ If you make yourself at home somewhere, you feel relaxed and

comfortable.

If theres anything you need /f ez n j nid/ If theres anything you need, just give me a shout.

Give me a shout. /gv mi at/ Give me a shout if theres anything you need.

SOCIAL REGISTERInformal

Hiya! /haj/ Hiya! The doors open.

The doors open. / dz pn/ The doors open. Come in.

Cheers thats great! /z ts gret/ 'I remembered to bring you that CD.' 'Cheers, thats great!'

'Hows it going?' /haz t g/ 'Hows it going?' 'All right, but Im shattered.'

chill out (phr v) /l at/ I just want to chill out this evening and watch TV.

Do you want to ? /du j wnt tu / Do you want to watch a DVD?

Whatever. /wtev/ 'Do you want to watch TV or shall I get a DVD?' 'Whatever.'No idea. /n ad/ 'Whats on TV?' 'No idea rubbish as usual, I expect.'

Formal

Welcome! /welkm/ Welcome! Do come in!

Do come in! /du km n/ Welcome! Do come in!

Thats very kind of you! /ts veri kand v ju / Thank you, thats very kind of you!

relax /rlks/ You must sit down and relax.

Would you prefer ? /wd j prf / Would you prefer tea or coffee?

I dont mind. /a dnt mand/ Would you prefer tea or coffee?' 'I dont mind.'

Im afraid I dont know. /am fred a dnt n/ 'How many miles is it exactly?' 'Im afraid I dont know.'

11

Vous devez mappeler

Servez-vous en

se mettre laise.

Si vous avez besoin de qch

Appelez-moi

Salut!

La porte est ouverte.

Hourra cest super!

'Comment va?'

se relaxer

Voulez-vous ?

NmporteAucune ide.

Bienvenue!

Veuillez entrer!

Cest trs aimable de votre

part!

se dtendre

Prfreriez-vous ?

mest gal.

Dsol, je ne sais pas.


14/78

Unit 3 (p.24)

adventurer (n) /dvenr/ An adventurer is someone who will take a risk in order to make money.

antique (n) (TS) /ntik/ An antique is an object that is old and valuable.

appear in court /pr n kt/ If someone appears in court, they go to a court of law so that people

can ask you questions about something illegal they think you have done.

band together (phr v) /bnd tge/ If people band together, they work together in order to achieve

something.

breathtaking (adj) /bretek/ Something that is breathtaking is very is extremely impressive or

beautiful.

capitalise on sth /kptlaz n sm/ If you capitalise on something, you use it to get an advantage for

yourself.

be charged with sth /bi d w/ Someone who is charged with a crime is officially accused of it.

collapse (v) /klps/ If something collapses, it fails completely.

community service (n) /kmjunti svs/ Community service is work that someone does as a punishmentinstead of going to prison.

concern (n) /knsn/ Concern is a feeling of worry or sympathy for someone who is in a bad

situation.

con-man (n) /knmn/ A con-man is a criminal who tricks other people in order to get their

money.

corner the market (TS) /kn mkt/ If you corner the market, you get complete control of an area of

business.

cornice (n) (TS) /kns/ A cornice is an overhanging area of snow on the edge of a mountain.

crops (n pl) /krps/ Crops are plants that farmers grow to produce food.

cynic (n) /snk/ A cynic is a person who thinks that people are not sincere or honest.

declare (v) /dkle/ If you declare something, you say officially that it is true.discovery (n) /dskv()ri/ The discovery of gold attracted thousands of people to California.

disillusion (n) /dslu()n/ Disillusion is a feeling of great disappointment when something is not

as good as you thought.

disillusioned (adj) /dslu()nd/ John Sutter eventually left California feeling disillusioned.

easterner (n) /istn/ Easterners are people who live in the east of a country or state.

12

aventurier

antiquit

paratre en justice

former un groupe

couper le souffle

tirer profit de qch

tre accus de qch

scrouler

travail dutilit publique

inquitude

escroc

accaparer le march

corniche

rcolte

cynique

dclarerdcouverte

dsillusion

dsillusionn

gens de lest


15/78

eastward (adv) /istwd/ If you travel eastward, you travel in a direction towards the east.

entrepreneur (n) /ntrprn/ An entrepreneur is someone who uses money to start a business.

epic (adj) /epk/ An epic journey is very long and exciting.

epidemic (n) /epdemk/ An epidemic is a situation in which a feeling spreads very quickly.

follow sbs tracks (TS) /fl smbdz trks/ If you follow someones tracks, you follow where they are walking or

moving.

foolishness (n) /fulns/ Foolishness is a word that means the same as 'stupidity'.

fort (n) /ft/ A fort is a strong building that is used to defend a place.

a gap in the market / gp n mkt/ A gap in the market is an opportunity to sell something that is not

available but that people would like to have.

glint (n) /glnt/ Aglint of something is a quick flash of light from something that is shiny.

go through with sth (phr v) /g ru w sm/ If you go through with something, you succeed in doing something

difficult.

gold (n) /gld/ In 1848 gold was discovered in California.

gold fever (n) /gld fiv/ Gold fever was the wish to find gold that a lot of people felt in the

19th century.

gold rush (n) /gld r/ The gold rush was the period in the 19th

century when a lot of peoplewent to a place where gold had been discovered.

gold strike (n) /gld strak/ A gold strike is the act of discovering that gold exists in a place.

GPS (Global Positioning System) /ipies/ GPS is a system you install in your car that tells you where you are and

(n) (TS) gives you directions.

hammock (n) /hmk/ A hammock is a bed consisting of a piece of cloth tied to a tree.

a handful (of) / hndfl (v) / A handful of people or things is a very small number of them.

hand-painted (adj) (TS) /hndpentd/ Eric bought some beautiful hand-painted toy soldiers.

a hard turn (n) (TS) / hd tn/ A hard turn is a sudden movement you make to the right or left.

a head of (cattle) / hed v kt()l/ 'A head' is an expression used as a way of counting farm animals.

hot up (phr v) /ht p/ When an activity hots up, it becomes much more popular.immigrant (n) /mgrnt/ Sutter was a Swiss immigrant who came to California in 1848.

be intent on /bi ntent n/ Sutter was intent on building his own private empire.

joint (adj) /nt/ Ajoint company is owned by more than one person.

keenly understand sth /kinli ndstnd sm/ If you keenly understand a situation, you have thought about it and

understand it well.

13

vers lest

entrepreneur

pique

pidmie

suivre les traces de qn

btise

forteresse

une brche dans le march

clair, reflet

aller jusquau bout de qch

or

fivre de lor

rue vers lor

la dcouverte dun gisement

dor

GPS (Global Positioning

System)

hammac

une poigne (de)

peint la main

un virage brusque

une tte (de btail)

se populariserimmigr

avoir lintention de

coentreprise

comprendre en profondeur

qch


16/78

kingdom (n) /kdm/ A kingdom is an area or activity that someone controls.

lead to sbs downfall (TS) /lid t smbdz/ /danfl/ Alcoholism led to his downfall and Californias first millionaire died an

unnoticed death.

life-affirming (adj) /laffm/ Something that is life-affirming makes you feel happier or more

positive about life.

lifetime (n) /laftam/ The adventurers were willing to spend a difficult year in return for a

lifetime of riches.

madness (n) /mdns/ If people think that something is madness, they think it is extremely

stupid.

mid-life crisis (n) /mdlaf krass/ A mid-life crisis is when people who are middle-aged feel very anxious

about their life.

mortgage (v) /mg/ People mortgaged their farms in order to travel to California.

newcomer (n) /njukm/ Sutter welcomed the newcomers as subjects for his new kingdom.

opportunist (n) /ptjunst/ An opportunist is someone who always tries to get an advantage for

themselves.

outpost (n) /atpst/ An outpost is a place that is far away from other places.

pan (n) /pn/ A pan is a large, flat bowl used for collecting gold.pick (n) /pk/ A pick is a tool used for breaking hard surfaces.

private empire (n) /pravt empa/ Someones private empire is a business that they own.

prosecute (v) /prskjut/ If you prosecute someone, you officially accuse them of a crime.

be registered in sbs name /bi restd n/ Christopher sold the car although it was registered in his mothers

smbdz nem/ name.

resident (n) /rezd()nt/ Residents are the people who live in a particular place.

risk-taker (n) /rsktek/ A risk-taker is someone who is not afraid of taking risks to get what

they want.

at the root of sth /t rut v sm/ If something is at the root of a problem or situation, it is the thing

that has caused it.

rug (n) /rg/ A rug is a very small carpet that you put on a floor.ruined (adj) /rund/ In 1850 Sutter had lost all his wealth and was a ruined man.

satellite navigation (n) (TS) /stlat nvge()n/ Satellite navigation is a system that tells you where you are and gives

you directions.

sawmill (n) /sml/ A sawmill is a building where wood is cut into pieces using a machine.

scheme (n) /skim/ A scheme is a plan that you make in order to get something.

14

royaume

mener la chute de qn

vivifiant

dure dune vie

folie

crise de la cinquantaine

hypothquer

nouveaux arrivants

opportuniste

poste avanc

batepioche

empire personnel

poursuivre

tre enregistr au nom de qn

rsident

preneur de risque

la racine de qch

carpette

ruin

navigation par satellite

scierie

schma


17/78

shovel (n) /v()l/ A shovel is a tool that is used for lifting and moving earth or snow.

spa (n) /sp / A spa is a type of bath filled with water that you put your feet into in

order to relax.

special delivery (n) /spe()l dlv()ri/ A special delivery is a parcel that is delivered by a fast postal service.

spotlight (n) /sptlat/ If you are in the spotlight, everyone is looking at you or is interested

in you.

start afresh /stt fre/ Ian Usher has sold his life because he wants to start afresh.

starving (adj) /stv/ I havent eaten since this morning Im starving.

statement (n) /stetmnt/ A statement is something that you say or write publicly.

stock company (n) /stk kmp()ni/ A stock company is one that is owned by several people.

subject (n) /sbekt/ A subject is a person who works for someone who is very powerful.

supply and demand (n) /spla n dmnd/ The laws of supply and demand relate to the amount of a product

that is available and how many people want to buy it.

support a charity /spt rti/ If you support a charity, you give money to it.

sweep sb up (phr v) (TS) /swip smbdi p/ If water or snow sweeps someone up, it moves over them quickly.

Swiss (adj) /sws/ Someone who is Swiss is from Switzerland.tear down (phr v) /te dan/ If you tear down a building, you destroy it.

telegraph (v) /telgrf/ News of the discovery of gold was telegraphed to every village and

town.

thump (v) /mp/ If your heart thumps, it beats very fast.

trample (v) /trmp()l/ If people trample something, they destroy it by walking all over it.

traverse (v) (TS) /trvs/ If you traverse an area, you move over or across it.

trickle (v) /trk()l/ By the mid-1840s more and more Americans were trickling into California.

undertake (v) /ndtek/ Other people have undertaken similar schemes to Ian Usher and profited.

vigorous (adj) /vg()rs/ If you do vigorous exercise, you exercise very hard.

vision (n) /v()n/ Sutter had a vision of building his own private empire.

visionary (n) /vn()ri/ Someone who is a visionary has a clear idea of how things should bedone.

wagon (n) /wgn/ A wagon is an old-fashioned vehicle pulled by horses.

be in the way /bi n we/ If you are in the way, you are stopping people from doing what they

want to do.

wealthy (adj) /weli/ Wealthy is a word meaning the same as 'rich'.

15

pelle

pdiluve

livraison express

feu des projecteurs

recommencer qch

qui a trs faim

dclaration

socit par actions

sujet

offre et demande

soutenir une oeuvre de

bienfaisance

balayer, emporter qn

suisseabattre

tlgraphier

battre fort

pitiner

traverser

sinfilter

entreprendre

vigoureux

vision

visionnaire

chariot

gner

fortun


18/78

whisper (n) /wsp/ Whispers of a gold strike drifted eastward across the country.

Why on earth? /wa n / 'Why on earth?' is an expression that is used to emphasize the

question word 'Why?'

without sbs knowledge /wat smbdz/nl/ Without his mothers knowledge, Christopher sold her car.

COLLOCATIONShave

have a chat /hv t/ If you have a chat with someone, you talk to them for a short time.

have difficulty /hv dfk()lti/ We had difficulty finding somewhere to park.

have a duty /hv djuti/ We all have a duty to help each other.

have a go /hv g/ If you have a go at something, you try to do it.

have a guess /hv ges/ 'How many people live in the UK?' 'I dont know.' 'Have a guess.'

have a laugh /hv lf/ I like meeting friends and having a laugh.

have a look /hv lk/ Can I have a look at your new iPod?

have a right /hv rat/ People over 18 have the right to vote.

have a think /hv k/ Well have a think and let you know what we decide.have a word /hv wd/ Can I have a quick word with you, please?

make

make a fortune /mek fun/ Top football players can make a fortune.

make a fuss /mek fs/ If you make a fuss about something, you get too worried or excited

about it.

make a living /mek lv/ It can be hard to make a living as an actor.

make a loss /mek ls/ Banks have made huge losses in recent months.

make a mess /mek mes/ I always make a mess when I cook.

make money /mek mni/ Businessmen such as Bill Gates and Richard Branson have made a lot of

money.

make a profit /mek prft/ If you make a profit, you sell something for more money than it cost

to buy.

make sense /mek sens/ I dont understand my dreams. They never make sense.

make a start /mek stt/ Weve a lot of work to do we'd better make a start.

16

rumeur

Au nom du ciel! Pourquoi?

en cachette de qn

faire un brin de causette

avoir du mal

avoir le devoir de

tenter le coup

essayer de deviner

bien rire

jeter un oeil

avoir le droit de

rflchir qch(en) toucher un mot

faire fortune

faire toute une histoire

gagner sa vie

faire des pertes

faire du dsordre

faire de largent

faire du bnfice

avoir du sens

commencer


19/78

take

take action /tek k()n/ Theres a time for talking and a time for taking action.

take advice /tek dvas/ If you take advice, you ask someone for their opinion about the best

thing to do.

take a deep breath /tek dip bre/ Take a deep breath and calm down.

take an exam /tek n gzm/ Shes taking her piano exam tomorrow.

take notes /tek nts/ Students listened to the teacher and took notes.

take office /tek fs/ President Barack Obama took office in January 2009.

take place /tek ples/ The 2012 Olympics take place in London.

take responsibility /tek rspnsblti/ Shes 16 and old enough to take responsibility for herself.

take a risk /tek rsk/ You sometimes have to take risks to succeed.

take sugar /tek g/ Do you take sugar in coffee?

METAPHORS

Time = Moneybe running out of time /bi rn at v tam/ Hurry up! Were running out of time.

spare (sb) a couple of minutes /spe (smbdi) We need to talk. Can you spare a couple of minutes?

/kp()l v mnts/

sbs time is precious /smbdiz tam z pres/ If someones time is precious, they are busy and do not have a lot of time.

use your time profitably /juz j tam prftbli/ You should use your time more profitably and get a proper job.

waste your time /west j tam/ Youre wasting your time if you think you can make money out of the

Internet.

be worth sbs while /bi w smbdiz wal/ Just five minutes of your time I promise it will be worth your while!

Ideas = Food

chew sth over /u sm v/ Martha had been chewing over the idea for the past few weeks.digest information /daest nfme()n/ I need time to digest all this information.

food for thought /fud f t/ Thats interesting. Theres certainly food for thought here.

be a half-baked idea /bi hf bekt ad/ A half-baked idea is one that you have not thought about properly.

17

passer lacte

prendre conseil

prendre une grande

inspiration

passer un examenprendre des notes

entrer en fonction

avoir lieu

prendre ses responsabilits

prendre un risque

prendre du sucre

arriver lchance

accorder ( qn) qq minutes

une personne affaire

bien utiliser son temps

perdre son temps

valoir la peine

ruminer qchdigrer linformation

donner rflchir

ide qui ne tient pas debout


20/78

MONEY

afford (v) /fd/ If you can afford something, you have enough money to buy it.

be a bargain (TS) /bi bgn/ If something is a bargain it costs much less than normal.

blow it on sth /bl t n sm/ He didnt save the money instead he blew it all on a new music system.

breadwinner (n) /bredwn/ A breadwinner is the person who earns the money to support a family.

broke (adj) /brk/ If you are broke, you have spent all your money.

budget (n) /bt/ A budget is an amount of money that you an afford to spend on

something.

cheap and cheerful (TS) /ip n f()l/ Something that is cheap and cheerful does not cost a lot of money but

is suitable for a particular purpose.

earn a living /n lv/ Do you agree that its a mans job to earn a living? Theres no such

Theres no such thing as a free /ez n s z thing as a free lunch means that you cannot get something good

lunch. /fri ln/ without paying for it.

hard-up (adj) /hdp/ Someone who is hard-up does not have a lot of money.

inherit (v) /nhert/ He told his girlfriend he had inherited the money from his grandfather,

who had died.

invest (v) /nvest/ If you invest money, you use it in order to make more money.loaded (adj) /ldd/ Loaded is an informal word meaning 'extremely rich'.

The love of money is the / lv v mni z The love of money is the root of all evil means that money makes

root of of all evil. rut v l iv()l/ people do bad things to other people.

be made of money /bi med v mni/ No, I cant afford to buy you a new car Im not made of money, you

know!

Money makes the world. /mni meks wld Money makes the world go round means that it is peoples desire to

go round g rand/ make money that makes them do things.

overdraft (n) /vdrft/ If you pay off an overdraft, you pay the bank money that you owe to it.

get sth for peanuts /get sm f pints/ Computers are much cheaper nowadays you can get them for peanuts.

In for a penny, in for a pound. /n fr peni n fr In for a penny, in for a pound means that you intend to finish

pand/ something you have started doing.

pricey (adj) (TS) /prasi/ Pricey is a word that means 'expensive'.

push the boat out /p bt at/ If you push the boat out, you decide to spend a lot of money on

something.

Put your money where your /pt j mni we j If you put your money where your mouth is, you give money to

mouth is. ma z/ someone or something to show that you mean what you say.

18

avoir les moyens

tre une bonne affaire

claquer pour qch

chef de famille

fauch

budget

pas cher et bien

gagner sa vie

Rien ne vaut un repas gratuit

court dargent

hriter

investirbourr de fric

Lamour de largent est la

racine de tous les maux.

tre cousu dor

Largent fait tourner le

monde

dcouvert

obtenir qch pour rien

Qui a dit A doit dire B.

coteux

ne pas lsiner sur les moyens

Un placement dargent

convainc plus quun

discours.


21/78

save it for a rainy day /sev t fr reni de/ If you save money for a rainy day, you save it for a time when you

need it.

splash out (on) (phr v) /spl at (n) / He splashed out on an extravagant champagne holiday for himself and

his girlfriend.

stretch to sth (phr v) /stre t sm/ 'How much can you afford to spend?' 'I could stretch to about 10,000.

a sum of money / sm v mni/ Christopher said he had inherited a sum of money from his grandfather.

tax (v) /tks/ The government taxes cigarettes and alcohol heavily.Watch the pennies, and the /w penz n Watch the pennies and the pounds take care of themselves means

pounds take care of pandz tek ke v that if you save small amounts of money, you will eventually have a

themselves. mselvz/ large amount.

be worth 100/$250 etc /bi w hndrd Win a holiday worth 6,000!

pandz/tu hndrd n

ffti dlz/

Review A

advisor /dvaz/ Louise wanted to save the bookshop and asked a business advisor

for help.

delighted /dlatd/ The bookshop is making a fortune and Louise is delighted.

fed-up /fedp/ If you feel fed-up, you feel bored and annoyed or sad.

get sth noticed /get sm ntst/ In order to get the shop noticed, she painted it bright red.

get rid of sth /get rd v sm/ I decided to get rid of the old car and buy a new one.

give up /gv p/ If you give up, you stop doing something.

pay sb back /pe smbdi bk/ I dont mind lending you the money, but I expect you to pay me back

soon.

have a row (with sb) /hv ra (w smbdi)/ We had a row and now were not speaking.run a business /rn bzns/ Louise runs her own business a bookshop.

19

pargner pour les mauvais

jours

jeter son argent (par les

fentres)

allonger jusqu

une somme dargent

imposer

Il ny a pas de petites

conomies

valoir 100/250$ etc

conseiller

enchante

qui en marre

faire remarquer qch

se dbarrasser de qch

abandonner

rembourser qn

se disputer (avec qn)diriger une affaire


22/78

Unit 4 (p.36)

achievement (n) /ivmnt/ Getting to the Pole was a tremendous achievement for Ben.

aim (v) /em/ Claire is aiming to raise money for a breast cancer charity.

ammunition (n) /mjn()n/ Ammunition is bullets that can be fired from a gun.the Antarctic (n) /i ntktk/ The Antarctic is the extremely cold region in the most southern part of

the world.

the Arctic (n) /i ktk/ The Arctic is the extremely cold region in the most northern part of

the world.

bear drill (n) /be drl/ A bear drill is a series of actions that you must do to avoid being

attacked by a bear.

bloke (n) /blk/ Bloke is an informal word meaning a 'man'.

blood sugar level (n) /bld g lev()l/ Its important to maintain blood sugar levels for energy.

bother (n) /b/ Bother is an informal word meaning 'problems' or 'difficulties'.

bra (n) /br / A bra is a piece of underwear that supports a womans breasts.carbohydrates (carbs) (n pl) /kbhadrets/ Carbohydrates or carbs are substances in foods such as bread and

potatoes.

cardio (n) /kdi/ A cardio is an exercise to make the heart stronger.

carnivore (n) /knv/ Carnivores are animals who eat meat.

cartridge (n) (TS) /ktr/ Pen reloaded the gun again with a fifth and sixth cartridge.

cause (n) /kz/ Completing the MoonWalk means I will have contributed money to a

good cause.

challenge (n) /ln/ Doing a walk for charity and giving up smoking are different types of

challenge.

clear sbs head /kl smbdiz hed/ If something clears your head, it helps you to think more clearly.

comfort (v) /kmft/ If you comfort someone, you make them feel better.crucial (adj) /kru()l/ Carbohydrates are crucial for energy levels.

look like death warmed up /lk lak de wmd p/ Someone who looks like death warmed up looks extremely ill.

to sbs delight /t smbdiz dlat/ To my delight, the twenty cigarettes were intact!

dial (v) /dal/ I should dial Shubentsov whenever I feel the urge to smoke.

drag (v) /drg/ If you drag something heavy, you pull it with difficulty.

20

russite

but

munitions

lAntarctique

l Arctique

manoeuvre anti-ours

type

taux de glucose sanguin

ennui

soutien-gorgehydrates de carbone glucides

gym tonicardiaque

carnivore

cartouche

cause

dfi

rendre qn lucide

rcomforter

crucial

avoir une tte de dterr

au grand plaisir de qn

appeler (par tl.)

tirer


23/78

endeavour (n) /endev/ Do you think that the achievements and endeavours of explorers have

significance for the rest of us?

energy bar (n) /eni b / An energy bar is a small piece of cake or biscuit that you eat to give

you energy.

environmental scientist (n) /nvarnment()l An environmental scientist specialises in studying the environment.

santst/

expedition (n) /ekspd()n/ Ben went on an expedition to the North Pole.explorer (n) /ksplr/ Richard Branson, Ellen McArthur and Ben Saunders are all explorers.

fingertip (n) /fgtp/ Your fingertips are the parts right at the end of your fingers.

finishing line (n) /fn lan/ The finishing line is a line on a track that marks the end of a race.

fire (v) /fa/ Fire is an informal word meaning to 'make someone leave their job'.

focus (n) /fks/ Focus is the effort and concentration that you give to something.

frostbite (n) /frstbat/ Walking through snow and ice can give you frostbite.

fundamentally (adv) /fndment()li/ Fundamentally means the same as 'basically'.

gear (n) /g/ Running gear is the type of clothes you wear for running.

healing energy (n) /hil eni/ Healing energy is energy that helps to cure people.

health freak (n) /hel frik/ A health freak is someone who is obsessed with keeping fit.hibernate (v) /habnet/ Do polar bears hibernate in winter?

hooked (adj) /hkt/ If you are hooked on cigarettes, you cannot do without them.

horizon (n) /hraz()n/ Peoples horizons are the things they try to achieve.

hydrated (adj) /hadretd/ Its important to stay hydrated so Ill be drinking a lot of water.

imminent (adj) /mnnt/ Something that is imminent is going to happen soon.

inquisitive (adj) /nkwztv/ Inquisitive means the same as 'curious'.

intact (adj) /ntkt/ Something that is intact is not damaged or broken.

intrigue (v) /ntrig/ The question : 'How far can we go?' intrigues Ben.

joint (n) /nt/ Yourjoints are the parts of your body that can bend such as your

knees and hips.

keep sb going /kip smbdi g/ The idea of giving money to a good cause keeps Claire going.Its killing me! /ts kl mi / My ankles hurting in fact its killing me!

land-based (adj) /lndbest/ Land-based animals are animals that live on the land, not in the sea.

media interest (n) /midi ntrst/ Media interest is the interest shown by TV, newspapers in events.

membership (n) /membp/ Gym membership can be quite expensive.

21

effort

barre nergtique

expert en environnement

expditionexplorateur

bout du doigt

ligne darrive

virer qn

centre dintrt

engelure

fondamentalement

quipement

fluide gurisseur

naturopathehiberner

dpendant

horizon

hydrat

imminent

inquisiteur

intact

intriguer

articulation

maintenir qn en vie me tue!

terrestre

intrt mdiatique

adhsion


24/78

motivational speaker (n) /mtve()nl spik/ A motivational speaker is someone who gives talks in public to try to

encourage people to do something.

muddy (adj) /mdi/ A muddy accent is deep and not very clear.

navigate (v) /nvget/ Someone who navigates uses maps or other equipment to decide

which way to go.

obscenely (adv) /bsinli/ Someone who is obscenely rich is so rich that you think it is unacceptable.

only have yourself to blame /nli hv jself t blem/ If you only have yourself to blame, you are completely responsible forsomething bad.

outline (v) /atlan/ If you outline something, you give a quick description of it.

outrun (v) /atrn/ If you outrun a person or animal, you run faster than them.

pocket (v) /pkt/ I picked the cigarettes up and pocketed them.

pointless (adj) /pntls/ Something that is pointless does not have any meaning or use.

power-walk/power-walking (n) /pawk/ A power-walk or power-walking is a form of exercise in which you

pawk/ walk very quickly.

quit (v) /kwt/ Once youve started smoking, its very difficult to quit.

quitting technique (n) /kwt teknik/ Lots of quitting techniques are available to help you give up smoking.

since records began /sns rekdz bgn/ Conditions in the Arctic were described as some of 'the worst sincerecords began'.

relieved (adj) /rlivd/ I felt relieved when no one answered the phone.

reload (v) /rild/ Pen reloaded the gun when he saw the bear walking towards them.

the reverse (n) /rvs/ The reverse of something is its opposite.

risky (adj) /rski/ Something that is risky is slightly dangerous.

seal (n) /sil/ Do polar bears eat seals?

It serves you right. /t svz ju rat/ 'My back stings I didnt put any sunblock on.' 'It serves you right

then, doesnt it?'

shambolic (adj) /mblk/ Something that is shambolic does not succeed because it is badly

organised.

significance (n) /sgnfkns/ Do the achievements of explorers have significance for the rest of us?not sleep a wink /nt slip wk/ If you dont sleep a wink , you dont sleep at all.

sledge (n) /sle/ Ben Saunders dragged a 180-kilogramme sledge over 1,420 miles.

slip into sth /slp nt sm/ If you slip into a particular way of behaving or speaking, you start

behaving or speaking in that way.

sole (n) /sl/ The soles of your feet are the flat parts underneath your feet.

22

prcheur, orateur

rauque

naviguer

outrageusement

navoir sen prendre qusoi

esquisser

dpasser la course

empocher

qui ne rime rien

marche rapide/power-

walking

arrter

mthode pour sarrter

jamais consign

soulag

recharger

le revers

risqu

phoque

Cest bien fait pour toi.

chaotique

sensne pas fermer loeil

traineau

prendre lhabitude de,

commencer

plante des pieds


25/78

the South Pole (n) / sa pl/ The South Pole is the part of the earth that is the furthest south.

sponsor (v) /spns/ If you sponsor something, you provide the money that is necessary to

do it.

stamina (n) /stmn/ Your stamina is the ability to do something without getting tired.

steadily (adv) /stedli/ Slowly and steadily most smokers get hooked on cigarettes.

a streaming nose / strim nz/ If you have a streaming nose, liquid flows from your nose because you

have a cold.strength-training (n) /stretren/ Claire does a combination of cardio, aerobics and strength-training to

prepare for the race.

stretch yourself (v refl) /stre jself/ The more you stretch yourself, the stronger your self-belief gets.

supplies (n pl) /splaz/ Supplies are things such as food or medical equipment that you need.

transmit (v) /trnzmt/ Shubentsov transmits his healing energy through his fingertips.

COLLOCATIONS

be in charge of /bi n v/ If you are in charge of something, you are responsible for it.

close the barrel /klz brl/ If you close the barrel of a gun, you close the part that the bullet is

fired through.I couldnt quite figure out /a kd()nt kwat fg Something was wrong, but I couldnt quite figure it out.

t at/

The guns still jammed. / gnz stl md/ The guns still jammed it wont fire.

load the gun /ld gn/ If you load a gun, you put bullets in it.

go into slow motion /g nt sl/m()n/ If everything goes into slow motion, it seems to be happening very

slowly.

pull the trigger /pl trg/ If you pull the trigger of a gun, you fire it.

Theres no way ... /ez n we/ Theres no way we can outrun a bear!

undo the zip /ndu zp/ My fingers were too cold to undo the zip.

PHRASAL VERBScall sb back /kl smbdi bk/ Leave a message and Ill call you back.

chase sb/sth away /es smbdi/sm Smoke chases away mosquitoes.

we/

come up with /km p w/ I wish someone would come up with non-fattening chocolate!

cut down on /kt dan n/ Hes trying to cut down on the number of cigarettes he smokes a day.

23

le ple sud

sponsoriser

endurance

progressivement

un nez qui coule

musculation

stirer

provisions

transmettre

tre responsable de

fermer le barillet

je ne pouvais pas bien

imaginer

le pistolet est verrouill

charger le pistolet

aller au ralenti

appuyer sur la gchette

Il nest pas possible de

ouvrir la fermeture clair

rappeler qn

repousser qn/qch

proposer,trouver

rduire


26/78

do without sth /du wat sm/ Most smokers find it hard to do without cigarettes.

drive sb away /drav smbdi we/ Smoking can help drive away annoying people!

get over sth /get v sm/ If you get over something difficult or upsetting, you recover from it.

give in /gv n/ If you give in, you do something that you shouldnt.

give sth in /gv sm n/ Dont forget to give your homework in.

hop down /hp dan/ I hopped down from the doorstep and picked the cigarettes up from

the pavement.

keep up with /kip p w/ Its not easy keeping up with all the latest diets.

let sb down /let smbdi dan/ If someone lets you down, they disappoint you.

light up /lat p/ When you light up, you light a cigarette or cigar.

look sth up /lk sm p/ Look the words up in a dictionary.

pick sth up /pksm p/ (Sense 1) He picked the cigarettes up from the pavement.

(Sense 2) Some people find it easier to pick up a new language than

others.

put the phone down /pt fn dan/ When he puts the phone down, he feels relieved.

put sth off /pt sm f/ I need to lose weight but I keep putting it off.

run out of /rn at v/ During Bens first expedition they ran out of food.take sth up /tek sm p/ (Sense 1) When did you take up smoking?

(Sense 2) Work takes up a lot of most peoples lives.

WORD FORMATION

-able/-ible

accessible /ksesb()l/ Prices that are accessible can be afforded by most people.

doable /dubl/ My Arctic expedition is just about doable, and thats whats exciting to me.

edible /edb()l/ If food is not edible, it is not good enough to be eaten.

enjoyable /nb()l/ We spent a very enjoyable evening together.

feasible /fizb()l/ My Arctic expedition is just about feasible, and thats whats exciting

to me.reasonable /riz()nb()l/ Something that seems reasonable seems sensible.

unbearable /nberb()l/ I find very hot temperatures unbearable.

self-

self-belief (n) /selfblif/ Doing things that are risky or uncomfortable makes your self-belief

get stronger.

24

faire sans qch

faire partir qn

sen remettre

cder

remettre qch

sauter en bas

rester au niveau de

laisser tomber qn

allumer

rechercher

ramasser qch (1)

apprendre (2)

reposer le tlphone

repousser qch

venir manquer (1)se mettre

absorber, occuper (2)

accessible

faisable

comestible

agrable

faisable

raisonnable

insupportable

croyance en soi


27/78

self-conscious (adj) /selfkns/ I feel self-conscious when I speak English to a native speaker.

self-discipline (n) /selfdspln/ Self-discipline is the ability to make yourself do things that are difficult.

self-employed (adj) /selfmpld/ I dont like working for other people Id rather be self-employed.

Unit 5 (p.46)

accidentally (adv) (TS) /ksdent()li/ If you do something accidentally, you do it without meaning to.

affirmation (n) /fmen/ An affirmation is a statement that something is true.

aftershave (n) /ftev/ Aftershave is a liquid with a pleasant smell that men put on their face

after shaving.

assume (v) /sjum/ If you assume something, you think it is true even though you have no

proof that it is.

be attached to sth /bi tt tu / Some people are very attached to their superstitions.

back out (phr v) /bk at/ Dad always backs out of the drive carefully.

bounce (v) /bans/ Serena bounces the ball five times before the first serve.break a jinx /brek ks/ If you break a jink, you stop something that is bringing you bad luck.

at breakneck speed /t breknek spid/ Someone who drives at breakneck speed drives extremely fast.

brush against (phr v) (TS) /br genst/ Nobody is allowed in the garage in case they accidentally brush

against the car.

chant (v) /nt/ If you chant something, you sing a word or phrase many times.

choking (adj) (TS) /k/ If you are choking you cannot breathe properly and are coughing

because of smoke or fumes.

come across (phr v) /km krs/ If you come across someone, you meet them by chance.

contrasting (adj) /kntrst/ Contrasting colours are colours such as black and white that are very

different from each other.

convertible (n) /knvtb()l/ A convertible is a car with a roof that can be folded back or removedcompletely.

cubicle (n) /kjubk()l/ A shower cubicle is a small, enclosed area where you can have a

shower.

curse (n) /ks/ A curse is a bad situation or event caused by someone who

deliberately uses magic powers.

25

intimid

auto-discipline

travailleur indpendant

par hasard

affirmation

aprs-rasage

prsumer

tre attach qch

sortir en marche arrire

faire rebondirrompre le malfice

une vitesse casse-cou

effleurer

psalmodier

touffer, strangler

rencontrer par hasard

contrast

dcapotable

cabine

mauvais sort


28/78

deep down (TS) /dip dan/ If you feel something deep down, you feel it even though your

behaviour may not show it.

derive from (phr v) /drav frm/ Some of Serenas confidence derives from the knowledge that shes a

super-talented player.

devote (v) /dvt/ If you devote your time to doing something, you spend a lot of time

doing that thing.

fall back on sth (phr v) /fl bk n sm/ Ana Ivanovic explains that she likes having rituals to fall back on.first and foremost /fst n fmst/ A wedding, first and foremost, is a rite of passage to be shared with

family and close friends.

focus (v) /fks/ If you focus obsessively on one thing, you only think about or do that

thing.

formula (n) /fmjl/ Superstitions form part of Serenas winning formula.

gig (n) /gg/ A gig is a performance of live music.

go through (phr v) /g ru / If you go through a routine, ritual or procedure, you do a series of

actions regularly.

idyllic (adj) /dlk/ An idyllic situation is one that is perfect and makes you feel very happy.

immune (adj) /mjun

/ If you are not immune to something, you are affected by it.inside out (adv) /nsad at/ Something that is inside out has the inside part facing towards the

outside.

jinx (n) /ks/ Ajinx is something that causes bad luck.

loopy (adj) /lupi/ Someone who is loopy is slightly crazy.

match (v) /m/ If things match, they look good or attractive together.

mind game (n) /mand gem/ A mind game is a series of actions intended to affect how someone

thinks or feels.

national anthem (n) /n()nl nm/ A national anthem is the official national song of a country.

obsessive compulsive /bsesv kmplsv Obsessive compulsive disorder is a type of mental illness which makes

disorder (n) dsd/ you repeat certain actions.

obsessively (adv) /bsesvli/ If you focus obsessively on one thing, you only think about or do thatthing.

opponent (n) /pnnt/ An opponent in a game of sport is the person or team you are playing

against.

opt (for) (v) /pt (f)/ Some people dont want the stress of a big wedding and opt for a

low-key affair instead.

26

profondment

tirer son origine de

consacrer

se rabattre sur qchen premier lieu

fixer son attention

formule

session, concert

accomplir

idyllique

immunis lenvers

mauvais sort

loufoque

aller ensemble

manipulation

hymne national

trouble obsessionnel du

comportement

dune manire obsdante

adversaire

opter (pour)


29/78

outfit (n) /atft/ Some football fans wear the same clothing to a match if that outfit

brought victory in the previous game.

pat down (phr v) (TS) /pt dan/ If you pat something down, you press it gently with your fingers.

perfect (v) /pfekt/ If you perfect a skill, you practise it until it is perfect.

perfectionism (n) /pfek()nzm/ Perfectionism is the state of being perfect and without any mistakes.

pitch (n) /p/ A pitch is a flat area of ground used for playing sports such as cricket

or football.preside (over) (v) /przad v/ If you preside over something, you are responsible or in charge of it.

procedure (n) /prsi/ Dad always goes through exactly the same procedure before setting

off in the car.

rational (adj) /r()nl/ Someone who is rational is sensible and makes good decisions.

relentlessly (adv) /rlentlsli/ If you do something relentlessly, you do it again and again without

stopping.

be renowned for sth /bi rnand f sm/ If you are renowned for something, you are associated with it and well

known for it.

reportedly (adv) /rptdli/ Beckham reportedly spends hours straightening the furniture at home.

repulsive (adj) (TS) /rplsv/ Something that is repulsive is extremely unpleasant.

rife (adj) /raf/ Something bad that is rife is very widespread and common.

ritual (n) /rul/ A ritual is something that you do regularly and always in the same way.

ritual-bound (adj) /rulband/ Someone who is ritual-bound must do something regularly in order to

feel happy.

ritualistic (adj) /rulstk/ Victoria Beckham has had to get used to Davids ritualistic ways.

be on the road /bi n rd/ If you are on the road a lot, you travel a lot.

run through (n) /rn ru / After the run through for the wedding, we were ready for the real thing.

set off (phr v) /set f/ When you set off, you start a journey.

shades (n pl) /edz/ Shades is an informal word that means 'sunglasses'.

sit by (phr v) /st ba/ If one building sits by another, it is situated next to that building.

skill (n) /skl/ A skill is the ability to do something, usually to do it well.skinny (adj) /skni/ Someone who is skinny is very thin.

slam (v) /slm/ If you slam a door, you shut it hard, usually because you are angry.

sneeze (v) /sniz/ Strong aftershave makes me want to sneeze.

soloist (n) /slst/ 'Elvis' is the most sought-after soloist in the Las Vegas wedding industry.

sought-after (adj) /stft/ Someone who is sought-after is very popular.

27

tenue

tapoter

parfaire

perfectionnisme

terrain

prsider

procdure

rationnel

sans rmission

tre connu pour qch

daprs ce quon dit

rpugnant

qui coure les rues

rituel

ritualiste

de manire rituelle

tre sur les routes

rptition

se mettre en route

lunettes de soleil

se tenir ct de

comptencetrs mince

claquer

ternuer

soliste

rclam


30/78

a spare pair (n) / spe pe/ Mums always losing her glasses she should get a spare pair!

take sth a stage further /tek sm ste f/ Beckham takes his rituals a stage further as everything has to be just

right at home as well.

straighten (v) /stret()n/ If you straighten something, you make it straight or put it in a straight

line.

stick thin (adj) /stk n/ Someone who is stick thin is extremely thin.

What strikes me is ... /wt straks mi z/ What strikes me is that so many celebrity marriages are short-lived.stride (v) /strad/ If you stride somewhere, you walk there quickly and confidently.

superstition (n) /supst()n/ A superstition is the belief that things such as magic or luck have the

power to affect your life.

superstitious (adj) /supsts/ A lot of sports people are very superstitious.

tap out (phr v) (TS) /tp at/ If you tap out tobacco, you put it in a pipe.

thrash (v) /r/ If you thrash an opponent at sport, you beat them very easily.

at the top of your game /t tp v j gem/ Someone who is at the top of their game is playing it better than

anyone else.

track (n) /trk/ A track on a CD is a particular song.

tuck up (phr v) (TS) /tk p/ When you tuck a child up, you put him or her into bed and put a

duvet or blankets round them.

two-pronged (adj) /tuprd/ Something that is two-pronged has two long, sharp points at the end

of it.

uneven (adj) /niv()n/ 2,4,6,8 are even numbers; 1,3,5,7. are uneven numbers.

have the upper hand /hv i p hnd/ If you have the upper hand in a situation, you are in control of it.

vandalise (v) /vndlaz/ If you vandalise something, you deliberately damage or destroy it.

USEFUL PHRASES

Things that annoy you

I cant stand it when ... /a knt stnd t wen/ I cant stand it when people say they havent done any work for anexam and then get top marks!

I find it irritating when ... /a fand t rtet wen/ I find it irritating when people keep losing things.

I hate it when ... /a het t wen/ I hate it when men wear too much aftershave.

It really annoys me when ... /t rli nz mi wen/ It really annoys me when my brother and his girlfriend kiss in front of

me!

28

une paire de rserve

monter dun cran dans qch

redresser

mince comme un fil

Ce qui me frappe est ...arpenter

superstition

superstitieux

dbourrer

battre plate couture

au meilleur de son jeu

morceau

border

deux dents

impair

avoir le dessus

saccager

Je ne supporte pas quand ...

mnerve quand ...

Je dteste quand ...

magace vraiment quand

...


31/78

It really winds me up when ... /t rli wandz mi p It really winds me up when people who are thin talk about how fat

wen/ they are.

The thing that annoys me / t nz mi The thing that annoys me most is people who talk but never listen.

most ... mst/

How something makes you feel

It makes me mad. /t meks mi md/ It makes me mad when mum keeps losing her glasses!It makes me sick. /t meks mi sk/ It makes me sick when my brother and his girlfriend hug and kiss in

front of me!

Its so annoying. /ts s n/ She talks all the way through films. Its so annoying.

That really gets on my nerves. /t rli gets n ma She complains all the time about being fat, and

nvz/ shes stick thin. That really gets on my nerves.

WEDDINGS

aisle (n) /al/ The aisle is the long, narrow part of a church that you walk down

before you get married.

annul (v) /nl/ When a marriage is annulled, it is declared officially that it is no longer

legal.

best man (n) /best mn/ The best man is a male friend who helps the groom at a wedding.

bouquet of flowers (n) /buke v flaz/ In the UK, its a ritual for the bride to throw a bouquet of flowers into

the crowd of guests.

bride (n) /brad/ Its traditional for Muslim brides to have their hands and feet

decorated in henna designs.

bridesmaid (n) /bradzmed/ A bridesmaid is a girl or young woman who helps the bride at a

wedding.

ceremony (n) /sermni/ The wedding ceremony was presided over by Ron DeCar, also known

as 'Elvis'.

conduct a ceremony/service /kndkt sermni/ Rebecca said shes only marry Mat if Elvis conducted the service. svs/

confetti (n) /knfeti/ Confetti is small pieces of coloured paper that people throw in the air

at a wedding.

drive-through chapel (n) /dravru p()l/ A drive-through chapel is one that you can travel through in your car.

elaborate (adj) (TS) /lb()rt/ Moroccan weddings are elaborate affairs and preparations take weeks.

29

me crispe vraiment

quand ...

La chose qui magace le plus

...

me rend fou. me rend malade.

Cest si agaant.

me tape vraiment sur les

nerfs.

alle centrale

annuler

garcon dhonneur, tmoin

bouquet de fleurs

marie

demoiselle dhonneur

crmonie

conduire une crmonie/unservice

confetti

chapelle drive-in

compliqu


32/78

30

exchange vows /ksen vaz/ When a couple exchange vows, they make promises to each other

during a wedding ceremony.

get married /get mrd/ One in six couples now prefer to get married abroad.

go out of fashion /g at v f()n/ In Britain, the traditional white wedding is going out of fashion.

groom (n) /grum/ The groom is the man who is getting married.

henna (n) /hen/ Henna is a red-brown substance used for colouring hair or skin.

honeymoon (n) /hnimun/ A honeymoon is a holiday that a couple have after their wedding.in-laws (n pl) /nlz/ Your in-laws are the parents of your husband or wife.

lavish (adj) /lv/ A lavish wedding is one that is extremely expensive.

limousine (n) /lmzin/ A limousine is a large, expensive, comfortable car.

low-key (adj) /lki/ A low-key wedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to

which not many guests are invited.

make a speech /mek spi/ Its traditional for the groom and best man to make a speech.

matrimonial (adj) /mtrmnil/ Matrimonial is a word that means 'relating to a wedding or marriage'.

modest (adj) /mdst/ A modest wedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to

which not many guests are invited.

your nearest and dearest /j nrst n drst/ Your 'nearest and dearest' is an expression meaning your family.

No wonder there is/are ... /n wnd er z/ / Millions of people get married in Vegas no wonder there are

wedding chapels round every corner.

once-in-a-lifetime /wnsnlaftam/ Honeymoons are a once-in-a-lifetime holiday.

package (n) /pk/ The wedding package in Las Vegas included limo, video, three songs

and twenty-four photos.

photographer (n) /ftgrf/ Wedding photographers are people who are paid to take photographs

at weddings.

pin money on sth /pn mni n sm/ At Muslim weddings, guests pin money on the bridegrooms suit.

pose (n) /pz/ A pose is another word for a 'photograph'.

priest (n) /prist/ A priest is a person who conducts the service during a religious wedding.

pronounce you man and wife /prnans ju mn n 'I now pronounce you man and wife' are the words that are said at waf/ the end of a wedding ceremony.

propose a toast /prpz tst/ When the best man proposes a toast, he says that the guests at a

wedding reception should drink together to send best wishes to the

bride and groom.

purify (v) (TS) /pjrfa/ In Morocco, the bride has a milk bath, which is supposed to purify her.

changer les serments

se marier

dont la mode se perd

mari

henn

lune de mielbeaux-parents

somptueux

limousine

discret

faire un discours

conjugal

modeste

vos proches et trs chers

Pas tonnant quil y est ...

une fois dans la vie

forfait

photographe

pingler des billets sur qch

pose

prtre

dclarer mari et femme

proposer un toast

purifier


33/78

reception (n) /rsep()n/ A wedding reception is a formal party after a wedding.

ring (n) /r/ A wedding ring is a piece of jewellery that someone who is married

wears on their finger.

rite of passage (n) /rat v ps/ A rite of passage is a ceremony that marks an important stage in

someones life.

separate (v) /sepret/ Rene Zellwegger and her husband separated after four months of

marriage.short-lived (adj) /tlvd/ Celebrities are renowned for their short-lived marriages.

superstretch limo (n) /supstre lm/ A superstretch limo is a large, expensive car that is very long.

throw rice /r ras/ Sometimes guests throw rice over the bride and groom as they leave

the church.

tie the knot /ta nt/ 'Tie the knot' is an informal expression meaning to get married.

veil (n) /vel/ A veil is a thin piece of material worn over a womans face.

vow (n) /va/ A vow is a promise that you make to someone when you marry them.

walk (sb) down the aisle /wk dan i al/ Fathers are often very proud to walk their daughters down the aisle.

wedding cake (n) /wed kek/ A wedding cake is a special cake that is eaten during a wedding

reception.

wedding present (n) /wed prez()nt/ The crystal vase was a wedding present from friends.

white wedding (n) /wat wed/ A white wedding is a traditional wedding where the bride is dressed

in white.

worldly goods (n pl) (TS) /wldli gdz/ Worldly goods are your possessions.

Unit 6 (p.56)

abandon (v) /bndn/ If you abandon someone or something, you leave it and no longer care

about it.alarming (adj) /lm/ Alarming means 'very frightening'.

alert (v) /lt/ If you alert someone to something, you do something to make them

realise what is happening.

approximate (adj) /prksmt/ An approximate figure or size is one that is close to a particular figure

or size, but not exact.

31

rception

alliance, bague

rite de passage

se sparer

qui dure peu

limousine rallonge

jeter du riz

lier par le mariage

voile

serment

mener (qn) lautel

gteau de mariage

cadeau de mariage

mariage en blanc

biens matriels

abandonner

alarmant

alerter

approximatif


34/78

archaic (adj) /kek/ Archaic means ' very old or old-fashioned'.

avoidable (adj) /vdb()l/ Something that is avoidable could be stopped and should not happen.

backlash (n) /bkl/ A backlash against something is a strong reaction against something

you do not like.

bee (n) /bi/ A bee is a yellow and black insect that produces honey.

bird flu (n) /bd flu / Bird flu is a dangerous disease that affects both birds and people.

bulge (v) /bl/ If your eyes bulge, they stick out and look bigger than usual.cancer (n) /kns/ Cancer is a dangerous disease that affects different parts of the body

and can kill you.

chilled (adj) /ld/ Chilled wine is very cold.

clean up (phr v) /klin p/ Wall-E is a robot who cleans up the polluted planet.

climate change (n) /klamt en/ Climate change is the changes that people think are making the

weather in the world warmer.

coffin (n) /kfn/ A coffin is a box in which you put the body of a dead person.

combined (adj) /kmband/ The meat industry produces more greenhouse gases than all the cars,

trains and planes in the world combined.

come out (phr v) /km at/ If something you cook comes out well, it is very well cooked and good

to eat.

Compliments to the chef. /kmplmnts t ef/ 'Compliments to the chef' is an expression you use to say how much

you have enjoyed someones cooking.

compromise (v) /kmprmaz/ Vegetarians believe that eating meat compromises their beliefs.

conduct a study /kndkt stdi/ The study into food waste was conducted by the Waste & Resources

Action Programme.

confined space (n) /knfand spes/ Confined spaces are places where there is not enough room to move.

consume (v) /knsjum/ If you consume food or drink, you eat or drink it.

consumption (n) /knsmp()n/ The consumption of bottled water has increased.

contributor (n) /kntrbjt/ Water bottles are a major contributor to global warming.

convincing (adj) /knvns/ Something that is convincing seems true or good.corked (adj) /kkt/ Corked wine tastes unpleasant because the cork in the bottle is damaged.

cram (v) /krm/ Animals are treated badly and crammed into confined spaces.

cruelty (n) /krulti/ Ive stopped eating meat because Im against cruelty to animals.

deprive sb of sth (phr v) /dprav smbdi If you are deprived of something, you do not get enough of it.

sm/

32

archaque

vitable

raction brutale

abeille

grippe aviaire

exorbitercancer

glac, frapp

nettoyer

rchauffement climatique

cercueil

combin

tre russi

Flicitations au chef.

compromettre

mener une tude

espace restreint

consommer

consommation

facteur

convainquantbouchonn (vin)

entasser

cruaut

enlever qch qn


35/78

developing countries (n pl) /dvelp kntriz/ Developing countries are countries that are poor.

diabetes (n) /dabitiz/ Diabetes is a medical condition in which your body cannot reduce the

amount of sugar in your blood.

discard (v) /dskd/ When you discard something, you throw it away.

discarded (adj) /dskdd/ Discarded water bottles release dangerous substances into the air.

disguise yourself (v refl) /dzgaz jself/ If you disguise yourself, you wear something that hides your real

appearance.dispose of sth (phr v) /dspz v sm/ When you dispose of something, you throw it away.

do your bit /du j bt/ If you do your bit, you make an effort to help.

dump (v) /dmp/ (Sense 1) If you dump something, you get rid of something that is no

longer wanted or needed.

(Sense 2) If you dump someone, you end a romantic relationship with

them in an unkind way.

electric shock (n) /lektrk k/ An electric shock is a sudden pain that you feel if your body comes

into contact with electricity.

eliminate (v) /lmnet/ If you eliminate meat from your diet, youre less likely to get heart

disease.

emissions (n pl) /m()nz/ Car, train and plane emissions are one of the biggest causes of

greenhouse gases.

emit (v) /mt/ Cars, trains and planes all emit polluting gases.

encounter (v) /nkant/ Can you remember the worst waiter youve ever encountered?

energy-saving (adj) /enisev/ Energy-saving light bulbs use less electricity.

estimate (v) /estmet/ The study estimated that the average UK household throws away 18%

of all food purchased.

expire (v) /kspa/ I prefer not to eat food once the 'best before' date has expired.

fatten up (phr v) /ft()n p/ If you fatten an animal up, you feed it so it gets fatter.

fin (n) /fn/ A fin is the flat, thin part of a fish.

findings (n pl) /fandz/ The findings of a study are its results or the things it discovers.flirt (with) (v) /flt w/ She was furious when her boyfriend started flirting with the waitress.

foot-and-mouth (n) /ftnma/ Foot-and-mouth is a very infectious disease

NIO Upper Inter Comps French

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Transcript of NIO Upper Inter Comps French