Nikita Nekrasov Strings’2010 - member.ipmu.jp · The uses of backgrounds Strings’2010 A&M...
Transcript of Nikita Nekrasov Strings’2010 - member.ipmu.jp · The uses of backgrounds Strings’2010 A&M...
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The uses of backgrounds
Strings’2010A&M College Station
Texas
Nikita Nekrasov
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SimonsCenterfor Geometryand Physics
Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques
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Basedon
recent work
NN, S.ShatashviliarXiv:0901.4744,arXiv:0901.4748,arXiv:0908.4052,
NN, E.WittenarXiv:1002.0888
earlier work
G.Moore, NN, S.Shatashvili (‘97, ‘98)A.Losev, NN, S.Shatashvili (‘97, ‘99)
NN (‘02, ‘05,‘08)NN, A.Okounkov (‘03)
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BershadskyCecottiOoguriVafa
SeibergWitten
CecottiVafa
Seiberg
NovikovVainsteinShifmanZakharov
Vafa
Givental
Witten
Kontsevich
VafaWitten
Losev
Fock, Rosly
Gorsky, NN
Nakajima
AntoniadisGavaNarainTaylor
NakajimaYoshioka
DijkgraafVerlindeVerlinde
Gerasimov
Shatashvili
MinahanPolychronakos
FaddeevTakhtajan
Korepin
KirillovReshetikhin
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BershadskyCecottiOoguriVafa
SeibergWitten
CecottiVafa
Harvey Moore Strominger
StromingerVafa
Seiberg
NovikovVainsteinShifmanZakharov Mikhailov
NN
Sethi
Vafa
SethiStern
GiventalWitten KontsevichVafa
Witten
LosevNNMooreShatashvili
MooreWitten
EguchiYang
KapustinOrlov
KapustinSethi
BershadskyJohanssenSadovVafa
MartinecWarner
Fock, Rosly
Gorsky,NN, Roubtsov
Gorsky,Krichever,Marshakov,Morozov,Mironov
Donagi,Witten
Nakajima
Hanany, Oz
Klemm, LercheMayr,Warner, Vafa
DoreyHollowoodKhozeMattisOoguri
Vafa
GottscheZagier
GorodentsevLeenson
CordesMooreRangoolam
CerecoleFerrara
LawrenceNN
KlemmLercheTheisenYankielovich
D’Hoker Krichever, Phong
NN
Schwarz
HoriEguchi
GreenGutperle
Fock, Gorsky, NN, RoubtsovGerasimov
Shatashvili
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BershadskyCecottiOoguriVafa
SeibergWitten
AldayGaiottoTachikawa
CecottiVafa
DijkgraafVafa
Harvey Moore Strominger
StromingerVafa
Seiberg
VainsteinShifmanYung
Pestun
Denef
Vafa
BaulieuLosevNN
GerasimovShatashvili
Givental
NNOkounkov
Witten KontsevichSoibelman
VafaWitten
BeilinsonDrinfeld
LosevNNMarshakov
NNShadchin
KapustinOrlov
KapustinWittenGaiotto
NeitzkeMoore
GukovWitten
OkounkovReshetikhinVafa
Gaiotto
FockGoncharov
Fock, Rosly
Gorsky,NN, Roubtsov
MooreNNShatashvili
Donagi,Witten
Kac, Smilga
Nakajima
Maulik, NNOkounkovPandharipande
Aganagic, Klemm, Marino, Vafa
Iqbal, NN, Okounkov, VafaNN
Ooguri Vafa
Braverman
GottscheNakajimaYoshioka
GorodentsevLeenson
EllingsrudStromme
AntoniadisHoheneggerNarainTaylor
NakajimaYoshioka
NN, OkounkovCarlsson
GerasimovShatashvili
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BershadskyCecottiOoguriVafa
SeibergWitten
AldayGaiottoTachikawa
CecottiVafa
DijkgraafVafa
Harvey Moore Strominger
StromingerVafa
Seiberg
NovikovVainsteinShifmanZakharov
Pestun
Denef
Vafa
BaulieuLosevNN
GerasimovShatashvili
Givental
NNOkounkov
Witten KontsevichSoibelman
VafaWitten
BeilinsonDrinfeld
LosevNNMarshakov
NNShadchin
KapustinOrlov
KapustinWitten
BershadskyJohanssenSadovVafa
GukovWitten
OkounkovReshetikhinVafa
Gaiotto
FockGoncharov
Fock, Rosly
Gorsky,NN, Roubtsov
Gorsky,Krichever,Marshakov,Morozov,Mironov
Gorsky, NN
Nakajima
Maulik, NNOkounkovPandharipande
Aganagic, Klemm, Marino, Vafa
Iqbal, Hollowood, Vafa
Connes
BravermanGottscheNakajimaYoshioka
GorodentsevLeenson
EllingsrudStromme
AntoniadisHoheneggerNarainTaylor
NakajimaYoshioka
OkounkovCarlssonBershadsky
CecottiOoguriVafa
SeibergWitten
CecottiVafa
Seiberg
Faddeev
Vafa
Givental
Witten
Kontsevich
VafaWitten
Losev
Fock, RoslyNakajima
AntoniadisGavaNarainTaylor
NakajimaYoshioka
DijkgraafVerlindeVerlinde
Gerasimov
Shatashvili
MinahanPolychronakos
BershadskyCecottiOoguriVafa
SeibergWitten
CecottiVafa
Harvey Moore Strominger
BeckerBeckerStrominger
Seiberg
NovikovVainsteinShifmanZakharov
MikhailovNN
Sethi
Vafa
BaulieuLosevNN
GerasimovShatashvili
GiventalWitten KontsevichVafa
Witten
LosevNNMooreShatashvili
MooreWitten
EguchiYang
KapustinOrlov
KapustinSethi
ReshetikhinSemenov
MartinecWarner
Fock, Gorsky, NN, Roubtsov
Fock, Rosly
Gorsky,NN, Roubtsov
Gorsky,Krichever,Marshakov,Morozov,Mironov
Donagi,Witten
Nakajima
Hanany, Oz
Klemm, LercheMayr,Warner, Vafa
DoreyHollowoodKhozeMattis
Ooguri Vafa
GottscheZagier
GorodentsevLeenson
CordesMooreRangoolam
CerecoleFerrara
AlekseevShatashvili
KlemmLercheTheisenYankielovich
D’Hoker Krichever, Phong
NN
Schwarz
HoriEguchi
CherkisKapustin
GukovGorskyMironov
Lipatov
Douglas, Moore
ConnesDouglasSchwarz
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The Omega-backgroundsare the particular
(super)gravitybackgrounds
Generalization of a warped compactification
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Omega-backgroundcan be introduced when
the spacetime has isometries
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Omega-backgroundcan be introduced when
the QFT has global symmetries
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Supersymmetric Theory
With non-anomalous R-symmetrycan be subject to
the Omega-backgroundwhile preservingsome fraction ofsupersymmetry.
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Supersymmetric Theory
The explicit construction
Start with N=2 supersymmetric theory(in two dimensions or in four dimensions)
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Supersymmetric Theory
The explicit construction
Lift it to N=1 supersymmetric theoryin two dimensions up
i.e. four or six dimensions
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Supersymmetric Theory
The explicit construction
For example, promote the gauge group Gto the group
L2G = Maps (T2, G) X T2
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Supersymmetric Theory
The explicit constructionNow compactify on
T2 = S1 (r1) x S1 ( r2)with the twisted boundary conditions on T2
rotating the space-time (e.g. R2d) by the angles
i =1, … , d
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The twisted boundary conditions on TT22
Rotate the space-time R2d
as you go aroundthe A and B cycle on TT22
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Omega-background
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Now eliminate TT22
keeping the twisted boundary conditions: send r1, r2 0
and keep
finite
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The result: a MASSIVE DEFORMATION
of the original theory
The complex parameters:
have dimension of mass
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is broken
Indeed, the translational invariancein R2d is broken so the original
Super-Poincare algebra must be broken
The supersymmetry
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The supersymmetry need not be completely broken!
Indeed, the original N=2 theoryhas anR-symmetry,so the susy generating spinorstransform both under the spacetime rotationsand the R-symmetry
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The supersymmetryis not completely broken.
once we supplement the geometric twist with anR-symmetry Wilson loop,
proportional to
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The supersymmetry of theOmega-background
Depends on the epsilon-‐parameters.If all of them are non-zero then
the resulting susy algebra isgenerated by two supercharges,closes on the spacetime rotation(similar to the AdS superalgebra)
{ Q, Q* } = times (x2i,x2i+1) - rotation
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The supersymmetry of theOmega-background
If some of are zero
then the resulting susy algebra is larger: N=2 super-Poincare in
lower spacetime dimensions, where
with the central extension given bythe rotation in the directions where
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The ground states in theOmega-background
Start with N=2 gauge theoryin four dimensions,
and turn on the Omega-deformationin two dimensions
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The ground states in theOmega-background
Start with N=2 gauge theoryin four dimensions,
and turn on the Omega-deformationin two dimensions
The unbroken supersymmetry is that of a
two dimensional N=2 theory.
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The ground states in theOmega-backgroundN=2 gauge theory in four dimensions,
the Omega-deformation in two dimensions.The unbroken supersymmetry is that of a
two dimensional N=2 theory.
On the general grounds the susy vacua of such theoryare given by the eigenstates of a
quantum integrable system.
The quantum Hamiltonians are the generators of the (twisted) chiral ring
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The ground states in theOmega-background
The susy vacua of such theory are given by the eigenstates of a
quantum integrable system.The quantum Hamiltonians are the generators of
the (twisted) chiral ring
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Quantization ofSeiberg-Witten
integrable system
It is remarkable that the susy vacua of our theory arethe eigenstates of
the quantum integrable systemwhich is
The quantum version of the integrable systemgoverning the special geometry of
the moduli space of vacua of the four dimensional theory.The role of the Planck constant is played by
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Pure N=2 SYM in 4d:periodic Toda chain
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Pure N=2 SYM in 4d:periodic Toda chain:Type A and Type Bspectral problems
Type A: L2 - normalizable function with xi noncompact
Type B: periodic wavefunctions with the period
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The N=2* SYM in 4d:elliptic Calogero-Moser system
Type A and Type Bspectral problems
The A or B cycle periodicity of the wavefunctions
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The choice between theType A or Type Bspectral problems
The supersymmetric boundary conditions at infinityin gauge theory
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The general asymptoticallyconformal N=2 theory
The ADE (0,2) six dimensional theory compactified on aRiemann surface C.
We now have a field theory construction for A1 and A2
The dual quantum integrable system:
The quantum Hitchin system on C
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Quantum Hitchin system
is not unique
There are many Type A or Type B models,distinguished by a choice of a real slice
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Supersymmetric ground statesof the (0,2) theorycompactified on aRiemann surface Cand subject to the
Omega-background in R2
Depend on the choice of boundary conditions.There exist roughly
the electric-type and the magnetic-typeboundary conditions for each gauge group factors,
with some consistency requirements.
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The Lagrangian
The effect of the Omega-deformation onthe N=2 theory Lagrangian is simple:
Shift the complex adjoint Higgs field
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The LagrangianThus the complex adjoint Higgs field
becomes a differential operator
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The « new Higgs scalar »
Where, e.g. for rotational symmetry:
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The transformation
is not a field redefinition,so the theory
IS
deformed
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The Omega-deformationcan be undone
by a field redefinition, so that the theory IS NOT
deformed
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The Omega-deformationcan be undone
by a field redefinition, so that the theory IS NOT
deformed, when the
isometries involved inthe Omega-deformation
act freely,without fixed points
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The Omega-deformationcan be (sometimes) undone
The isometries without fixed points
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The torus compactification
Omega deformation parameters
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The field redefinition
i=1, … , d
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The Lagrangian inthe SO(d+2)-covariant
form
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The SO(d+2) rotation
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The SO(d+2) rotation
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The effective Td geometry
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The new Lagrangian
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The new Lagrangianequals
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The new Lagrangianequals
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Using this rotation one canmap the gauge theory in the
Omega-backgroundTo the configuration of D-branesof the (A,B,A)- or (B,A,A)-type
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To the arrangement of D-branesof the (A,B,A)- or (B,A,A)-type
inthe two dimensional sigma model with
the hyperkahler target space
MHthe Higgs branch of
the three dimensional gauge theoryaka the Hitchin moduli space
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Other uses ofOmega-backgrounds
The space of supersymmetric ground statesof the (asymptotically) conformal four dimensional N=2 theory
subject to the generic Omega-background on S3
is identified withthe space of conformal blocks of Liouville
(and ADE Toda) with
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Other uses ofOmega-backgrounds
When
The instanton partition functionis identified with the partition function of
a topological string on a local Calabi-YauWith being the topological string coupling constant
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Other uses ofOmega-backgrounds
In the context ofthe quantum integrable systems
the localization with respect tothe supercharge preserved by the
Omega-deformationleads to the explicit formulae for the
Yang function of the quantum system(determines the spectrum)
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Other uses ofOmega-backgrounds
More generally, the correlation functions ofobservables invariant under the supersymmetry of
the Omega-deformed theory(local observables, susy Wilson loops)
can be effectively computed, using localization and related to the
correlation functions in sometwo dimensional (conformal) field theories.
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Other uses ofOmega-backgrounds
In particular, the verySeiberg-Witten geometrycan be derived in a
mathematically satisfactory fashionusing this analysis.
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Other uses ofOmega-backgroundsSeiberg-Witten geometry
can be derived
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Other uses ofOmega-backgrounds
Computations of the« bulk contribution to the index »
of the quantum mechanics of D0-branes
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Other uses ofOmega-backgrounds
The six-dimensional Omega-backgroundslead to the notion of
K-theoretic equivariant vertex(generalized melting crystal model)
and could be used to test the M-theorypredictions
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TheK-theoretic equivariant vertex
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The M-theory Omega-deformation
An SU(5) twist
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The M-theory Omega-deformation
A route to E10 symmetry?
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Organizers: N.Nekrasov, L.Takhtajan