9/4/2012

1

+

NIMBLE SERVANT

Attentive Listening to music for hospice patients, families and those who care for them

+Presented by Gayle Heuser

9/4/2012

2

+‘THE THERAPEUTIC POWER OF MUSIC…

is widely acknowledged and is widely acknowledged and documented within the field of palliative and bereavement care.”

Hilliard, 2005; O’Kelly & Koffman, 2007

+3 GOALS for this session

1 ATTENTIVE LISTENING USING 1. ATTENTIVE LISTENING USING METAPHOR

2. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

3 BEING PRESENT3. BEING PRESENT

9/4/2012

3

+You are my sunshine…a road opened

+Goal #1: ATTENTIVE LISTENING

“Giving our full attention to a Giving our full attention to a musical piece rather than using music as background ambience for focusing on other activities.”

Copland, Aaron, What to Listen for in Music (New York: MacGraw-Hill, 1957), 18.

9/4/2012

4

+METAPHOR throughParker Palmer’s Third Thing

+YEARNING

9/4/2012

5

+TIPS FOR LISTENING by American Composer Elliott Schwartz

1 Develop Sensitivity1. Develop Sensitivity

2. Sense of duration

3. Recall familiar patterns

4. Vocabulary

5. Concentration

6. Listen objectively

7. Bring knowledge

+“Meditation” from Massenet’s opera Thais

9/4/2012

6

+WHAT DID YOU NOTICE?

What inspired you?What inspired you?

Images or pictures?

Feelings?

S i ? Sensations?

Body responses?

+GOAL #2 ELEMENTS OF MUSIC from American composer Aaron Copland

Rhythm

Melody

HarmonyHarmony

Tone Color (Timbre)

9/4/2012

7

+RHYTHM

POSSIBLE DESCRIPTORSPOSSIBLE DESCRIPTORS

Fast or Slow?

Dance-like or restful?

E d P di bl ? Even and Predictable?

Sudden and jerky?

+MELODY

Emotion?Emotion?

Inner Experience?

Memory?

S D i ?Serene or Dramatic?

9/4/2012

8

+HARMONY

NOTES played together (CHORDS)NOTES played together (CHORDS)

Soothing or Confusing?

Dissonant or Harmonious?

Aaron Copland: What to Listen for in Music, p. 49

+TONE COLOR (Timbre)

Floaty or Heavy?Floaty or Heavy?

Bright or Dark?

Soothing or Dry?

S h S k ?Smooth or Squawky?

9/4/2012

9

+Choosing music

+GOAL #3 HERE AND NOW

DEMENTIA and MEMORY DEMENTIA and MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS

validating the inner world

watching for cueswatching for cues

9/4/2012

10

+Reflection on personal listening…

1 Your progression in listening 1. Your progression in listening

2. Your likes/dislikes, moods, attractions/resistances

3 Music that touches you and 3. Music that touches you and makes you aware of your own soul’s longing

+In conclusion,

Music is a nimble servant for Music is a nimble servant for listening with others,

here and now

Rev. Gayle Heuser, MA, MM gheuser@silveradohospice.com

Selected References for Listening “Nimble Servant: Attentive Listening To Music For Hospice Patients, Families

And Those Who Care For Them” Suggestions for “non-crisis” times

• Asturiana - Songs from Spain and Argentina, (Kim Kashkashian, viola, Robert Levin, piano).

• “Meditation” from the opera Thaïs by Jules Massenet. • Delay by Julia Kent, cello. • Ikon: The Sixteen, conducted by Harry Christophers, (compilation of sacred

choral music). • Takk by Sigur Ros (a CD with interesting textures and tone colors). • The Mission by Ennio Morricone, Yo-Yo Ma, cello, (“On Earth as it is in

Heaven”). • Kinderszenen by Robert Schumann, Claudio Arrau, piano. • “Scherzino Mexicano” by Manuel M. Ponce, John Williams, guitar. • Peer Gynt Suite by Edvard Grieg (“Solveig’s Song”). • Schindler’s List by John Williams, (Itzhak Perlman, violin). • “On Green Dolphin Street” by Bronislav Kaper, (Herbie Hancock, piano). • Te Deum and Other Church Music, The Cambridge Singers, John Rutter,

conductor, (especially “Be thou my vision”). • Requiem, Gabriel Fauré, (“Pie Jesu”). • Visions, Libera Boys Choir. • Appalachia Waltz, Yo-Yo Ma, Edgar Meyer and Mark O’Connor. • Ancient Airs and Dances, The Pines of Rome by Ottorino Respighi, (Los Angeles

Chamber Orchestra, Neville Marriner, conductor). • Songs from a Secret Garden, Rolf Loveland and Fionnula Sherry. • Sancta Civitas by Ralph Vaughan Williams. • A German Requiem by Johannes Brahms. • Requiem in D Minor by W.A. Mozart. • Chopin Piano Music, (Vladimir Horowitz, piano).

Suggestions for palliative care • Requiem, Be Thou My Vision, and Gloria by John Rutter. • Spanish Songs and Dances by Federico Mompou, (Alicia De Larrocha, piano). • Appalachian Journey by Yo-Yo Ma, Edgar Meyer and Mark O’Connor

(especially “Butterfly’s Day Out”). • The Music of Claude Debussy, Nancy Allen, harp, (“Reverie” and “Arabesque

No. 1”). • “Grover’s Corners” by Aaron Copland, (St. Louis Symphony, conducted by

Leonard Slatkin). • If You Love Me: 18th Century Songs (Cecilia Bartoli, mezzo-soprano). • A Bach Celebration, Christopher Parkening, guitar, (“Arioso” and “Sheep may

safely graze”).

Rev. Gayle Heuser, MA, MM gheuser@silveradohospice.com

• Pachelbel Canon and Albinoni Adagios, Baroque Chamber Orchestra. • Debussy Piano Music, Francois-Joel Thiollier, piano. • Gregorian Chant from Spain: Monks of Santo Domingo. • Caverna Magica, Air, Book of Roses by Andreas Vollenweider. • Naxos: Reflection and Meditation Series (Series Title). • How Slow The Wind by Takemitsu. • The Most Relaxing (Flute, Harp) Album in the World...Ever! (Series Title). • CBS Masterworks Dinner Classics Series, and the French Album, Italian Album. • Growth House: CD’s for Bedside Series (growthhouse.org).

Suggestions for patients suffering with dementia or memory impairment • 1920’s: Swanee (Jolson), Ain’t Misbehavin’ (Waller/Armstrong), Ol’Man

River (Robeson/Jolson), My Blue Heaven (Austin/ Whiteman), Bye Bye Blackbird (Austin/ Lucas), California, Here I Come (Jolson), Star Dust (Carmichael), Yes! We Have No Bananas (Jones/ Selvin), Yes Sir, That’s My Baby (Austin), I’m Looking Over a Four Leaf Clover (Lucas/Bernie), Louise (Chevalier), Let’s Do It, Let’s Fall in Love (Dorsey Brothers Orchestra).

• 1930’s: Over the Rainbow (Garland/Miller), Moonlight Serenade (Miller), Mood Indigo (Ellington), Tea for Two (Tatum), Heart and Soul (Clinton), Back in the Saddle Again (Autry), My Prayer (Ink Spots, Miller), Caravan (Ellington), Summertime (Holiday/Bechet), I’ve Got a Pocketful of Dreams (Crosby/Martin), Little Brown Jug (Miller), You Must Have Been A Beautiful Baby (Crosby), Beer Barrel Polka (Glahe), Tiger Rag (Mills Brothers).

• 1940’s: White Christmas (Crosby), Stardust (Shaw) Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy (Andrews Sisters), Paper Doll (Mills Brothers), Sentimental Journey (Brown), Don’t Fence Me In (Crosby), Nature Boy (Cole), Stormy Weather (Horne), Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree (Miller), Peg O’ My Heart (Harmonicats), As Time Goes By (Wilson), Tangerine (Dorsey), Imagination (Miller), When You Wish Upon a Star (Edwards), As Time Goes By (Wilson).

• 1950’s: Mona Lisa (Cole), Tennessee Waltz (Page), Hey Good Lookin’ (Williams), Rock Around the Clock (Haley and His Comets), Earth Angel (Penguins), Sh-Boom (Chords), I’ve Got a Woman (Charles), Tutti-Frutti (Little Richard), Hound Dog (Presley), Don’t Be Cruel (Presley), I Walk the Line (Cash), Blueberry Hill (Domino), Peggy Sue (Holly), That’s Be the Day (Crickets), Bye Bye Love (Everly Brothers), Mack the Knife (Darin).

• 1960’s: Georgia On My Mind (Charles), Chain Gang (Cooke), Save the Last Dance For Me (Drifters), The Twist (Checker), Stand By Me (King), Up On the Roof (Drifters), Twist and Shout (Isley Brothers), Louie Louie (Kingsmen), She Loves you (Beatles), I Want to Hold Your Hand (Beatles), Surfin’ USA (Beach Boys), Blowin’ In The Wind (Dylan), My Girl (Temptations), Oh, Pretty Woman (Orbison), The Sounds of Silence (Simon/Garfunkel), In the Midnight Hour (Pickett), Good Vibrations (Beach Boys), Respect (Franklin).

Rev. Gayle Heuser, MA, MM gheuser@silveradohospice.com

• Film Musicals: Singin’ in the Rain, Wizard of Oz, The Sound of Music, The Music Man, West Side Story, My Fair Lady, Meet Me in St. Louis, The King and I, An American in Paris, Oklahoma! South Pacific, Mary Poppins, Top Hat, Show Boat, Porgy and Bess, Gigi, Guys and Dolls, Carousel, Mame, Brigadoon, Fiddler on the Roof, Kiss Me Kate, Camelot, Rose Marie, Can-Can.

• Themes from Classic TV and Radio Shows: Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet, Bonanza, Dragnet, Father Knows Best, Gunsmoke, Green Acres, I Love Lucy, Andy Griffith Show, Beverly Hillbillies, Bewitched, Honeymooners, Leave It To Beaver, Evening with George Burns, Arthur Godfrey and His Talent Scouts, Death Valley Days, Hopalong Cassidy, Buck Rogers, Ellery Queen, Shadow.

• Lullabyes and Simple Songs: Frere Jacques, Lavender’s Blue, Hush Little Baby, Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, London Bridges, My Bonny Lies Over the Ocean, You Are My Sunshine, Danny Boy, Old MacDonald, Yankee Doodle.

Suggestions for times of transitioning or final hours • Rosa Mystica, Peace of Mind, and In Dulci Jubilo by Therese Schroeder-Sheker. • Songs of Healing/Hospice of the Chesapeake by Rob Levitt. • The Healing Spirit by Diane Arkenstone. • Jesus, Hold Me Close by Philip Kristianson. • Gentle Spirit by Bernward Koch. • Time Stands Still by Mike Howe. • Awaken the Dawn by Stanton Lanier. • In An Autumn Garden and Orchestral Works by Takemitsu.

Rev. Gayle Heuser, MA, MM gheuser@silveradohospice.com

Selected References for Further Reading “Nimble Servant: Attentive Listening To Music For Hospice Patients, Families

And Those Who Care For Them”

Ainsworth, M. (2002). Be still, and know that I am God: Concert halls rediscover the sacred. Retrieved August 27, 2012 from http://www.metanoia.org/martha/writing/bestill.htm

Aldridge, D. (2003). Music therapy references relating to cancer and palliative care. British Journal of Music Therapy, 17(1), 17-25.

Aldridge, D. (Ed.). (1998). Music therapy in palliative care: New voices. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Bonny, H.L. (2002) Music and consciousness: The evolution of guided imagery and music. Gilsum, NH: Barcelona Publishers.

Bonny, H.L. (1990) Music and your mind: Listening with a new consciousness. Port Townsend, Washington: ICM Press.

Bunt, L. & Hoskyns, S. (Ed). (2002) The handbook of music therapy. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge. Bradshaw, D.H., Brown, C.J., Cepeda, M.S. & Pace, N.L. (2011). Music for pain relief (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online), Issue 9. Art. No.: CD009284. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009284

Bradt, J., Dileo, C., Grocke, D. & Magill, L. (2011). Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online) ISSN: 1469-493X, 2011 Aug 10; (8); Cochrane AN: CD006911; PMID: 21833957.

Cadrin, M.L. (2005-2006). Dying well: The Bonny Method of guided imagery and music at end of life. Journal of the Association of Music & Imagery, 10, 1-25.

Clair, A.A. & Ebberts, A.G. (1997). The effects of music therapy on interactions between family caregivers and their care receivers with late stage dementia. Journal of Music Therapy, 34(3), 148-164.

Clark, M., Isaacks-Downton, G., Wells, N., Redlin-Frazier, S., Eck, C., Hepworth, J. T., et al. (2006). Use of preferred music to reduce emotional distress and symptom activity during radiation therapy. Journal of Music Therapy, 43(3), 247-265.

Clements-Cortés, A. (2004). The use of music in facilitating emotional expression in the terminally ill. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 21(4), 255-260.

Rev. Gayle Heuser, MA, MM gheuser@silveradohospice.com

Cogan, R. & Escot, P. (1976) Sonic design. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Cooke, J. (1981). The therapeutic use of music: a literature review. Nursing Forum, 20(3), 253- 265. Cone, J. H. (1972) The Spirituals and the blues. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Copland, A. (1957) What to Listen for in music. New York: MacGraw-Hill, 1957.

Curtis, S. (1986). The effect of music on pain relief and relaxation of the terminally ill. Journal of Music Therapy, 23(1), 10-24.

Dileo, C., & Loewy, J. (Eds.). (2005). Music therapy at the end of life. Cherry Hill, NJ: Jeffrey Books. Free, D.C. (2012). Music has charms. Journal of Palliative Medicine. April, 15(4): 492- 493. doi:10.1089/jpm.2011.0436. Forinash, M. (1991). Research in music therapy with the terminally ill: a phenomenological approach. In J. Martin (Ed.), The Next Step Forward: Music Therapy with the Terminally Ill, 73-77. Bronx, N.Y.: Calvary Hospital. Gallagher, L.M. (2011). The role of music therapy in palliative medicine and supportive care. Seminars in Oncology, 38(3), 403-406.

Glennie, E. (February 2003). How to truly listen. Retrieved August 26, 2012 from http://www.ted.com/talks/evelyn_glennie_shows_how_to_listen.html

Hartley, N., & Payne, M. (2008). The creative arts in palliative care. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Hilliard, R.E. (2003). The effects of music therapy on the quality and length of life of people diagnosed with terminal cancer. Journal of Music Therapy, 40, 113- 137.

Jourdain, R. (2002). Music, the brain and ecstasy: How music captures our imagination. New York, NY: Quill. Krout, R.E. (2003). Music therapy with imminently dying hospice patients and their families: Facilitating release near the time of death. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, 20(2), 129-134. Lane, D. (1994). Music as medicine. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House.

Rev. Gayle Heuser, MA, MM gheuser@silveradohospice.com

Lane, D. (1993, Jan/Feb). Music therapy: gaining an edge in oncology management. Journal of Oncology management, 42-46. 2 Lee E.H. & Choi S.E. (2012) The effects of music therapy by self-selected music listening on terminal cancer patients' affect and stress by pain level. Korean Journal of Hospital Palliative Care. Jun 15(2):77-87.

Levitin, D. J., (2008) The world in six songs: How the musical brain created human nature. New York, New York: Dutton Press. Lochner, C.W. & Stevenson, R. G. (1988) Music as a bridge to wholeness. Death Studies, 12, 173-180. Martin, J. (1991). Music therapy in palliative care. In J. Martin (Ed.). The Next Step Forward: Music Therapy with the terminally Ill, 3-8. Bronx, N.Y.: Calvary Hospital. Martin, J. (Ed.), The Next Step Forward: Music Therapy with the Terminally Ill, 60- 72. Bronx, NY: Calvary Hospital. McClellan, R. (1991). The Healing Forces of Music: History, Theory & Practice. Rockport, MA: Element. Metzler, R. & Berman, T. (1991). The effects of sedative music on the anxiety of bronchoscopy patients. In C. Maranto (Ed.), Applications of Music in Medicine, 163-178. Washington, D.C., The National Association for Music Therapy. Meyer, L. B. (1956). Emotion and meaning in music. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Oakes S. (2003). Musical tempo and waiting perceptions. Psychology and Marketing. 20.8, 685-705.

Otto, R. (1950). The Idea of the holy. Translated by John. H. Harvey. London: Oxford University Press.

Popova, M. (2012). How to listen to Music: A vintage guide to the 7 essential skills. Retreived August 31, 2012 from www.brainpickings.org.

Pereira, C.S., Teixeira, J., Figueiredo, P., Xavier, J., Castro, S.L, & Brattico, E. (2011). Music and emotions in the brain: Familiarity matters. PLoS One, 6(11), e27241 1-9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027241

Porchet-Munro, S. (1988). Music therapy in support of cancer patients. Recent Results in Cancer Research, 108, 289-294. Richards, T. and Tomandl, S (2006). An alzheimer’s surprise party: New sentient

Rev. Gayle Heuser, MA, MM gheuser@silveradohospice.com

communication skills and insights for understanding and relating to people with dementia. Glenview, IL: Interactive Media. Ritchie, R. (1995). The effects of live harp music vs. tape-recorded harp music on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of adult patients in hospice care. Unpublished research study, Augsburg College, Minneapolis, MN. Sacks, Oliver. Musicophila: Tales of music and the brain. New York: Random House, 2008.

Schwartz, Elliot. Music: Ways of listening. New York, NY: CBS College Publishing, 1982. Schroeder-Sheker, T. (!993, Winter). Music for the dying; a personal account of the new field of music thanatology - history, theories, and clinical narratives. Advances: The Journal of Mind-Body-Health, 74, 29-33. Solomon, M. (1988). Beethoven essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Spintge, R. (1991). The neurophysiology of emotion and its therapeutic application to music therapy and music medicine. In C. Maranto (Ed.) Applications of Music in Medicine, 59-72. Washington, D.C., The National Association for Music Therapy. Spintge, R. & Droh, R. (Eds.) (1989). Music Medicine. St. Louis, MO. MMB Music, Inc. Standley, J. (1993). Music research in medical/dental treatment: meta-analysis and clinical applications. Journal of Music Therapy. In C. Furman (Ed.) Effectiveness of Music Therapy Procedures: Documentation of Research and Clinical Practice, 9-61. Silver Springs, MD: National Association for music Therapy, Inc. Storr, A. (1992). Music and the mind. New York, NY: MacMillan. Viladesau, R. (2000.) Theology and the arts: Encountering God through music, art and rhetoric. Mahwah, New York, NY: Paulist Press.

Weldin, C. & Eagle, C. (1991) A historical overview of music and medicine. In C. Maranto (Ed.), Applications of Music in Medicine. Washington, D.C. The National Association for Music Therapy, Inc.

West, T. (1994). Psychological issues in hospice music therapy. Music Therapy perspectives, 12(2), 117-124. Whittall, J. (1989). The impact of music therapy in palliative care: A quantitative

Rev. Gayle Heuser, MA, MM gheuser@silveradohospice.com

study. In J.A. Martin (Ed.), The next step forward: Music therapy with the terminally ill (pp. 69-72). New York: Calvary Hospital.

Williams, S. (1994, March). Harp therapy: a psychoacoustic approach to treating pain and stress. The American Harp Journal, 6-10. Wright, C. (2011). Listening to Music, 6th ed. Stamford: Schirmer Cengage Learning. Wylie, M.E. & Blom, R.C. (1986). Guided imagery and music with hospice patients. Music Therapy Perspectives, 3, 25-28. Zimmermann, L.; Pozehl, B.; Duncan, K. & Schmitz, R. (1989). Effects of music in patients with chronic cancer pain. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 11(3), 298-309.