MANIFESTO 2011 By Tian Zhenyu, Ong Beng Hwee, Lucas Jiang, Sun Bangjie Class 4O3.
NIM ELECTRONICS - Physicsphysicsweb.phy.uic.edu/482/Lecture2.pdfNIM ELECTRONICS Zhenyu Ye January...
Transcript of NIM ELECTRONICS - Physicsphysicsweb.phy.uic.edu/482/Lecture2.pdfNIM ELECTRONICS Zhenyu Ye January...
NIM ELECTRONICS
Zhenyu Ye January 23, 2015
Friday, January 23, 2015 1
References
• Ch11-14 of “Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments” by Leo: • Pulse Signals in Nuclear Electronics • The NIM Standard • Signal Transmission • Electronics for Pulse Signal Processing
Friday, January 23, 2015 2
Introduction • Particle detectors (as we shall see in Week 4+) provides
information on detected particles in the form of electrical signals. These signals need to be further processed by an electronics system to extract the information.
• Electronics for nuclear and particle physics experiments has been largely standardized into modular forms, i.e., circuits for basic signal processing functions have been build into separate modules of standard mechanical and electrical specifications.
• These modules, which are available commercially, can be interconnected as desired to process electrical signals of various detectors. A detailed knowledge of electronics at the level of circuit design is not necessary. What is needed is a understanding of the basic functions and logic of the modules.
Friday, January 23, 2015 3
Pulse Signal Terminology • Information about detected particles may be contained in
characteristics of electric signals from detectors (usually electrical current or voltage pulses), such as, pulse polarity, amplitude, shape, occurrence in time relative to another pulse, or simply its presence.
Friday, January 23, 2015 4
Analog and Digital Signals • Analog: continuous signals
• RC, amplifier, videotape…
• Digital: discrete signals (usually only two states, 0 vs 1) • Logic gate, discriminator, …
• A/D and D/A conversions • Cell phone, camera, computer, …
Friday, January 23, 2015 5
Voltage level is LOW when switch is closed. Voltage level is HIGH when switch is open.
Nuclear Instrument Module Standard • Slow signals >100ns rise time
• Fast signals ~1ns rise time/width
Friday, January 23, 2015 6
NIM Standard - Mechanical Modules: • minimum 1.35 inch width, 8.75 inch height • single, double, triple width units
Power Bins: • accept up to 12 single width modules, • allowing mounting in a 19-inch rack • Provide +/-6V, +/-12V, +/-24V DC voltages
Friday, January 23, 2015 7
TTL and ECL Signals
Friday, January 23, 2015 8
TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic ECL: Emitter-coupled Logic
Co-axial Cables
Friday, January 23, 2015 9
Ideal Lossless Co-axial Cables
Friday, January 23, 2015 10
5 ns/m delay for typical 50 Ohms cables
Reflections in Co-axial Cables
Friday, January 23, 2015 11
Discriminators
Friday, January 23, 2015 12
Coincidence Units
Friday, January 23, 2015 13
Logic Units
Friday, January 23, 2015 14
Gate and Delay Generators
Friday, January 23, 2015 15
Analog-to-Digital Converters
Friday, January 23, 2015 16
Digit-to-Analog Converters
Friday, January 23, 2015 17
Time-to-Digit Converters
Friday, January 23, 2015 18
Single Channel Analyzers
Friday, January 23, 2015 19
Multi-Channel Analyzers
Friday, January 23, 2015 20