Ninth Annual Competitiveness Beacon Hill Institute Reporthome value by the end of 2009. Furthermore,...

Beac

on H

ill In

stitu

teNinth Annual

StateCompetitiveness

Report

BHI

/ Ninth Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report

Stat

e In

dex

Index Rank I R I R I R I R I R I R I R I R

Alabama 3.20 50 5.07 24 3.66 50 4.96 29 4.01 47 4.77 34 4.65 41 4.63 39 4.71 33

Alaska 6.31 7 5.63 3 5.30 17 5.03 25 4.74 33 4.28 42 4.52 45 6.85 1 5.88 7

Arizona 5.12 21 5.49 5 4.73 38 4.96 28 4.90 29 4.86 31 5.34 9 5.09 17 4.42 44

Arkansas 4.23 38 5.13 18 4.91 31 4.94 30 4.27 43 4.03 49 5.24 13 4.34 47 5.41 19

California 4.48 32 4.48 46 4.79 36 4.35 48 4.48 36 5.67 6 5.15 16 5.98 4 4.52 40

Colorado 6.33 6 5.06 26 5.34 13 5.24 10 5.33 18 5.90 4 5.57 6 4.67 37 5.48 16

Connecticut 4.81 26 4.38 48 5.32 15 4.66 41 5.66 8 5.53 9 4.69 35 5.36 11 4.60 38

Delaware 5.16 20 5.11 19 4.28 46 4.92 31 5.10 25 5.04 21 6.81 1 5.38 10 2.84 50

Florida 4.87 25 5.87 1 4.49 42 4.48 47 4.44 39 4.34 39 5.29 11 5.29 14 5.17 22

Georgia 4.69 28 5.29 11 4.57 39 5.09 18 4.11 46 4.66 35 5.71 5 4.82 26 4.57 39

Hawaii 4.72 27 4.44 47 6.14 1 4.81 36 5.36 15 4.37 38 4.32 50 5.01 19 5.43 18

Idaho 6.12 10 4.96 28 5.54 8 5.73 4 4.82 31 5.28 16 5.12 17 4.67 36 5.84 9

Illinois 4.33 36 4.74 36 5.00 24 4.71 39 4.93 28 4.98 26 4.68 36 5.34 12 4.50 42

Indiana 4.26 37 5.47 8 4.89 32 5.10 17 4.76 32 4.55 36 4.61 42 4.91 24 3.68 47

Iowa 6.13 9 5.06 25 5.94 2 5.40 8 5.98 4 4.99 25 4.66 40 4.72 32 5.44 17

Kansas 5.72 14 4.81 32 5.44 11 5.12 15 5.50 11 5.04 22 4.96 24 4.91 23 5.89 6

Kentucky 3.95 43 4.73 39 5.01 23 5.14 14 4.41 40 4.26 44 4.68 37 4.93 22 4.67 35

Louisiana 4.06 41 4.62 41 4.50 41 5.05 21 3.96 49 4.33 40 4.86 28 5.90 5 4.86 30

Maine 5.05 23 4.59 45 5.31 16 4.74 38 5.46 13 4.99 24 5.15 15 4.44 44 5.96 3

Maryland 4.48 31 5.22 15 4.41 45 4.20 49 5.50 12 6.50 2 4.94 25 4.81 27 3.81 46

Massachusetts 7.04 1 4.90 30 5.03 22 4.66 40 6.38 1 7.70 1 5.81 4 5.42 8 4.60 37

Michigan 4.47 33 4.93 29 4.95 27 5.11 16 4.54 34 5.18 19 4.39 49 5.01 20 4.91 27

Minnesota 6.58 4 4.87 31 5.80 3 5.27 9 6.23 2 5.70 5 5.04 19 4.80 29 5.60 13

Mississippi 3.29 49 5.27 13 4.83 34 4.62 45 3.47 50 4.10 48 4.67 39 4.34 46 5.20 20

Missouri 4.44 34 5.50 4 4.51 40 4.82 35 5.01 26 4.92 28 4.71 33 4.39 45 4.98 26

Montana 5.52 17 4.76 35 5.26 18 5.78 1 5.16 23 4.79 32 4.98 22 4.19 50 6.05 1

Nebraska 5.55 16 5.09 21 5.79 4 5.04 23 5.79 7 4.92 29 4.83 30 4.58 41 5.03 24

Nevada 5.35 19 5.71 2 4.83 35 5.71 5 4.14 45 3.86 50 5.32 10 5.27 15 4.71 34

New Hampshire 5.70 15 5.15 17 5.00 25 4.65 43 5.94 6 5.46 11 5.24 12 4.64 38 5.66 12

New Jersey 4.03 42 4.05 50 5.52 9 4.55 46 5.34 17 4.93 27 5.01 21 5.70 7 3.28 49

i

OpennessGovt & Fiscal

PolicySecurity InfrStrcOverall Enviro Plcy

Subindexes, Rank in 2009

Human

ResourcesTech Biz Incub.

New Mexico 4.14 40 5.10 20 3.90 48 5.04 22 4.47 37 5.46 12 4.75 31 4.55 42 5.18 21

New York 4.37 35 4.32 49 5.18 21 3.94 50 5.26 20 5.25 18 4.89 27 5.78 6 5.06 23

North Carolina 4.51 30 5.07 23 4.49 43 5.22 11 4.46 38 5.05 20 5.15 14 4.67 35 4.66 36

North Dakota 6.93 2 5.16 16 5.64 5 5.78 2 5.97 5 5.36 14 5.02 20 4.68 34 6.05 2

Ohio 3.68 47 4.66 40 4.85 33 5.20 13 4.96 27 4.79 33 4.44 47 4.75 31 3.66 48

Oklahoma 3.91 44 4.61 42 4.78 37 5.06 19 4.53 35 4.27 43 4.96 23 4.29 48 5.51 15

Oregon 6.11 11 5.22 14 5.45 10 5.56 6 4.87 30 5.31 15 4.48 46 5.29 13 5.86 8

Pennsylvania 4.18 39 4.77 33 4.98 26 4.80 37 5.36 16 5.28 17 4.70 34 4.59 40 4.10 45

Rhode Island 4.68 29 4.73 37 5.23 20 4.66 42 5.24 22 5.59 7 4.74 32 4.85 25 4.72 32

South Carolina 3.86 45 5.28 12 4.22 47 5.02 26 3.98 48 4.21 46 4.86 29 4.97 21 4.88 29

South Dakota 5.89 12 5.35 10 4.94 28 5.52 7 5.59 9 4.43 37 5.44 7 4.19 49 5.96 4

Tennessee 3.76 46 5.49 7 3.86 49 5.06 20 4.19 44 4.28 41 4.90 26 4.81 28 4.50 41

Texas 4.95 24 4.99 27 4.93 29 4.64 44 4.27 42 4.88 30 5.07 18 6.17 2 4.90 28

Utah 6.65 3 5.40 9 5.32 14 5.21 12 5.56 10 5.45 13 6.01 2 5.03 18 4.77 31

Vermont 5.48 18 4.60 43 4.44 44 4.90 33 6.18 3 5.99 3 4.68 38 5.13 16 5.89 5

Virginia 5.80 13 5.49 6 4.92 30 5.00 27 5.15 24 5.53 8 5.44 8 4.77 30 5.02 25

Washington 6.15 8 5.08 22 5.56 7 4.84 34 5.25 21 5.50 10 4.41 48 6.16 3 5.77 11

West Virginia 3.54 48 4.73 38 5.40 12 4.92 32 4.33 41 4.21 45 4.54 43 4.46 43 4.49 43

Wisconsin 5.07 22 4.76 34 5.60 6 5.03 24 5.26 19 5.01 23 4.52 44 4.71 33 5.52 14

Wyoming 6.37 5 4.60 44 5.24 19 5.75 3 5.44 14 4.19 47 5.95 3 5.41 9 5.79 10

BHI

Ninth Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report /

From the Executive DirectorThe Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University is pleased to release its Ninth Annual State

Competitiveness Report. Published since 2001, the report has drawn the growing attention of policymakers,economists and public officials across the nation seeking to identify strengths and weaknesses in economicperformance among the states.

As the Great Recession comes to a close, stressing the nuances of long-term indicators is still a difficulttask. U.S. unemployment, historically a lagging indicator, is at 10% and remains a serious concern. Firms arereluctant to hire given the uncertainty all around us. In state capitals across the nation, tax revenues are downby 11% from last year, constraining budgets and forcing uncomfortable choices. Foreclosures are up 19% sincelast October. Moreover, according to one estimate, American homeowners will have lost nearly $500 billion inhome value by the end of 2009. Furthermore, there is a debate as to whether the federal stimulus is workingfast enough, if at all. The impulse, naturally, is to focus on solutions to pull the the nation out of financial troublein the short term.

The Institute remains persistent in providing the long view: state competitiveness, the ability of a stateto promote sustainable economic and income growth for its citizens, is a reliable indicator of performance.There may be little that states can do to address the current global economic insecurity, but competitiveness,as a measure, has other virtues. For example, it can help states find ways to keep firms within their bordersproductive, its standards for education high , and its infrastructure sound.

Massachusetts this year remains atop of the index, North Dakota ranks second and Utah third.Minnesota, Wyoming, Colorado, Alaska, Washington and Idaho fill out the top ten. Alaska, capitalizing onincreasing oil revenues, was the most improved this year, up 17 places. Hawaii also moved up 18 places, to 27th

place. New Hampshire, a perennial competitor from New England, held third place only two years ago, butslipped to 17th last year; this year it improved slightly to 15th place, from 17th . (In 2006, it finished third.)Vermont finished 18th while other New England states finished in the middle of the pack: Maine (23), RhodeIsland (29) and Connecticut (26).

This year we turn again to an examination of the Bay State’s competitors, or “leading technologystates.” Policymakers often view this measure as a leading indicator of economic competitiveness; however,these high technology states do not always prove to be competitive by the Institute’s measure. Massachusetts(1), Minnesota (4) and Washington (8) are the only leading technology states to finish in the top ten in the latestBHI index. Other LTS states - California (32), Connecticut (26), New Jersey (42), New York (35), North Carolina(27) Pennsylvania (39) and Texas (24) - have relatively unimpressive rankings.

Improving productivity and increasing personal income should be part of any state’s economic developmentstrategy. And the report continues to show that improvement in these two areas can translate measurably into realcapita income growth.

This year’s edition would be impossible without the talented resources available to the institute from itssuccessful internship program and its affiliation with a graduate program in economics. IThis year’s report is theproduct of months of collaboration (including number-crunching, fact-checking and web programming) by NicolasCachanosky, a PhD candidate in Economics here at Suffolk University, Jacob Magid of Boston University and MichaelBecker of Boston College.

We are fond of saying that our young team is proof positive that human capital is a critical variable for highly-motivated entities, whether they are states, metropolitan areas, or research organizations, like our own Beacon HillInstitute at Suffolk University.

BHI

/ BHI State Competitiveness Report 2009

Table of Contents

Alabama .................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

Alaska ................................................................................................................................................................... 17Arizona ................................................................................................................................................................. 18Arkansas .............................................................................................................................................................. 19California ............................................................................................................................................................. 20Colorado .............................................................................................................................................................. 21Connecticut .......................................................................................................................................................... 22Delaware .............................................................................................................................................................. 23Florida .................................................................................................................................................................. 24Georgia ................................................................................................................................................................. 25Hawaii .................................................................................................................................................................. 26Idaho .................................................................................................................................................................... 27Illinois .................................................................................................................................................................. 28Indiana ................................................................................................................................................................. 29Iowa ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30Kansas .................................................................................................................................................................. 31Kentucky ............................................................................................................................................................... 32Louisiana ............................................................................................................................................................. 33Maine ................................................................................................................................................................... 34Maryland ............................................................................................................................................................. 35Massachusetts ..................................................................................................................................................... 36Michigan .............................................................................................................................................................. 37Minnesota ............................................................................................................................................................ 38Mississippi .......................................................................................................................................................... 39Missouri ............................................................................................................................................................... 40Montana ............................................................................................................................................................... 41Nebraska .............................................................................................................................................................. 42Nevada ................................................................................................................................................................. 43New Hampshire .................................................................................................................................................... 44New Jersey ............................................................................................................................................................ 45New Mexico .......................................................................................................................................................... 46New York ............................................................................................................................................................... 47North Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................... 48North Dakota ........................................................................................................................................................ 49Ohio ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50Oklahoma ............................................................................................................................................................. 51Oregon .................................................................................................................................................................. 52Pennsylvania ....................................................................................................................................................... 53Rhode Island ........................................................................................................................................................ 54South Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................... 55South Dakota ........................................................................................................................................................ 56Tennessee ............................................................................................................................................................. 57Texas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 58Utah ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59Vermont ................................................................................................................................................................ 60Virginia ................................................................................................................................................................ 61Washington .......................................................................................................................................................... 62West Virginia ....................................................................................................................................................... 63Wisconsin ............................................................................................................................................................ 64Wyoming .............................................................................................................................................................. 65

BHI

BHI State Competitiveness Report 2009 /

“A state is competitive if it hasin place the policies andconditions that ensure andsustain a high level of per capitaincome and continued growth.”

BHI

/ BHI State Competitiveness Report 2009

Def

inin

g St

ate

Com

petit

iven

ess

About the indexesHow does one state create more economicactivity, and hence more income for itscitizens, than other states? What specialcharacteristics or attributes lead to generatingthis higher income? Since 2001, BHI’s StateCompetitiveness Report has identified thequalities that allow some areas to excel inincome generation and the qualities thatinhibit other areas from attaining the samelevel of competitiveness. This questionquickly leads on to others: How are thesequalities measured? What standard shouldbe used to determine whether a state iscompetitive or not? Indeed, why is it eveninteresting to measure competitiveness? Howdoes economic competitiveness differ frominterstate competition for workers, firms andcapital?

This State Competitiveness Report uses thesequestions as a starting point. The indexes aredesigned to measure the long-termcompetitiveness of an area, and use a similarapproach to the one taken in BHI’s earlierstudies of state competitiveness.

In this year’s report, Massachusetts remains atthe top, closely followed by North Dakota, andthen by Utah, Minnesota, and Wyoming.Colorado, Alaska, Washington, Iowa, andIdaho round out the top ten most competitivestates (See Table 1). Most notably, Alaskamoved up 18 places to 7th after dropping 11places the year before. The lowest-rankedstates were Mississippi (49) and Alabama (50).Louisiana, which had been ranked 49th in 2008,jumped to 41st position this year, as itcontinues to rebound from the effects of

Hurricane Katrina. On the other hand California, beset by fiscal stresses, dropped seven places to 32nd

position.

What is Competitiveness?We consider a state to be competitive if it has in place the policies and conditions that ensure and sustaina high level of per capita income and continued growth. To achieve this, a state should be able both to

Table 1

State Competitiveness Rankings

Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank

Alabama 3.20 50 3.39 48 3.44 48 3.61 47 4.05 43

Alaska 6.31 7 4.82 24 5.77 13 5.75 14 6.00 9

Arizona 5.12 21 5.10 22 5.47 19 5.62 16 5.17 22

Arkansas 4.23 38 4.03 43 3.54 46 3.61 46 3.08 48

California 4.48 32 4.70 25 5.10 24 5.26 20 5.02 26

Colorado 6.33 6 6.73 4 6.59 3 6.33 4 6.37 6

Connecticut 4.81 26 5.16 21 4.93 25 5.01 24 5.21 21

Delaware 5.16 20 5.37 19 4.85 27 5.22 21 5.17 23

Florida 4.87 25 4.58 32 4.63 33 4.89 27 4.79 28

Georgia 4.69 28 4.28 37 4.68 31 4.70 30 4.92 27

Hawaii 4.72 27 3.94 45 4.30 40 4.00 42 3.95 45

Idaho 6.12 10 6.58 5 6.24 5 6.06 6 5.67 14

Illinois 4.33 36 4.45 33 4.43 36 4.51 33 4.58 35

Indiana 4.26 37 4.37 36 3.91 44 3.72 45 3.73 46

Iowa 6.13 9 5.74 12 5.48 18 5.54 18 5.45 15

Kansas 5.72 14 5.62 18 5.53 17 5.61 17 5.71 13

Kentucky 3.95 43 4.21 38 4.31 39 4.14 39 4.42 39

Louisiana 4.06 41 3.30 49 2.75 50 3.44 48 2.60 50

Maine 5.05 23 4.70 26 4.45 35 4.33 36 4.46 38

Maryland 4.48 31 4.66 28 5.12 23 5.13 23 5.95 10

Massachusetts 7.04 1 7.33 1 7.07 2 7.28 1 7.16 1

Michigan 4.47 33 4.60 30 4.16 41 4.46 34 4.68 30

Minnesota 6.58 4 6.17 7 6.20 6 6.00 9 6.05 7

Mississippi 3.29 49 3.12 50 2.97 49 3.02 50 2.83 49

Missouri 4.44 34 4.61 29 4.87 26 4.58 31 5.40 17

Montana 5.52 17 5.88 10 5.68 15 4.87 28 4.62 33

Nebraska 5.55 16 5.68 14 5.82 11 5.97 11 6.02 8

Nevada 5 35 19 5 64 15 4 73 28 4 79 29 4 62 34

2009 20052007 20062008

Nevada 5.35 19 5.64 15 4.73 28 4.79 29 4.62 34

New Hampshire 5.70 15 5.63 17 5.88 9 6.60 3 6.67 3

New Jersey 4.03 42 4.15 42 4.07 43 3.94 43 4.54 36

New Mexico 4.14 40 4.39 34 4.72 29 4.22 38 4.00 44

New York 4.37 35 4.38 35 4.37 38 4.44 35 4.27 40

North Carolina 4.51 30 4.68 27 4.70 30 4.90 26 5.05 25

North Dakota 6.93 2 6.75 3 6.36 4 6.27 5 6.41 5

Ohio 3.68 47 3.95 44 3.89 45 3.91 44 4.07 42

Oklahoma 3.91 44 4.17 40 4.68 32 4.13 40 4.16 41

Oregon 6.11 11 5.97 8 5.74 14 5.66 15 5.32 19

Pennsylvania 4.18 39 4.18 39 4.47 34 4.57 32 4.65 32

Rhode Island 4.68 29 4.58 31 5.19 21 4.95 25 4.67 31

South Carolina 3.86 45 3.93 46 4.07 42 4.28 37 4.77 29

South Dakota 5.89 12 5.75 11 5.90 8 6.00 8 5.71 12

Tennessee 3.76 46 4.16 41 4.41 37 4.01 41 4.48 37

Texas 4.95 24 4.94 23 5.35 20 5.15 22 5.25 20

Utah 6.65 3 6.79 2 7.39 1 7.12 2 6.78 2

Vermont 5.48 18 5.69 13 5.78 12 5.95 12 5.37 18

Virginia 5.80 13 5.64 16 5.62 16 5.98 10 5.73 11

Washington 6.15 8 6.57 6 5.94 7 5.87 13 6.45 4

West Virginia 3.54 48 3.70 47 3.46 47 3.32 49 3.40 47

Wisconsin 5.07 22 5.33 20 5.15 22 5.27 19 5.42 16

Wyoming 6.37 5 5.94 9 5.86 10 6.00 7 5.14 24

BHI


Defining State Com

petitivenessattract and incubate new businesses and toprovide an environment that is conducive to thegrowth of existing firms.

Competitiveness may be thought of as a catch-allterm that covers what Michael Porter calls “themicroeconomic foundations of prosperity.” Thestates of the United States all face the samemacroeconomic conditions set at the top –national fiscal, monetary and trade policy. Wherethey differ from one another is in theirmicroeconomic policies such as tax and regulatoryregimes, their provision and emphasis oneducation, and theirattractiveness to business.These policies matter. As Porterputs it, “wealth is actuallycreated at the microeconomiclevel … - in the ability of firmsto create valuable goods andservices using productivemethods.” 1

It follows that the outcome ofcompetitiveness is greateraffluence, measured by higher levels of real GrossStateProduct (GSP) or personal income per capita.

Quantifying CompetitivenessTo be useful as a concept, it is essential to have anoperational measure of competitiveness, ameasure that aggregates the key microeconomicvariables into a single index. In its influentialannual Global Competitiveness Report, the WorldEconomic Forum does this for the countries of theworld, but there is no equivalent at the level ofthe states of the U.S. There are some morespecialized rankings of the states, but none meetthe criteria for measuring competitiveness asdefined above, or have an equivalent breadth ofcoverage. We believe the institute’s index meetsthe challenge.

In thinking about how to create an index ofcompetitiveness, we begin with the simpleeconomic relation:

Y = f (K,L,technology).

This says that output (Y) depends on theamount of capital (K), labor (L) andtechnology that is harnessed by theeconomy. As expected, more inputs lead tomore output. But what raises input levels?And why do some states mix the ingredients

– sound fiscal policies, educatedworkforce, openness to trade –more successfully than others?

To answer these questions we needto focus on the quality of thebusiness environment. Using hiscelebrated “diamond,” Porter findsit helpful to group the influencesinto four components: the quality ofavailable inputs, the sophisticationof local demand, the nature of local

suppliers and the extent to which they formclusters, and the rules and institutions thatgovern the market.2 These are still verybroad categories and so, following thePorter-inspired Global CompetitivenessReport, we actually classify our indicatorsinto eight groups. The breakdown is asfollows:

Government and fiscal policies. Businessesare more likely to be attracted to areaswith moderate tax rates and clearevidence of financial discipline (asevidenced, for instance, by high stateand municipal bond ratings, andbudgetary balance). This subindex isdesigned to pick up these effects.

BHI

/BHI State Competitiveness Report 2009

Def

inin

g St

ate

Com

petit

iven

essTechnical Note 1:

Creating the Indexes

Given the raw data series for each state, several

steps were needed in order to construct the

competitiveness index.

1. First, each variable was normalized to give it a

mean of 5, a standard deviation of 1, and a

range from 0 (worst) to 10 (best).

2. Then the eight sub indexes were formed as the

simple averages of the normalized component

variables.

3. Next, the sub indexes themselves were

normalized, again giving a mean of 5 and

standard deviation of 1 to each. These

are presented inside the front and back

covers.

Finally, the overall index of state competitiveness is

the simple average of the eight sub indexes, again

normalizing it so it has a mean of 5 and standard

deviation of 1. In practice the competitiveness

indicator index ranged from a low of 2.57 to a high

of 7.14.

Security. A state will be more attractive to business ifpublic officials are trusted, and if crime is low. Thesecurity subindex addresses these dimensions ofcompetitiveness, with particular emphasis on theimportance of public safety.

Infrastructure. How easy is commuting? Do mosthouseholds have access to high-speed broadbandand telephone service? Is housing affordable? Howexpensive is energy? These are the elements ofcompetitiveness that are included in theinfrastructure subindex for each state.

Human resources. A high level of labor forceparticipation, and skilled labor that is readilyavailable and not too expensive, combined with awidespread commitment to education, training andhealth care, make a state attractive for business.These factors are captured in the human resourcessubindex.

Technology. Since the arrival of the industrialrevolution, the development and application oftechnology has been central to economicdevelopment. The technology subindex measuresthis by taking into account research funding, thenumber of patents issued, the proportion ofscientists and engineers in the labor force, and theimportance of high tech companies.

Business Incubation. A good idea is not enough;businesses also need to be able to mobilizefinancing for investment, both internally and fromthe financial system. A higher rate of business birthsis a particularly clear sign of a competitiveenvironment, and is an important component of thebusiness incubation subindex.

Openness. Open economies tend to be morecompetitive and hence more productive. Theopenness subindex measures how connected thefirms and people in a state are with the rest of theworld. It is based on the level of exports, as well as

BHI


Defining State Com

petitivenessthe percent of the population born abroad, akey element.

Environmental Policy. States that are faced withenvironmental problems, or that have aheavy-handed policy of environmentalregulation, are likely to be less attractive tobusinesses as well as to their workers andmanagers; we measure this effect with theenvironmentalpolicysubindex,which amongother thingsreflects thelevels of airpollution andof toxicreleases.Decent airquality is ameasure thatstates are pursuing policies that improve theenvironment, and attracts workers andinvestors.

A complete list of the components of thecompetitiveness indexes is given in Table A1 atthe end of this section of the report. We haveused the most recent data available.

The eight categories are coherent, but there isinevitably some degree of arbitrariness in theway in which individual data series are assignedto the subindexes. For instance, the amount ofair travel could be included in the infrastructuresubindex or the measure of openness; andelectricity prices could be included in theinfrastructure subindex or the environmentalsubindex. In practice, the assignment of a dataseries is much less important than the fact that itis included at all.

A competitiveness index is simply a summarymeasure based on a large number of variables.

One difficult, and controversial, part ischoosing a weighting scheme. Ourapproach is the simplest and mosttransparent: within each subindex, eachvariable carries equal weight. Then eachsub-index is given the same weight whenconstructing the overall index. This hasbeen referred to as a “democratic”weighting structure, and is a reasonable

artifact. If two serieswere very highlycorrelated, therewould be no need toinclude both of themin the index; at firstsight, one mightexpect some series tomove together, suchas the level oftaxation and thenumber of stateemployees. In

practice, neither these series, nor theothers that make up the building blocks ofour index, are closely correlated, suggestingthat they are indeed picking up differentfacets of competitiveness.

Is the competitiveness index useful?Do the indexes of state competitivenessexplain affluence and growth? If the indexis properly constructed, then it should helpexplain why some areas are affluent andothers are not. In our experiment weestimate an equation with the followinggeneral form:

Real Personal Income per capita = a + b × Competitiveness Index

We use a measure of personal income percapita for 2008, which is the year thatcorresponds best to the timing of most ofthe component series that make up thecompetitiveness index; figures for 2009 are

BHI


Def

inin

g St

ate

Com

petit

iven

ess

not yet avaiable. Since the cost of living variesfrom state to state we adjust the raw numbers totake account of these differences, using spatialprice indexes generated by Aten and D’Souza(2008).3 This gives the following estimatedequation:

Personal income per capita = 35.6 + 1.196 × Competitiveness Index 2009 t=12.6 t=2.2

This equation has an R2 of .09, and personalincome per capita is measured in thousands ofdollars per year in 2008. The data points, and theline fittedthrough them,are shown inFigure 1.

The coefficienton the Indexvariable, whichis on a scale of 0(notcompetitive) to10 (verycompetitive) issignificant at the 5 percent level and indicatesthat every additional one point on thecompetitiveness index is associated with $1,196more in real per capita income. Thus if Alabama

(with an index of 3.20) could achieve the samecompetitiveness as Massachusetts (with anindex of 7.04), real per capita income inAlabama would be over $4,500 higher than itcurrently is, an increase of over 10 percent. Asimilar linear regression with an R2 of 0.7 findsthat if a state rises by ten points in the ranking(e.g. from 15th to 5th), its real per capita incomeis expected to be $750 higher. Competitivenessreally does matter.

Putting the competitiveness index to workWhat do we learn from this exercise?Naturally it is interesting to look at the rawrankings (Table 1 on page 6), but this may not

be the mostimportant use ofthe information.The detaileddata, both inindividualvariables andthe sub-indexes,allow one toidentify thedeterminants ofcompetitiveness.This is of valueto policy makers,

who are in a better position to identify whatneeds to be done, in order of priority, toimprove the position of their states.

The logic behind this is that a highercompetitiveness indicator index is associatedwith greater affluence. A reasonable inferenceis that if one were to improvecompetitiveness, then residents of the statewould be better off. And the greatest upsidepotential is for the indicators whoseperformance is currently weak. For instance, alow-crime state may have trouble reducing thecrime rate further, while for a high-crime state,efforts to reduce crime are likely to be anefficient way to boost competitiveness.

3035

4045

5055

3 4 5 6 7Competitiveness Index 2009

Rea

l Per

sona

l Inc

ome

per c

apita

, $'0

00

BHI

Ninth Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report / BHI State Competitiveness Report 2007 / Page 11

Defining State Com

petitivenessTo illustrate, consider the case of Georgia, which thisyear jumped from 37th to 28th position, with acompetitiveness index this year of 4.69 or justslightly below the average (5.00) in our ranking.Georgia certainly does some things well, particularlyin fiscal policy where it ranks 11th , and businessincubation, where it ranks fifth.

However, Georgia’s overallindex score is hurt byseveral factors, includingmost notably its low humanresources subindex ranking(46th) and its weakenvironmental subindexranking (39th). While theseare the areas of greatestdeficiency for Georgia, theyalso mark the areas withthe greatest potential. For example, if Georgia couldinstitute measures that would raise its subindexesfor human resources and environment variables tothe national average, it could increase its overallindex from 4.69 to 5.24, increasing its overall rankingfrom 28th to 20th. This improvement would beassociated with an increase in real personal incomeof almost $660 per person per year, or a total of $6.4billion for the whole state.

What next?Since 2001, when we began compiling theserankings, we have set out to invite the policymakers,citizens and the media to pore over the detailedresults contained here. We have also visited statehouses from Massachusetts to Rhode Island andArizona to Wisconsin and have hosted discussionswith delegations from the Republic of Georgia,China, and other nations. Legislatures and planningagencies have sought ways to improve their ranking.

Since then, we’ve received significant pressattention and fielded dozens of questions about ourmethodology. Some have compared our ranking toother studies that stress economic freedom or lowtax criteria. We do agree that economic freedom and

sound tax policy are important, and our index ofcompetitiveness includes some indicators, suchas the share of state tax collections in GrossState Product, that measure the weight ofgovernment quite well. However, we believethat other factors are also important tocompetitiveness, even if they are not easy toplace on a scale of economic freedom or fit into

the ideals of low tax regimes;these include such variables asthe time that is required totravel to work, the availabilityof venture capital, the numberof patents generated, and theimportance to the economy ofhigh-tech firms. For each state,we set out the maincompetitive strengths andweaknesses to give individuals

a sense of where their home state has been andwhich direction it could be taking.

The central goal of this report is to engageeveryone in thinking about how best to improvelong term economic growth, while expandingand maintaining high levels of personal income.At the state level, even if it is essential to thinkglobal, we still have to act local.

(Endnotes)1 Michael Porter, “The Current Competitiveness Index:Measuring the Microeconomic Foundations ofProsperity,” in World Economic Forum, The GlobalCompetitiveness Report 2000, Oxford University Press,New York, 2000. For more discussion ofcompetitiveness applied to nations see “What isCompetitiveness?” The Competitiveness Institute,(September 2007): http://www.competitiveness.org/article/articleview/774/1/32/ (accessed November 1,2008).2Michael E. Porter, The Competitive Advantage ofNations, Free Press, New York, 1990.3 Bettina H. Aten and Roger J. D’Souza, “Regional PriceParities: Comparing Price Level Differences AcrossGeographic Areas,” Survey of Current Business,November 2008, 64-74.

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Table A1

Components of Sub indexes for States

Sub index Competitiveness Indicators Index (“objective”)

Government &

Fiscal Policy

State and local taxes per capita /income per capita( )

Workers’ compensation premium rates ( )

Bond rating (composite of S&P’s and Moody’s, scale 1 25) (+)

Budget surplus as % of Gross State Product (+)

Average benefit per first payment for unemployed ( )

Full time equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

( )

Security Crime index per 100,000 inhabitants ( )

% Change in crime index, 2005 2006 ( )

Murders index per 100,000 inhabitants ( )

The BGA Integrity Index (+)

Infrastructure Telephone penetration (combined Fed/state/local taxes as % of price) (+)

High speed lines per 1000 (+)

Air passengers per capita (+)

Travel time to work ( )

Electricity prices per million BTU ( )

Median monthly housing costs ( )

Human Resources % of population without health insurance ( )

% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school (+)

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted ( )

% of students enrolled in degree granting institutions per 1000 (+)

% of adults in the labor force (+)

Infant mortality rate in deaths per 1,000 live births ( )

Non federal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants (+)

% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, Grade 4 public schools

(+)

Technology Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP (+)

NIH support to institutions in the state, per capita (+)

Patents per 100,000 inhabitants (+)

Science and engineering graduate students per 100,000 inhabitants (+)

Science and engineering degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants (+)

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force (+)

Employment in high tech industry as a % of total employment(+)

Business

Incubation

Deposits in commercial banks and savings institutions, per capita (+)

Venture capital available per capita (+)

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants (+)

IPO (A weighted measure of the value and number of initial public Stock

offerings of companies as a share of Gross State Product) (+)

% of labor force that is represented by unions ( )

Minimum wage ( )

Openness Exports per capita, $ (+)

Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, $ (+)

% of population born abroad (+)

Environmental

Policy

Toxic release inventory, pounds/1000 sq. miles ( )

Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles ( )

Air quality (% good average days) (+)

BHI


State Index

“The states of the United States all facethe same macroeconomic conditions set atthe top – national fiscal, monetary andtrade policy. Where they differ from oneanother is in their microeconomic policiessuch as tax and regulatory regimes, theirprovision and emphasis on education, andtheir attractiveness to business. Thesepolicies matter.”

BHI


How to Read Indicator Index Pages

Index Overall Rank

STATE NAME 6.10 5

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Subindex/Variable Inde

x Ran

k Subindex/Variable

Index

Rank

Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.97 24

Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.97 24

Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.10 11 Bond rating: composite 3.13 49

Security subindex 5.65 11 Security subindex 5.65 11

The BGA Integrity Index 5.69 15

Infrastructure subindex 3.63 47 Infrastructure subindex 3.63 47

High-speed lines per 1000 6.99 1 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.49 47

Median Monthly Housing Costs 3.35 47

Travel time to work 3.06 49

Human resources subindex 6.68 1 Human resources subindex 6.68 1

Technology subindex 8.45 1 Technology subindex 8.45 1

Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 7.71 2

Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.41 3

Business incubation subindex 7.65 1 Business incubation subindex 7.65 1

Bank deposits per capita 5.38 5 Minimum wage 3.42 43

Venture capital per capita 10.00 1

Openness subindex 6.29 7 Openness subindex 6.29 7

Exports per capita, dollars 5.95 7

% of population born abroad 5.98 9

Environmental policy subindex 3.92 43 Environmental policy subindex 3.92 43

Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles

2.80 48

A subindex combines one or more variables that explain certain social or economic characteristics. For example, the institutions and security subindex is composed of other variables such as crime, percentage change in crime, and murders committed in the state.

Variables are the elements that make up each subindex. Variables that rank between 1 and 20 are considered advantages to a state, while variables that rank between 30 and 50 are considered disadvantages.

The index value ranks from 0 to 10, with a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1. Each state’s index is ordered to create the overall rank among the 50 states.

In this column you will find variables where the state is competitive.

Each state’s overall rank is based on its total index from 1 (highest) to 50 (lowest)

In this column you will find variables where the state is not competitive

How

to r

ead

the

inde

x pa

ges

ow to ead t e de ages

BHI


2009 State Index

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

ALABAMA Index Overall Rank3.20 50


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.07 24 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.07 24State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.65 11 Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.05 42

Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.78 2 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.61 45

Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.67 38

Security subindex 3.66 50 Security subindex 3.66 50Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.73 45Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.22 42Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.70 46The BGA Integrity Index 3.00 48

Infrastructure subindex 4.96 29 Infrastructure subindex 4.96 29Telephone penetration (combined Fed/state/local taxes as % of price)

5.55 16 High-speed lines per 1000 3.96 43

Median monthly housing costs 5.86 9 Air passengers per capita 4.24 45

Human resources subindex 4.01 47 Human resources subindex 4.01 47% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

3.68 45

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.21 38% of adults who are in the labor force 3.66 46Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.51 46Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.23 40

% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

3.08 48

Technology subindex 4.77 34 Technology subindex 4.77 34Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.01 18 Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.06 44

Business incubation subindex 4.65 41 Business incubation subindex 4.65 41Minimum wage 4.96 8 Bank deposits per capita 4.63 34

Venture capital per capita 4.46 40Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.90 44

Openness subindex 4.63 39 Openness subindex 4.63 39Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.91 13 % of population born abroad 4.09 43

Environmental policy subindex 4.71 33 Environmental policy subindex 4.71 33Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 4.67 39Air Quality Index 4.36 37

BHI


State IndexALASKA Index Overall Rank

6.31 7



Budget deficit, % of GSP 10.00 1 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

2.29 49

Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.54 3

Security subindex 5.30 17 Security subindex 5.30 17Crime index change 2006-2007, % 6.84 2 The BGA Integrity Index 4.27 40



Air passengers per capita 7.29 3 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.44 45Travel time to work 6.48 5 Median monthly housing costs 3.99 42


6.41 2 % of population without health insurance 3.60 46

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.54 14 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.63 49

% of adults who are in the labor force 4.35 37Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.24 39

Technology subindex 4.28 42 Technology subindex 4.28 42NIH support to institutions per capita 4.22 45Patents per 100 000 inhabitants 3 88 50Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.88 50Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.40 34

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.40 49Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.58 32

Business incubation subindex 4.52 45 Business incubation subindex 4.52 45Bank deposits per capita 5.10 8 Venture capital per capita 4.40 50Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.30 17 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38Minimum wage 4.96 8 % of labor force that is represented by unions 2.92 48

Openness subindex 6.85 1 Openness subindex 6.85 1Exports per capita, dollars 5.85 6Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 10.00 1

Environmental policy subindex 5.88 7 Environmental policy subindex 5.88 7Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.94 1Air Quality Index 6.36 4

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

ARIZONA Index Overall Rank5.12 21


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.49 5 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.49 5State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.74 10 Bond rating: composite 4.20 37

Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.11 7 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.13 49Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.49 5


6.28 3

Security subindex 4.73 38 Security subindex 4.73 38Crime index change 2006-2007, % 5.32 16 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.48 47The BGA Integrity Index 5.84 11 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.26 37

Infrastructure subindex 4.96 28 Infrastructure subindex 4.96 28Air passengers per capita 5.54 8 Travel time to work 4.59 32

Median monthly housing costs 4.47 36

Human resources subindex 4.90 29 Human resources subindex 4.90 29% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 8.80 1 % of population without health insurance 3.92 43

% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

4.21 36

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.68 33% of adults who are in the labor force 4.40 35Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.40 35


3.58 44

Technology subindex 4.86 31 Technology subindex 4.86 31Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.14 17 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.62 33Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5 24 17 NIH support to institutions per capita 4 35 40Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.24 17 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.35 40Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.32 16 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.37 36

Business incubation subindex 5.34 9 Business incubation subindex 5.34 9IPO, % of GSP 6.01 7 Bank deposits per capita 4.45 49% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.54 20Minimum wage 6.59 4

Openness subindex 5.09 17 Openness subindex 5.09 17% of population born abroad 5.99 9 Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.62 45

Environmental policy subindex 4.42 44 Environmental policy subindex 4.42 44Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.69 14 Air Quality Index 2.09 50

BHI


State IndexARKANSAS Index Overall Rank

4.23 38


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.13 18 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.13 18Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.21 5 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.43 36Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.16 6Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.44 16


Infrastructure subindex 4.94 30 Infrastructure subindex 4.94 30Travel time to work 5.65 11 Telephone penetration (combined Fed/state/local taxes as

% of price)4.82 31

Electricity prices per million BTU 5.60 17 High-speed lines per 1000 3.32 47Median monthly housing costs 6.00 5 Air passengers per capita 4.26 44

Human resources subindex 4.27 43 Human resources subindex 4.27 43Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.45 16 % of population without health insurance 4.08 41


3.71 44

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.39 34

% of adults who are in the labor force 3.85 44Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.00 42Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 45


4.58 36

Technology subindex 4.03 49 Technology subindex 4.03 49Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.30 41NIH support to institutions per capita 4.28 41Patents per 100 000 inhabitants 3 94 47Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.94 47Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.07 46

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.60 48Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 3.95 47Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.06 41

Business incubation subindex 5.24 13 Business incubation subindex 5.24 13Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.42 15 Bank deposits per capita 4.60 39% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.98 10 Venture capital per capita 4.40 49Minimum wage 6.59 4 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38

Openness subindex 4.34 47 Openness subindex 4.34 47Exports per capita, dollars 4.10 43Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.66 43% of population born abroad 4.26 37

Environmental policy subindex 5.41 19 Environmental policy subindex 5.41 19Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.60 18

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Ca o a

CALIFORNIA Index Overall Rank4.48 32


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.48 46 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.48 46Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.83 9 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 3.99 45

Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.35 37Bond rating: composite 2.83 49

Security subindex 4.79 36 Security subindex 4.79 36The BGA Integrity Index 5.51 19 Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.12 45

Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.48 34

Infrastructure subindex 4.35 48 Infrastructure subindex 4.35 48High-speed lines per 1000 5.95 8 Telephone penetration (combined Fed/state/local taxes as

% of price)4.13 41

Air passengers per capita 5.03 15 Travel time to work 4.01 44Electricity prices per million BTU 4.07 40Median monthly housing costs 2.89 49


Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.22 5 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

3.20 48

Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.10 19 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 3.57 47

% of adults who are in the labor force 4.12 41% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

3.83 43

Technology subindex 5.67 6 Technology subindex 5.67 6NIH support to institutions per capita 5.46 10 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.65 31Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.76 4Science & Engineering grad students 100 000 5 22 20Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.22 20

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6.33 6Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

6.37 6

Business incubation subindex 5.15 16 Business incubation subindex 5.15 16Bank deposits per capita 4.79 18 % of labor force that is represented by unions 3.83 45Venture capital per capita 8.90 2 Minimum wage 3.74 44IPO, % of GSP 5.00 15

Openness subindex 5.98 4 Openness subindex 5.98 4% of population born abroad 8.06 1 Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.73 33

Environmental policy subindex 4.52 40 Environmental policy subindex 4.52 40Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 5.70 12 Air Quality Index 2.68 49

BHI


State Index

Colorado

COLORADO Index Overall Rank6.33 6


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.06 26 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.06 26State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.30 17 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.91 44

Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.96 9Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.16 6Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.36 20

Security subindex 5.34 13 Security subindex 5.34 13Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.60 17The BGA Integrity Index 5.86 10


% of price)4.61 35

Air passengers per capita 6.40 4 Travel time to work 4.70 31Electricity prices per million BTU 5.59 18 Median monthly housing costs 4.58 34



Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.45 16% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.30 18

% of adults who are in the labor force 5.74 13Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.46 19% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.71 9

Technology subindex 5.90 4 Technology subindex 5.90 4NIH support to institutions per capita 5.08 18Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 12Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 i h bit t

5.64 9inhabitantsS&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.27 7Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6.85 3Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

7.00 3

Business incubation subindex 5.57 6 Business incubation subindex 5.57 6Venture capital per capita 6.29 3 Bank deposits per capita 4.61 36Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.95 2 Minimum wage 4.91 39IPO, % of GSP 5.02 14% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.65 18

Openness subindex 4.67 37 Openness subindex 4.67 37Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.87 18 Exports per capita, dollars 3.84 46


Environmental policy subindex 5.48 16 Environmental policy subindex 5.48 16Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 5.76 6

Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.68 15

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

CONNECTICUT Index Overall Rank4.81 26


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.38 48 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.38 48

State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 3.46 48Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.78 31Bond rating: composite 4.20 37Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.59 46Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.91 45

Security subindex 5.32 15 Security subindex 5.32 15Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.92 10 Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.13 44Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.47 20The BGA Integrity Index 5.76 14

Infrastructure subindex 4.66 41 Infrastructure subindex 4.66 41Telephone penetration (combined Fed/state/local taxesas % of price)

5.71 12 Air passengers per capita 4.36 40

High-speed lines per 1000 6.72 2 Travel time to work 4.56 34Electricity prices per million BTU 2.74 49Median monthly housing costs 3.86 44

Human resources subindex 5.66 8 Human resources subindex 5.66 8% of population without health insurance 6.18 4 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.19 40


5.56 19



5.84 6

Technology subindex 5.53 9 Technology subindex 5.53 9NIH support to institutions per capita 6.33 3Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.01 8Science & Engineering grad students 100 000 6 66 4Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

6.66 4

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.16 19

Business incubation subindex 4.69 35 Business incubation subindex 4.69 35Bank deposits per capita 4.90 16 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.31 38IPO, % of GSP 6.14 5 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.20 39

Minimum wage 3.74 44


% of population born abroad 5.78 11Environmental policy subindex 4.60 38 Environmental policy subindex 4.60 38


BHI


State Index

Delaware

DELAWARE Index Overall Rank5.16 20


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.11 19 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.11 19Bond rating: composite 6.48 1 Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.95 43Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.68 14 Full-time-equivalent state and local government

employees per 100 residents 4.83 35

Security subindex 4.28 46 Security subindex 4.28 46Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.31 35Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.18 40The BGA Integrity Index 3.91 43



High-speed lines per 1000 6.44 3 Travel time to work 4.59 32Electricity prices per million BTU 4.29 38Median monthly housing costs 4.17 39

Human resources subindex 5.10 25 Human resources subindex 5.10 25% of population without health insurance 5.87 9 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.46 47% of adults who are in the labor force 6.56 5 % of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade

4 - public schools 4.58 36

Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.04 20

Technology subindex 5.04 21 Technology subindex 5.04 21Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.73 9 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.06 48Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.48 12 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.53 34

S&E degrees awarded per 100 000 inhabitants 5 16 18S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.16 18Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.20 18Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.15 18

Business incubation subindex 6.81 1 Business incubation subindex 6.81 1Bank deposits per capita 10.00 1Venture capital per capita 5.23 9Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.02 8IPO, % of GSP 10.00 1Minimum wage 4.96 8


Environmental policy subindex 2.84 50 Environmental policy subindex 2.84 50Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 1.08 50Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 3.33 47Air Quality Index 4.11 41

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Florida

FLORIDA Index Overall Rank4.87 25


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.87 1 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.87 1State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 6.70 4

Bond rating: composite 6.02 8Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.05 16Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.15 7


6.07 4

Security subindex 4.49 42 Security subindex 4.49 42The BGA Integrity Index 5.74 16 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.37 48

Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.65 33Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.22 39

Infrastructure subindex 4.48 47 Infrastructure subindex 4.48 47Air passengers per capita 5.66 6 Telephone penetration (combined Fed/state/local taxes as

% of price)3.17 48

Travel time to work 4.33 40Electricity prices per million BTU 4.49 37Median monthly housing costs 4.00 41

Human resources subindex 4.44 39 Human resources subindex 4.44 39Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.14 18 % of population without health insurance 3.43 47


4.61 33


% of adults who are in the labor force 4.35 37Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.76 31

Technology subindex 4.34 39 Technology subindex 4.34 39Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.08 47NIH support to institutions per capita 4 26 42NIH support to institutions per capita 4.26 42Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.44 33

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.79 46Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.67 31

Business incubation subindex 5.29 11 Business incubation subindex 5.29 11Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.93 3 Venture capital per capita 4.55 34% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.88 12Minimum wage 4.96 8

Openness subindex 5.29 14 Openness subindex 5.29 14% of population born abroad 6.69 5 Exports per capita, dollars 4.61 31

Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.57 48

Environmental policy subindex 5.17 22 Environmental policy subindex 5.17 22Air Quality Index 6.11 8 Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 4.76 37


BHI


State Index

g

GEORGIA Index Overall Rank4.69 28


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.29 11 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.29 11Bond rating: composite 6.48 1 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.51 35Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.05 16Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.33 19

Security subindex 4.57 39 Security subindex 4.57 39Crime index change 2006-2007, % 5.32 17 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.78 43


Infrastructure subindex 5.09 18 Infrastructure subindex 5.09 18Air passengers per capita 6.09 5 Travel time to work 4.01 44

Median monthly housing costs 4.94 31

Human resources subindex 4.11 46 Human resources subindex 4.11 46% of population without health insurance 3.90 44% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from highschool

4.24 35




4.33 39

Technology subindex 4.66 35 Technology subindex 4.66 35Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.13 20 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000

inhabitants4.22 41

Employment in high-tech industry as % of total 5 13 19 S&E degrees awarded per 100 000 inhabitants 4 18 41Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.13 19 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.18 41

Business incubation subindex 5.71 5 Business incubation subindex 5.71 5Venture capital per capita 4.90 18 Bank deposits per capita 4.67 31Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.17 19% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.46 1Minimum wage 8.38 1




BHI


Stat

e In

dex

HAWAII Index Overall Rank4.72 27


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.44 47 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.44 47Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.42 16 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 3.90 46

Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.80 34Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 2.58 50

Security subindex 6.14 1 Security subindex 6.14 1Crime index change 2006-2007, % 7.45 1 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.57 33Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.16 5The BGA Integrity Index 6.37 3


5.47 17 Travel time to work 4.27 42

High-speed lines per 1000 5.88 11 Electricity prices per million BTU 2.01 50Air passengers per capita 9.32 1 Median monthly housing costs 1.93 50



6.04 8 % of adults who are in the labor force 4.74 31

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.67 12 % of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

4.71 33



Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.51 32

S&E degrees awarded per 100 000 inhabitants 3 77 47S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.77 47Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.11 37Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.06 40

Business incubation subindex 4.32 50 Business incubation subindex 4.32 50Bank deposits per capita 4.77 20 Venture capital per capita 4.45 43Minimum wage 4.96 8 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.49 31

IPO, % of GSP 4.48 36% of labor force that is represented by unions 2.78 49



Environmental policy subindex 5.43 18 Environmental policy subindex 5.43 18Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 5.64 17 Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 4.82 35

Air Quality Index 5.85 13

BHI


State Index

Idaho

IDAHO Index Overall Rank6.12 10


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.96 28 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.96 28Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.35 18 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.34 38Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.37 18 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.75 36

Security subindex 5.54 8 Security subindex 5.54 8Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.42 4 The BGA Integrity Index 3.53 44Crime index change 2006-2007, % 5.90 11Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.33 4




Human resources subindex 4.82 31 Human resources subindex 4.82 31Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.57 16 % of population without health insurance 4.13 37



Technology subindex 5.28 16 Technology subindex 5.28 16Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 7.67 2 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.14 45Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.68 12 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.03 50Employment in high-tech industry as % of total 6.18 9 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.31 39p y g yemployment

g g g ,

Business incubation subindex 5.12 17 Business incubation subindex 5.12 17Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.42 5 Bank deposits per capita 4.43 50% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.86 13 Venture capital per capita 4.49 37Minimum wage 4.96 8

Openness subindex 4.67 36 Openness subindex 4.67 36Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.62 46

Environmental policy subindex 5.84 9 Environmental policy subindex 5.84 9Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.90 3Air Quality Index 6.17 6

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Illinois

ILLINOIS Index Overall Rank4.33 36




5.87 8 Bond rating: composite 4.20 37


Security subindex 5.00 24 Security subindex 5.00 24The BGA Integrity Index 5.84 11 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 36


% of price)4.10 42


Human resources subindex 4.93 28 Human resources subindex 4.93 28% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.41 14 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.26 36

Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.31 16 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.55 34

Technology subindex 4.98 26 Technology subindex 4.98 26NIH support to institutions per capita 4.92 20 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.54 36Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.10 18, p ,Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.67 8

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.16 19

Business incubation subindex 4.68 36 Business incubation subindex 4.68 36Bank deposits per capita 4.96 11 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.37 34IPO, % of GSP 6.04 6 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.18 42


Openness subindex 5.34 12 Openness subindex 5.34 12Exports per capita, dollars 5.31 17% of population born abroad 5.91 10


BHI


State Index

Indiana

INDIANA Index Overall Rank4.26 37


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.47 8 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.47 8Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.84 2Bond rating: composite 5.57 12Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.10 15Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.48 16


Infrastructure subindex 5.10 17 Infrastructure subindex 5.10 17Electricity prices per million BTU 5.67 15 High-speed lines per 1000 4.65 34Median monthly housing costs 5.63 18 Air passengers per capita 4.32 42

Human resources subindex 4.76 32 Human resources subindex 4.76 32% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.33 19 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.30 35

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.30 39Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.34 38

Technology subindex 4.55 36 Technology subindex 4.55 36S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.16 17 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.64 31

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.49 35Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.07 39Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.97 45p y g y p y

Business incubation subindex 4.61 42 Business incubation subindex 4.61 42Minimum wage 4.96 8 Bank deposits per capita 4.53 46

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.07 42

Openness subindex 4.91 24 Openness subindex 4.91 24Exports per capita, dollars 5.30 18 % of population born abroad 4.29 34Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 5.13 6


BHI


Stat

e In

dex

IOWA Index Overall Rank6.13 9



Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.79 11 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.29 41

Bond rating: composite 5.57 12Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.11 14

Security subindex 5.94 2 Security subindex 5.94 2Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.08 7Crime index change 2006-2007, % 6.69 3Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.90 11



Travel time to work 6.45 6 Air passengers per capita 4.21 46Electricity prices per million BTU 5.80 12Median monthly housing costs 6.00 6

Human resources subindex 5.98 4 Human resources subindex 5.98 4% of population without health insurance 6.15 5 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.36 36


6.04 8



Technology subindex 4.99 25 Technology subindex 4.99 25Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.28 15 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.29 35NIH support to institutions per capita 5.11 15 Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.22 35


5.30 15


Business incubation subindex 4.66 40 Business incubation subindex 4.66 40Minimum wage 4.96 8 Venture capital per capita 4.55 32

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.21 41IPO, % of GSP 4.50 33

Openness subindex 4.72 32 Openness subindex 4.72 32Exports per capita, dollars 5.24 20 Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.67 39




BHI


State IndexKANSAS Index Overall Rank

5.72 14


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.81 32 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.81 32Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.94 10 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.72 38Bond rating: composite 5.57 12 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.11 41


3.73 48

Security subindex 5.44 11 Security subindex 5.44 11Crime index change 2006-2007, % 6.28 4 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.64 32The BGA Integrity Index 5.59 18


% of price)4.54 37

Electricity prices per million BTU 5.52 20 High-speed lines per 1000 4.55 36Median monthly housing costs 5.72 13 Air passengers per capita 4.11 48


5.82 16 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.65 31



5.84 6

Technology subindex 5.04 22 Technology subindex 5.04 22Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.90 7 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.64 32

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.07 20 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.53 33Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5 31 16Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.31 16Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.15 17

Business incubation subindex 4.96 24 Business incubation subindex 4.96 24IPO, % of GSP 4.92 17% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.73 16Minimum wage 4.96 8



Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.67 16Air Quality Index 6.27 5

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

e tuc y

KENTUCKY Index Overall Rank3.95 43



Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.95 43Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.70 39Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.83 34

Security subindex 5.01 23 Security subindex 5.01 23Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.75 16 Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.27 41


% of price)4.75 32

Travel time to work 5.28 17 High-speed lines per 1000 3.70 45Electricity prices per million BTU 6.00 3Median monthly housing costs 6.17 4


3.51 46

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.04 41% of adults who are in the labor force 3.47 48Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.46 33


4.71 33

Technology subindex 4.26 44 Technology subindex 4.26 44NIH support to institutions per capita 4.54 32Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.23 40Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.34 37inhabitants


Business incubation subindex 4.68 37 Business incubation subindex 4.68 37% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.58 19 Bank deposits per capita 4.57 42Minimum wage 4.96 8 Venture capital per capita 4.48 38

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.83 48



BHI


State IndexLOUISIANA Index Overall Rank

4.06 41



Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.15 9 Bond rating: composite 1.91 50Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.51 4 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees

per 100 residents 4.05 42




Electricity prices per million BTU 5.65 16 Air passengers per capita 4.51 33Travel time to work 4.50 36



3.48 47



2.95 49

Technology subindex 4.33 40 Technology subindex 4.33 40Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.47 39NIH support to institutions per capita 4.46 36Patents per 100 000 inhabitants 4 05 46Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 46Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.00 45Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.99 43




Environmental policy subindex 4.86 30 Environmental policy subindex 4.86 30Air Quality Index 5.49 17 Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 4.39 43


BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Maine

MAINE Index Overall Rank5.05 23


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.59 45 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.59 45Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.43 17 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.43 36

Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.81 45Bond rating: composite 4.20 37Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.74 37

Security subindex 5.31 16 Security subindex 5.31 16Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.13 6 Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.47 34Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.94 9 The BGA Integrity Index 4.71 33



Air passengers per capita 4.41 38Electricity prices per million BTU 3.98 42



5.87 12



5.71 9



3.10 50ab ta ts

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.61 33Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.05 40Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

4.18 37

Business incubation subindex 5.15 15 Business incubation subindex 5.15 15Bank deposits per capita 5.21 6Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.84 11IPO, % of GSP 5.65 8Minimum wage 4.96 8





BHI


State Index

y

MARYLAND Index Overall Rank4.48 31


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.22 15 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.22 15Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.02 8 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 3.73 47Bond rating: composite 6.48 1 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.70 39Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.58 12

Security subindex 4.41 45 Security subindex 4.41 45The BGA Integrity Index 5.87 9 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.20 37

Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.38 40Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.18 49


% of price)4.71 33


Human resources subindex 5.50 12 Human resources subindex 5.50 12% of population without health insurance 5.69 14 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.21 40Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.58 13% of adults who are in the labor force 5.77 12Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.88 3


5.58 15

Technology subindex 6.50 2 Technology subindex 6.50 2Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 7.78 2NIH support to institutions per capita 7.03 2Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 6.13 6g g g ,inhabitants


6.82 4

Business incubation subindex 4.94 25 Business incubation subindex 4.94 25Venture capital per capita 5.38 7IPO, % of GSP 4.99 16Minimum wage 4.96 8




BHI


Stat

e In

dex

MASSACHUSETTS Index Overall Rank7.04 1


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.90 30 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.90 30Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.58 3 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 2.83 49Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.62 11




High-speed lines per 1000 6.17 5 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.21 48Median monthly housing costs 3.74 45

Human resources subindex 6.38 1 Human resources subindex 6.38 1% of population without health insurance 7.31 1 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.94 31% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

5.59 18




7.21 1

Technology subindex 7.70 1 Technology subindex 7.70 1Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.08 3NIH support to institutions per capita 10.00 1Patents per 100 000 inhabitants 6 72 5Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.72 5Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

8.82 1


7.22 2

Business incubation subindex 5.81 4 Business incubation subindex 5.81 4Bank deposits per capita 5.01 9 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.33 37Venture capital per capita 9.74 1 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.29 37IPO, % of GSP 7.77 2 Minimum wage 3.74 44




BHI


State Index

g

MICHIGAN Index Overall Rank4.47 33


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.93 29 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.93 29Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.30 20 Bond rating: composite 3.74 46Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.03 6 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.70 39




Electricity prices per million BTU 5.11 33

Human resources subindex 4.54 34 Human resources subindex 4.54 34% of population without health insurance 5.59 16 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 2.08 50% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.26 19 % of adults who are in the labor force 3.88 43

Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.48 11 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.19 41


4.46 38

Technology subindex 5.18 19 Technology subindex 5.18 19Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.01 19NIH support to institutions per capita 4.96 19Patents per 100 000 inhabitants 5 52 13Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.52 13S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.45 13Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.11 20

Business incubation subindex 4.39 49 Business incubation subindex 4.39 49Bank deposits per capita 4.58 41Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.86 45% of labor force that is represented by unions 3.81 46Minimum wage 4.72 41



BHI


Stat

e In

dex

MINNESOTA Index Overall Rank6.58 4


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.87 31 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.87 31Bond rating: composite 6.02 8 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.25 39Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents



Security subindex 5.80 3 Security subindex 5.80 3Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.46 20Crime index change 2006-2007, % 5.91 10Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.07 7The BGA Integrity Index 5.75 15Infrastructure subindex 5.27 9 Infrastructure subindex 5.27 9Air passengers per capita 5.43 10Travel time to work 5.28 17

Human resources subindex 6.23 2 Human resources subindex 6.23 2% of population without health insurance 6.25 3% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

6.41 2




6.84 3

Technology subindex 5.70 5 Technology subindex 5.70 5NIH support to institutions per capita 5.45 11 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.30 43Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.49 7Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

7.22 2inhabitants


5.51 14

Business incubation subindex 5.04 19 Business incubation subindex 5.04 19Venture capital per capita 5.49 6 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.23 40Minimum wage 6.75 3 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.27 38




BHI


State Index

pp

MISSISSIPPI Index Overall Rank3.29 49


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.27 13 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.27 13State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.39 15 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.73 37

Bond rating: composite 5.57 12 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

3.97 45


Security subindex 4.83 34 Security subindex 4.83 34Crime index change 2006-2007, % 6.15 7 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.49 48


Infrastructure subindex 4.62 45 Infrastructure subindex 4.62 45Median monthly housing costs 5.82 12 High-speed lines per 1000 2.52 50

Air passengers per capita 4.17 47


3.11 49




2.83 50

Technology subindex 4.10 48 Technology subindex 4.10 48Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.36 10 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.09 48

Patents per 100 000 inhabitants 3 92 49Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.92 49Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.00 47





Environmental policy subindex 5.20 20 Environmental policy subindex 5.20 20Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.53 20

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

MISSOURI Index Overall Rank4.44 34


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.50 4 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.50 4State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.13 18

Bond rating: composite 6.48 1Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.12 11Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.84 11

Security subindex 4.51 40 Security subindex 4.51 40Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.18 39Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.66 47


% of price)3.30 46

Electricity prices per million BTU 5.84 9 High-speed lines per 1000 4.23 41Median monthly housing costs 5.70 14

Human resources subindex 5.01 26 Human resources subindex 5.01 26% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.40 15 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.73 32

% of adults who are in the labor force 5.07 20 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.48 35

Technology subindex 4.92 28 Technology subindex 4.92 28Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.08 17 Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 33NIH support to institutions per capita 5.38 12 Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.63 31


5.30 17

Business incubation subindex 4.71 33 Business incubation subindex 4.71 33IPO, % of GSP 4.73 20 Venture capital per capita 4.57 31Minimum wage 4.96 8 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.26 39


Environmental policy subindex 4.98 26 Environmental policy subindex 4.98 26Air Quality Index 4.46 36

BHI


State IndexMONTANA Index Overall Rank

5.52 17



Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.90 10 Bond rating: composite 4.20 37

Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.86 31



5.94 6

High-speed lines per 1000 5.81 12Travel time to work 6.62 3Electricity prices per million BTU 5.78 13Median monthly housing costs 5.86 9



Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 6.14 6 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.03 44

% of adults who are in the labor force 5.24 18 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.55 32


5.71 9

Technology subindex 4.79 32 Technology subindex 4.79 32Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.62 7 Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 37S&E degrees awarded per 100 000 inhabitants 6 02 9 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4 01 43S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.02 9 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.01 43

Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.17 38

Business incubation subindex 4.98 22 Business incubation subindex 4.98 22Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.80 4 Bank deposits per capita 4.60 38Minimum wage 4.96 8 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38

% of labor force that is represented by unions 4.50 34




BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Nebraska

NEBRASKA Index Overall Rank5.55 16


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.09 21 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.09 21Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.30 20 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.60 31Bond rating: composite 5.57 12 Full-time-equivalent state and local government



Security subindex 5.79 4 Security subindex 5.79 4Crime index change 2006-2007, % 6.24 5The BGA Integrity Index 6.18 6


% of price)2.59 50



5.99 11



Technology subindex 4.92 29 Technology subindex 4.92 29Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.29 14 Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.29 36Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.39 14inhabitantsS&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.33 14

Business incubation subindex 4.83 30 Business incubation subindex 4.83 30Bank deposits per capita 4.90 15 Venture capital per capita 4.50 36Minimum wage 4.96 8 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38




BHI


State Index

Nevada

NEVADA Index Overall Rank5.35 19



Bond rating: composite 5.57 12 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.77 31Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.05 16Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.87 1

Security subindex 4.83 35 Security subindex 4.83 35Crime index change 2006-2007, % 6.24 6 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.18 38

Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.26 37The BGA Integrity Index 4.62 34


7.00 2 Electricity prices per million BTU 5.04 35

High-speed lines per 1000 5.65 14 Median monthly housing costs 3.62 46Air passengers per capita 8.10 2

Human resources subindex 4.14 45 Human resources subindex 4.14 45Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.76 12 % of population without health insurance 3.32 48


4.13 39




4.08 42

Technology subindex 3.86 50 Technology subindex 3.86 50Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.78 50NIH support to institutions per capita 4 05 49NIH support to institutions per capita 4.05 49Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

3.81 48


Business incubation subindex 5.32 10 Business incubation subindex 5.32 10Bank deposits per capita 6.46 4 Venture capital per capita 4.45 42Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.93 10 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.06 43IPO, % of GSP 4.90 18Minimum wage 6.10 6


Environmental policy subindex 4.71 34 Environmental policy subindex 4.71 34Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.85 5 Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 4.79 34


BHI


Stat

e In

dex

p

NEW HAMPSHIRE Index Overall Rank5.70 15





5.43 17




High-speed lines per 1000 6.09 6 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.26 47Median monthly housing costs 4.19 38



6.21 4

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.92 10% of adults who are in the labor force 6.39 7Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.37 4Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.48 12


7.09 2

Technology subindex 5.46 11 Technology subindex 5.46 11Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.67 6 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.31 40

NIH support to institutions per capita 5.10 16P t t 100 000 i h bit t 5 72 10Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.72 10Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6.24 7Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

6.31 7

Business incubation subindex 5.24 12 Business incubation subindex 5.24 12Venture capital per capita 6.00 5 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.28 7Minimum wage 4.96 8




BHI


State Index

New Jersey

NEW JERSEY Index Overall Rank4.03 42



State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 2.85 50Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.45 35Bond rating: composite 4.20 37Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.16 48Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.74 36

Security subindex 5.52 9 Security subindex 5.52 9Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.06 8 Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.14 43The BGA Integrity Index 6.75 1

Infrastructure subindex 4.55 46 Infrastructure subindex 4.55 46High-speed lines per 1000 7.20 1 Travel time to work 3.12 48

Electricity prices per million BTU 3.58 44Median monthly housing costs 3.29 47

Human resources subindex 5.34 17 Human resources subindex 5.34 17% of adults who are in the labor force 5.38 17 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.64 34Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.06 9 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.72 48



6.21 5

Technology subindex 4.93 27 Technology subindex 4.93 27Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 11 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.98 49Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.89 9 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.42 38Employment in high-tech industry as % of total 5.82 10 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.20 39p y g yemployment

g p ,

Business incubation subindex 5.01 21 Business incubation subindex 5.01 21Bank deposits per capita 4.99 10 % of labor force that is represented by unions 3.92 44Venture capital per capita 5.35 8Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.46 14IPO, % of GSP 5.35 9Minimum wage 4.96 8



Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 4.44 42Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 0.68 50Air Quality Index 4.73 32

BHI


Stat

e In

dex

NEW MEXICO Index Overall Rank4.14 40


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.10 20 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.10 20State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.65 11 Full-time-equivalent state and local government


Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.30 20Bond rating: composite 5.57 12

Security subindex 3.90 48 Security subindex 3.90 48Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.70 46Crime index change 2006-2007, % 3.99 46Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.87 45The BGA Integrity Index 4.03 42


% of price)4.57 36


Human resources subindex 4.47 37 Human resources subindex 4.47 37Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.54 14 % of population without health insurance 3.29 49% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.45 13 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 3.82 42

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.56 17 % of adults who are in the labor force 4.09 42% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

3.33 47

Technology subindex 5.46 12 Technology subindex 5.46 12Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.74 5 Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.43 32Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.52 11 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.39 38

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6 46 5Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6.46 5Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

6.80 5

Business incubation subindex 4.75 31 Business incubation subindex 4.75 31Bank deposits per capita 4.45 48IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38Minimum wage 4.56 43





BHI


State IndexNEW YORK Index Overall Rank

4.37 35


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.32 49 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.32 49Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.04 20 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 2.94 49

Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.63 32Bond rating: composite 4.20 37Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.72 35Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.37 40

Security subindex 5.18 21 Security subindex 5.18 21Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.34 5 The BGA Integrity Index 4.52 36


% of price)3.24 47

Air passengers per capita 5.01 16 Travel time to work 2.69 50Electricity prices per million BTU 3.29 46Median monthly housing costs 3.96 43

Human resources subindex 5.26 20 Human resources subindex 5.26 20% of population without health insurance 5.52 18 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 4.30 34

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.64 15 % of adults who are in the labor force 4.50 33Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.93 2

Technology subindex 5.25 18 Technology subindex 5.25 18NIH support to institutions per capita 5.66 9Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.23 15Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 6.22 5g g g ,inhabitants


Business incubation subindex 4.89 27 Business incubation subindex 4.89 27Bank deposits per capita 5.44 5 % of labor force that is represented by unions 2.58 50Venture capital per capita 5.18 12IPO, % of GSP 6.23 3Minimum wage 4.96 8



BHI


Stat

e In

dex

NORTH CAROLINA Index Overall Rank4.51 30


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.07 23 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.07 23Bond rating: composite 6.48 1 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.60 31

Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.68 42Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.86 32


Infrastructure subindex 5.22 11 Infrastructure subindex 5.22 11Air passengers per capita 5.17 14

Human resources subindex 4.46 38 Human resources subindex 4.46 38% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools



4.16 38

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.00 43% of adults who are in the labor force 4.40 35Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.79 44

Technology subindex 5.05 20 Technology subindex 5.05 20Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.43 9 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.65 32NIH support to institutions per capita 5.72 8

Business incubation subindex 5.15 14 Business incubation subindex 5.15 14Bank deposits per capita 5.12 7Venture capital per capita 4.97 16IPO, % of GSP 4.78 19% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.39 2Minimum wage 4.96 8


Environmental policy subindex 4.66 36 Environmental policy subindex 4.66 36Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 4.57 40Air Quality Index 4.33 38

BHI


State IndexNORTH DAKOTA Index Overall Rank

6.93 2




3.99 44




% of price)4.69 34



5.85 13



5.71 9

Technology subindex 5.36 14 Technology subindex 5.36 14Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.98 4 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.37 39Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

6.93 3 Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.25 39inhabitants

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.73 4 Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.59 32

Business incubation subindex 5.02 20 Business incubation subindex 5.02 20Bank deposits per capita 4.90 14 Venture capital per capita 4.41 47Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.57 13 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.82 14Minimum wage 4.96 8





BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Ohio

OHIO Index Overall Rank3.68 47



Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.34 48Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.84 32

Security subindex 4.85 33 Security subindex 4.85 33Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.67 31The BGA Integrity Index 4.86 31



Travel time to work 5.19 19Median monthly housing costs 5.64 16

Human resources subindex 4.96 27 Human resources subindex 4.96 27% of population without health insurance 5.52 18 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.00 43Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.41 14 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.53 31


5.71 9 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.34 37

Technology subindex 4.79 33 Technology subindex 4.79 33Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.09 19 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.54 35Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.29 19 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.41 34

Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.30 34p y g y p y

Business incubation subindex 4.44 47 Business incubation subindex 4.44 47Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.27 50% of labor force that is represented by unions 4.54 33Minimum wage 4.88 40

Openness subindex 4.75 31 Openness subindex 4.75 31% of population born abroad 4.24 38

Environmental policy subindex 3.66 48 Environmental policy subindex 3.66 48Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 2.23 49Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 3.98 44

BHI


State IndexOKLAHOMA Index Overall Rank

3.91 44


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.61 42 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.61 42Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.16 6 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.60 31

Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.06 41Bond rating: composite 4.20 37Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.59 39


Infrastructure subindex 5.06 19 Infrastructure subindex 5.06 19Travel time to work 5.68 10 High-speed lines per 1000 3.60 46Electricity prices per million BTU 5.82 10 Air passengers per capita 4.41 39Median monthly housing costs 5.96 7


% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from highschool

4.69 32



4.21 41

Technology subindex 4.27 43 Technology subindex 4.27 43Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.13 46NIH support to institutions per capita 4.25 44Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.34 34Science & Engineering grad students 100 000 4 38 35Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.38 35


4.22 35

Business incubation subindex 4.96 23 Business incubation subindex 4.96 23IPO, % of GSP 5.20 11 Bank deposits per capita 4.65 32% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.80 15 Venture capital per capita 4.45 41Minimum wage 5.04 7




BHI


Stat

e In

dex

g

OREGON Index Overall Rank6.11 11


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.22 14 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.22 14Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.76 13 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.73 34Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.32 5Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.92 7

Security subindex 5.45 10 Security subindex 5.45 10Crime index change 2006-2007, % 6.07 9 The BGA Integrity Index 4.75 32Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.03 8


7.10 1

High-speed lines per 1000 5.34 19Air passengers per capita 4.94 18Travel time to work 5.30 16Electricity prices per million BTU 5.69 14



Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.89 11 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 3.74 45Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.34 15 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.43 33


4.71 33

Technology subindex 5.31 15 Technology subindex 5.31 15NIH support to institutions per capita 5.20 13 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000

inhabitants4.31 38

Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.60 6Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5 78 10Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.78 10Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.73 11

Business incubation subindex 4.48 46 Business incubation subindex 4.48 46Venture capital per capita 4.93 17 Bank deposits per capita 4.50 47Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.64 12 IPO, % of GSP 4.51 32

% of labor force that is represented by unions 4.20 39Minimum wage 3.09 49


% of population born abroad 5.23 17Environmental policy subindex 5.86 8 Environmental policy subindex 5.86 8Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 5.77 5


BHI


State Index

y

PENNSYLVANIA Index Overall Rank4.18 39


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.77 33 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.77 33Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.34 2 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.25 39

Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.42 36Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.01 42




% of price)3.90 43

Travel time to work 4.36 39Electricity prices per million BTU 5.08 34

Human resources subindex 5.36 16 Human resources subindex 5.36 16% of population without health insurance 6.08 8 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.72 32Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.23 7


5.84 6

Technology subindex 5.28 17 Technology subindex 5.28 17Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.30 12NIH support to institutions per capita 5.89 6Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 5.30 18g g g ,inhabitants


Business incubation subindex 4.70 34 Business incubation subindex 4.70 34Bank deposits per capita 4.83 17 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 35Venture capital per capita 5.05 14 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.40 36Minimum wage 4.96 8



BHI


Stat

e In

dex

RHODE ISLAND Index Overall Rank4.68 29


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.73 37 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.73 37Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.35 2 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.25 39Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.06 5 Bond rating: composite 4.20 37




% of price)3.63 45

Air passengers per capita 4.99 17 Electricity prices per million BTU 3.66 43Travel time to work 5.13 20 Median monthly housing costs 4.57 35

Human resources subindex 5.24 22 Human resources subindex 5.24 22% of population without health insurance 5.83 10 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 4.18 37

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 6.68 3 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 3.23 49


Technology subindex 5.59 7 Technology subindex 5.59 7Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.48 8NIH support to institutions per capita 6.31 4Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.16 16Science & Engineering grad students 100 000 5 30 16Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.30 16


Business incubation subindex 4.74 32 Business incubation subindex 4.74 32Bank deposits per capita 4.94 13 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38Venture capital per capita 4.83 20 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.20 39Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.35 16 Minimum wage 4.72 41





BHI


State IndexSOUTH CAROLINA Index Overall Rank

3.86 45



Bond rating: composite 6.02 8 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.87 31


Security subindex 4.22 47 Security subindex 4.22 47Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.21 50Crime index change 2006-2007, % 4.70 32Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 44

Infrastructure subindex 5.02 26 Infrastructure subindex 5.02 26Median monthly housing costs 5.60 19 High-speed lines per 1000 4.71 32

Air passengers per capita 4.30 43


4.04 40




4.33 39

Technology subindex 4.21 46 Technology subindex 4.21 46NIH support to institutions per capita 4.45 37Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.27 38Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

3.56 49






BHI


Stat

e In

dex

SOUTH DAKOTA Index Overall Rank5.89 12


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.35 10 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.35 10State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 6.26 6 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees

per 100 residents 4.85 33

Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.42 16Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.12 11Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.81 12



% of price)4.33 39




6.04 8



5.33 19

Technology subindex 4.43 37 Technology subindex 4.43 37S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.37 6 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.20 44

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.26 43Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 45Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.16 43

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.00 44Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.98 44

Business incubation subindex 5.44 7 Business incubation subindex 5.44 7Bank deposits per capita 7.60 2 Venture capital per capita 4.41 47Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.12 20 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.14 7Minimum wage 4.96 8




BHI


State IndexTENNESSEE Index Overall Rank

3.76 46



Bond rating: composite 5.57 12Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 6.45 6


5.37 19

Security subindex 3.86 49 Security subindex 3.86 49Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.35 49Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.13 42The BGA Integrity Index 3.22 47

Infrastructure subindex 5.06 20 Infrastructure subindex 5.06 20Median monthly housing costs 5.69 15 Telephone penetration (combined Fed/state/local taxes as

% of price)4.44 38


3.99 41



3.58 44

Technology subindex 4.28 41 Technology subindex 4.28 41NIH support to institutions per capita 5.16 14 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.58 35

Patents per 100 000 inhabitants 4 33 35Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.33 35Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.18 42


Business incubation subindex 4.90 26 Business incubation subindex 4.90 26IPO, % of GSP 5.21 10 Bank deposits per capita 4.63 35% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.10 8 Venture capital per capita 4.52 35Minimum wage 4.96 8 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.98 43

Openness subindex 4.81 28 Openness subindex 4.81 28Exports per capita, dollars 5.33 15 % of population born abroad 4.29 34


BHI


Stat

e In

dex

TEXAS Index Overall Rank4.95 24






% of price)3.69 44

High-speed lines per 1000 4.44 37Travel time to work 4.56 34Electricity prices per million BTU 4.82 36

Human resources subindex 4.27 42 Human resources subindex 4.27 42% of population without health insurance 2.67 50% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from highschool

3.03 50


% of adults who are in the labor force 4.57 32Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.18 41

Technology subindex 4.88 30 Technology subindex 4.88 30Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.48 15 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.52 37Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.49 15 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.19 40employment

Business incubation subindex 5.07 18 Business incubation subindex 5.07 18Venture capital per capita 5.00 15 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.33 36IPO, % of GSP 5.20 13% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.28 4Minimum wage 4.96 8




BHI


State IndexUTAH Index Overall Rank

6.65 3


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.40 9 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.40 9Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.17 6 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.62 44Bond rating: composite 6.48 1 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.59 36Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.75 10

Security subindex 5.32 14 Security subindex 5.32 14Crime index change 2006-2007, % 5.50 15 The BGA Integrity Index 4.52 36Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.38 3


% of price)4.25 40

Travel time to work 5.65 11 High-speed lines per 1000 4.76 31Electricity prices per million BTU 5.96 6



Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 6.14 6 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.10 44



Technology subindex 5.45 13 Technology subindex 5.45 13Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.98 20Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.01 20Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.56 10inhabitants


5.58 13

Business incubation subindex 6.01 2 Business incubation subindex 6.01 2Bank deposits per capita 7.31 3Venture capital per capita 5.21 10Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.36 6IPO, % of GSP 6.18 4% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.02 9Minimum wage 4.96 8Openness subindex 5.03 18 Openness subindex 5.03 18Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 5.04 9


Environmental policy subindex 4.77 31 Environmental policy subindex 4.77 31Carbon emission per 1000 sq miles 5.71 13 Toxic release inventory, pounds per 1000 sq. miles 4.80 33


BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Vermont

VERMONT Index Overall Rank5.48 18



Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.64 47Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 4.74 32Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.04 43




Travel time to work 5.48 14 Electricity prices per million BTU 4.13 39Median monthly housing costs 4.88 32


6.13 6




6.46 4

Technology subindex 5.99 3 Technology subindex 5.99 3Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.35 11 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000

inhabitants4.07 45

NIH support to institutions per capita 5 80 7NIH support to institutions per capita 5.80 7Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 7.93 1S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 7.43 1Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.60 14Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.71 12

Business incubation subindex 4.68 38 Business incubation subindex 4.68 38Venture capital per capita 5.20 11 Bank deposits per capita 4.59 40Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.19 18 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38


Openness subindex 5.13 16 Openness subindex 5.13 16Exports per capita, dollars 6.32 4 % of population born abroad 4.27 36



BHI


State Index

g

VIRGINIA Index Overall Rank5.80 13


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.49 6 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.49 6Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.51 4 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.60 31Bond rating: composite 6.48 1Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.12 11





High-speed lines per 1000 5.44 16 Median monthly housing costs 4.07 40Air passengers per capita 5.42 11

Human resources subindex 5.15 24 Human resources subindex 5.15 24% of population without health insurance 5.48 20 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.57 33Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.80 11% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.14 20


5.46 16

Technology subindex 5.53 8 Technology subindex 5.53 8Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.42 13 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.30 40

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 7.47 2 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.59 31Employment in high-tech industry as % of total 7.43 1 Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.45 31p y g yemployment

, p ,

Business incubation subindex 5.44 8 Business incubation subindex 5.44 8Bank deposits per capita 4.94 12Venture capital per capita 5.12 13Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.01 9IPO, % of GSP 5.20 12% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.39 2Minimum wage 4.96 8Openness subindex 4.77 30 Openness subindex 4.77 30% of population born abroad 5.32 15 Exports per capita, dollars 4.33 37



BHI


Stat

e In

dex

g

WASHINGTON Index Overall Rank6.15 8



Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.59 14 Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 3.70 46Bond rating: composite 5.57 12Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.55 14

Security subindex 5.56 7 Security subindex 5.56 7Crime index change 2006-2007, % 5.90 11 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.27 36Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.73 16The BGA Integrity Index 6.34 4


% of price)3.11 49

Air passengers per capita 5.25 13 Travel time to work 4.47 37Electricity prices per million BTU 5.88 7 Median monthly housing costs 4.43 37


5.85 13 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.44 32



5.46 16

Technology subindex 5.50 10 Technology subindex 5.50 10NIH support to institutions per capita 6.00 5 Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.61 34Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.91 3 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000

inhabitants4.09 44

inhabitants

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6.23 8 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.40 37Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

6.25 8

Business incubation subindex 4.41 48 Business incubation subindex 4.41 48Venture capital per capita 6.08 4 Bank deposits per capita 4.61 37

IPO, % of GSP 4.48 34% of labor force that is represented by unions 3.48 47Minimum wage 2.85 50




BHI


State Index

g

WEST VIRGINIA Index Overall Rank3.54 48


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.73 38 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.73 38State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.04 20 Bond rating: composite 3.74 46

Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.79 11 Budget deficit, % of GSP 2.67 50Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.76 13


5.37 18




Electricity prices per million BTU 5.98 4 Air passengers per capita 4.06 49Median monthly housing costs 6.46 1 Travel time to work 4.47 37



3.76 43


3.58 44

Technology subindex 4.21 45 Technology subindex 4.21 45Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.48 38NIH support to institutions per capita 4 16 47NIH support to institutions per capita 4.16 47Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.93 48Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

4.57 31

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 3.70 48Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.82 48

Business incubation subindex 4.54 43 Business incubation subindex 4.54 43Venture capital per capita 4.88 19 Bank deposits per capita 4.56 43Minimum wage 4.96 8 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.83 47


Openness subindex 4.46 43 Openness subindex 4.46 43% of population born abroad 3.84 50


BHI


Stat

e In

dex

Wisconsin

WISCONSIN Index Overall Rank5.07 22


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.76 34 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.76 34Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.35 18 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.25 39Average benefit per first payment for unemployed 5.21 20 Bond rating: composite 3.74 46



Security subindex 5.60 6 Security subindex 5.60 6Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.56 18Crime index change 2006-2007, % 5.30 18Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.86 12The BGA Integrity Index 5.67 17Infrastructure subindex 5.03 24 Infrastructure subindex 5.03 24Telephone penetration (combined Fed/state/local taxesas % of price)


Travel time to work 5.53 13 Air passengers per capita 4.42 35Electricity prices per million BTU 5.12 32



5.85 13


5.71 9

Technology subindex 5.01 23 Technology subindex 5.01 23Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.30 13 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.48 33NIH support to institutions per capita 5 10 16 Employment in high-tech industry as % of total 4 30 33NIH support to institutions per capita 5.10 16 Employment in high-tech industry as % of total

employment4.30 33

Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.42 14S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.52 12

Business incubation subindex 4.52 44 Business incubation subindex 4.52 44Bank deposits per capita 4.78 19 Venture capital per capita 4.55 33Minimum wage 4.96 8 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.85 46


Openness subindex 4.71 33 Openness subindex 4.71 33Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.77 31% of population born abroad 4.36 32

Environmental policy subindex 5.52 14 Environmental policy subindex 5.52 14Air Quality Index 5.73 15

BHI


State Index

Wyo g

WYOMING Index Overall Rank6.37 5




1.01 50



Infrastructure subindex 5.75 3 Infrastructure subindex 5.75 3High-speed lines per 1000 6.34 4 Air passengers per capita 4.42 36Travel time to work 6.39 7Electricity prices per million BTU 6.17 1Median monthly housing costs 5.83 11


6.44 1 Rate of nonfederal physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.03 46


% of adults who are in the labor force 6.15 9

Technology subindex 4.19 47 Technology subindex 4.19 47Academic R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.30 42NIH support to institutions per capita 4.17 46Patents, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.06 43S&E degrees awarded per 100 000 inhabitants 4 58 34S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.58 34Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 3.69 49Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

3.67 50

Business incubation subindex 5.95 3 Business incubation subindex 5.95 3Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 8.02 1 Venture capital per capita 4.43 44% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.70 17 IPO, % of GSP 4.43 38Minimum wage 8.38 1





BHI


Stat

e In

dex

About the AuthorsJonathan Haughton is Senior Economist at the Beacon Hill Institute and Assistant Professor of Economics

at Suffolk University. He holds a doctorate in economics from Harvard University and has published

widely in refereed journals on economic development and taxation.

Frank Conte is Director of Communications and Information Systems at the Beacon Hill Institute. He

holds a master’s degree in public policy from the McCormack Graduate School of Policy Studies at the

University of Massachusetts-Boston. He is responsible for all aspects of the institue’s media outreach

including its web presence. He serves as manager for the annual competitiveness project.

Nicholas Cachonasky is a PhD Student in Economics at Suffolk University. He holds a Master in Economics

and Political Science from Escuela Superior de Economia y Administracion de Empresas (ESEADE), Buenos

Aires, Argentina. He compiled, updated and analyzed most of the data for this year’s edition.

Michael Becker is an Economics student at Boston College, Class of 2012. As an intern, he assisted in the

compilation and presentation of this year’s report.

AcknowledgementsBHI would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of staff Paul Bachman, Alfonso Penalver-Sanchez

and Michael Head as well as Ashley Mowatt of the Economics Department. The authors would also like to

thank Suffolk University students, James Nolet, Eliabeth Lipka and Sofia Pinheiro. Summer interns Jacob

Magid, Dorothy Heirsteiner, Alexander Weckenmann and Andrew Dabrowski assisted in data collection

efforts and programming.

About The Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk UniversityThe Beacon Hill Institute (BHI) is an independent, nonpartisan economic research organization located in

the Department of Economics at Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts. Articles and references to

BHI’s work have appeared in leading publications, including the Boston Globe, New York Times, Wall Street

Journal, Los Angeles Times Magazine, The New York Sun, U.S. News & World Report and scholarly

publications such as State Tax Notes and the National Bureau of Economic Research’s Working Papers

Series.

For the last seven years, BHI has been a leader in the development of econometric models for the

analysis of state tax policy changes, interstate economic competitiveness and community economic

impact studies. In addition, BHI has applied its customized economic models to public construction

projects, public school performance and alternative energy. The Institute has also produced state

revenue forecasts, using its own models, and presented them to the Massachusetts Joint Legislative

Committee for Ways and Means for the last four fiscal years.

The Suffolk University Economics Department features 13 full-time faculty members and offers degrees

at the undergraduate and graduate levels including a PhD program. Departmental research strengths

include international trade, economic development, national and international taxation policy,

globalization, and industrial organization.

BHI


State Rankings 2008Listing by Rank

Index Rank I R I R I R I R I R I R I R I R

Massachusetts 7.04 1 4.90 30 5.03 22 4.66 40 6.38 1 7.70 1 5.81 4 5.42 8 4.60 37

North Dakota 6.93 2 5.16 16 5.64 5 5.78 2 5.97 5 5.36 14 5.02 20 4.68 34 6.05 2

Utah 6.65 3 5.40 9 5.32 14 5.21 12 5.56 10 5.45 13 6.01 2 5.03 18 4.77 31

Minnesota 6.58 4 4.87 31 5.80 3 5.27 9 6.23 2 5.70 5 5.04 19 4.80 29 5.60 13

Wyoming 6.37 5 4.60 44 5.24 19 5.75 3 5.44 14 4.19 47 5.95 3 5.41 9 5.79 10

Colorado 6.33 6 5.06 26 5.34 13 5.24 10 5.33 18 5.90 4 5.57 6 4.67 37 5.48 16

Alaska 6.31 7 5.63 3 5.30 17 5.03 25 4.74 33 4.28 42 4.52 45 6.85 1 5.88 7

Washington 6.15 8 5.08 22 5.56 7 4.84 34 5.25 21 5.50 10 4.41 48 6.16 3 5.77 11

Iowa 6.13 9 5.06 25 5.94 2 5.40 8 5.98 4 4.99 25 4.66 40 4.72 32 5.44 17

Idaho 6.12 10 4.96 28 5.54 8 5.73 4 4.82 31 5.28 16 5.12 17 4.67 36 5.84 9

Oregon 6.11 11 5.22 14 5.45 10 5.56 6 4.87 30 5.31 15 4.48 46 5.29 13 5.86 8

South Dakota 5.89 12 5.35 10 4.94 28 5.52 7 5.59 9 4.43 37 5.44 7 4.19 49 5.96 4

Virginia 5.80 13 5.49 6 4.92 30 5.00 27 5.15 24 5.53 8 5.44 8 4.77 30 5.02 25

Kansas 5.72 14 4.81 32 5.44 11 5.12 15 5.50 11 5.04 22 4.96 24 4.91 23 5.89 6

New Hampshire 5.70 15 5.15 17 5.00 25 4.65 43 5.94 6 5.46 11 5.24 12 4.64 38 5.66 12

Nebraska 5.55 16 5.09 21 5.79 4 5.04 23 5.79 7 4.92 29 4.83 30 4.58 41 5.03 24

Montana 5.52 17 4.76 35 5.26 18 5.78 1 5.16 23 4.79 32 4.98 22 4.19 50 6.05 1

Vermont 5.48 18 4.60 43 4.44 44 4.90 33 6.18 3 5.99 3 4.68 38 5.13 16 5.89 5

Nevada 5.35 19 5.71 2 4.83 35 5.71 5 4.14 45 3.86 50 5.32 10 5.27 15 4.71 34

Delaware 5.16 20 5.11 19 4.28 46 4.92 31 5.10 25 5.04 21 6.81 1 5.38 10 2.84 50

Arizona 5.12 21 5.49 5 4.73 38 4.96 28 4.90 29 4.86 31 5.34 9 5.09 17 4.42 44

Wisconsin 5.07 22 4.76 34 5.60 6 5.03 24 5.26 19 5.01 23 4.52 44 4.71 33 5.52 14

Maine 5.05 23 4.59 45 5.31 16 4.74 38 5.46 13 4.99 24 5.15 15 4.44 44 5.96 3

Texas 4.95 24 4.99 27 4.93 29 4.64 44 4.27 42 4.88 30 5.07 18 6.17 2 4.90 28

Florida 4.87 25 5.87 1 4.49 42 4.48 47 4.44 39 4.34 39 5.29 11 5.29 14 5.17 22

Connecticut 4.81 26 4.38 48 5.32 15 4.66 41 5.66 8 5.53 9 4.69 35 5.36 11 4.60 38

Hawaii 4.72 27 4.44 47 6.14 1 4.81 36 5.36 15 4.37 38 4.32 50 5.01 19 5.43 18

Georgia 4.69 28 5.29 11 4.57 39 5.09 18 4.11 46 4.66 35 5.71 5 4.82 26 4.57 39

Rhode Island 4.68 29 4.73 37 5.23 20 4.66 42 5.24 22 5.59 7 4.74 32 4.85 25 4.72 32

North Carolina 4.51 30 5.07 23 4.49 43 5.22 11 4.46 38 5.05 20 5.15 14 4.67 35 4.66 36

Maryland 4.48 31 5.22 15 4.41 45 4.20 49 5.50 12 6.50 2 4.94 25 4.81 27 3.81 46

InfrStrcOverall Enviro Plcy

Subindexes, Rank in 2009

Human

ResourcesTech Biz Incub. Openness

Govt & Fiscal

PolicySecurity

y

California 4.48 32 4.48 46 4.79 36 4.35 48 4.48 36 5.67 6 5.15 16 5.98 4 4.52 40

Michigan 4.47 33 4.93 29 4.95 27 5.11 16 4.54 34 5.18 19 4.39 49 5.01 20 4.91 27

Missouri 4.44 34 5.50 4 4.51 40 4.82 35 5.01 26 4.92 28 4.71 33 4.39 45 4.98 26

New York 4.37 35 4.32 49 5.18 21 3.94 50 5.26 20 5.25 18 4.89 27 5.78 6 5.06 23

Illinois 4.33 36 4.74 36 5.00 24 4.71 39 4.93 28 4.98 26 4.68 36 5.34 12 4.50 42

Indiana 4.26 37 5.47 8 4.89 32 5.10 17 4.76 32 4.55 36 4.61 42 4.91 24 3.68 47

Arkansas 4.23 38 5.13 18 4.91 31 4.94 30 4.27 43 4.03 49 5.24 13 4.34 47 5.41 19

Pennsylvania 4.18 39 4.77 33 4.98 26 4.80 37 5.36 16 5.28 17 4.70 34 4.59 40 4.10 45

New Mexico 4.14 40 5.10 20 3.90 48 5.04 22 4.47 37 5.46 12 4.75 31 4.55 42 5.18 21

Louisiana 4.06 41 4.62 41 4.50 41 5.05 21 3.96 49 4.33 40 4.86 28 5.90 5 4.86 30

New Jersey 4.03 42 4.05 50 5.52 9 4.55 46 5.34 17 4.93 27 5.01 21 5.70 7 3.28 49

Kentucky 3.95 43 4.73 39 5.01 23 5.14 14 4.41 40 4.26 44 4.68 37 4.93 22 4.67 35

Oklahoma 3.91 44 4.61 42 4.78 37 5.06 19 4.53 35 4.27 43 4.96 23 4.29 48 5.51 15

South Carolina 3.86 45 5.28 12 4.22 47 5.02 26 3.98 48 4.21 46 4.86 29 4.97 21 4.88 29

Tennessee 3.76 46 5.49 7 3.86 49 5.06 20 4.19 44 4.28 41 4.90 26 4.81 28 4.50 41

Ohio 3.68 47 4.66 40 4.85 33 5.20 13 4.96 27 4.79 33 4.44 47 4.75 31 3.66 48

West Virginia 3.54 48 4.73 38 5.40 12 4.92 32 4.33 41 4.21 45 4.54 43 4.46 43 4.49 43

Mississippi 3.29 49 5.27 13 4.83 34 4.62 45 3.47 50 4.10 48 4.67 39 4.34 46 5.20 20

Alabama 3.20 50 5.07 24 3.66 50 4.96 29 4.01 47 4.77 34 4.65 41 4.63 39 4.71 33

The Beacon Hill Institute for Public Policy ResearchSuffolk University

8 Ashburton Place

Boston, MA 02108

Phone: 617-573-8750 Fax: 617-720-4272

[email protected]

http://www.beaconhill.org

Ninth Annual Competitiveness Beacon Hill Institute Reporthome value by the end of 2009. Furthermore,...

Documents

Transcript of Ninth Annual Competitiveness Beacon Hill Institute Reporthome value by the end of 2009. Furthermore,...