Nightvision Security

8/11/2019 Nightvision Security

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Honeywell

Night Vision Security

The Night Hawk Advantage


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2HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL File Number

Most crimes happen at night the challenge to the security professional is to

ensure the video footage is effective on a 24/7 basis, 365 days a year. Night Vision

is fundamental to achieving this.

Wikipedia describes Night Vision as:

The ability to see in a dark environment. Whether by biological or technological

means, night vision is made possible by a combination of two approaches:

sufficient spectral range, and sufficient intensity range. Humans have poor night

vision compared to many animals. Animals can see well into the infrared and/or

ultraviolet compared to humans.

This brings us to:

To address the challenges most experienced by most low lux cameras today we

adopted the Johnson Criteria to describe night vision performance. The criteria

provides end users a standard framework for evaluating night vision performance.

What is Night Vision Security?

The myth of the low lux camera


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Detection, Classification, Recognition and Identification

Detection:A human-sized object is simply determined to be present

Classification:An object is determined to be human as opposed to an animalor other object.

Recognition:A human-sized object is determined to be a threat or non-threatbased on the type of clothing worn, equipment carried, etc.

Identification:A human-sized object can be positively determined to be aspecific individual.

Security professionals can easily achieve outstanding night vision if they understandinfrared illumination. To solve the problem, night-time performance parameters mustbe clearly defined up front: What is the camera trying to detect? Below are foursimple classifications (DCRI) which can help define customer expectations:

Standard framework for evaluating night vision performance


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Introduction to CCTV lighting - What is light?

Light is fundamental to any CCTV camera sold today. Without light no images are

possible, as it is light reflected from the world around you that makes the world

visibleboth to the human eye and to the CCTV camera.

Light determines whether a subject can be viewed at all, at what distances. The

quality and direction of the light controls the appearance of the subject.

Light is energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The wavelength of light (also

known as frequency) governs the color and type of light. Only a very narrow range of

wavelengths from approximately 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red) is visible to the

human eye. However, CCTV cameras can detect light outside the range of the

human eye allowing them to be used not only with white light but also with infrared

(730-110 nm) for night-time surveillance.


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Difference between white and infrared light?

White light: various light sources from 400-700 nm Use cases:

- Illuminate an area for the CCTV system- Improve the overall level of illumination for key personnel

- Provide a welcoming environment for authorized personnel- Deter crime by illuminating a secure area on intrusion- Can be used with monochrome, color and day/night cameras

Infrared- 715-730 nm: Overt IR, produces a soft red glow- 815-850 nm: Semi-covert IR, produces a faint red glow just visible to the human eye- 940-950 nm: Covert IR, invisible to the human eye

Use cases:

- Provide discreet or covert illumination for CCTV cameras- Minimize light pollution- Provide very long-distance illumination- Can be used with monochrome and day/night cameras


6/276HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL File Number

Lets talk about infrared illumination

The main problem in designing a CCTV system when incorporatinginfrared illumination is that infrared light cannot be measured in lux.

How do you specify camera sensitivity?

How do you know what will be seen at various distances?

How sensitive are different cameras to infrared light?

How are spectral diagrams to be interpreted and the effect of the lens?

How far does your light shine?



Basic understanding of infrared illumination

Infrared illumination is used to provide light over scenes that would

otherwise be too dark for a camera to capture an image. It is a

compromise, because the best results can only be obtained by

providing sufficient white light but of course this is not always possible.

In many cases, using powerful floodlights would cause a considerable

nuisance and could be dangerous where there is road traffic movingtoward the lights. It is also difficult to cover a large area when a pan/tilt

camera is being used. In this case, illumination is only required where

the camera is directed, and infrared lights provide the answer.



What is infrared light?

Infrared light is a light that the human eye cannot see, but the monochromeCCTV camera can. Near infrared light is light of a longer wavelength than

the visible spectrum, between 700 and 1,100 nm, just beyond the visible

spectrum. It is this near infrared light that is used for CCTV purposes.

As infrared light contains none of the colors visible to humans it cannot be used

with color cameras. To see infrared light, monochrome or day/night cameras

are needed. CCTV cameras using infrared light always provide monochrome

images.

Applications that require covert surveillance, or applications where even low

levels of overt lighting must be avoided for reasons of light pollution, are ideal

for infrared light.


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How does infrared work?

Infrared waves travel in a straight line but can be affected by:

Reflectancethe reversal of direction that occurs at the surface of an object, i.e., amirror.

Refractiona change of the angle that occurs at the boundaries of different surfaces.Different wavelengths have different angles of refraction, i.e., a stick apparentlybending in the water.

Diffractiona deflection that occurs at apertures or edges of objects.

Absorptioncolor surfaces absorb some light and reflect the remainder. A blacksurface absorbs most of the light falling on it. Light energy is usually turned into heat,so dark materials heat up easily.

Visible radiation (visible light)the range in which the sun and stars similar to it emitmost of their radiation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun



Understanding reflectance and absorption

Reflectance: When light hits a surface it can be bounced back as reflection. The quality of the

surface impacts the type of reflection. Highly textured surfaces scatter light due to tiny

irregularities in the surface material, while flat surfaces such as a smooth white painted cement

wall could provide a more focused reflection.

Absorption: Some surfaces actually absorb light. Colored surfaces absorb some light and

reflect the remainder. A black surface absorbs most of the light falling on it. The light energy is

usually turned into heat, so dark materials heat up easily. For example, black paint will absorblight but a white colored cement wall could reflect approximately 40-50% light back to the

source.

IR Light

Absorption

Reflectance



Typical reflectance levels

Reflectance is a measure of light reflected from surface/light incident on surface. The energy that is not

reflected is absorbed and converted to heat. Low-reflectivity objects absorb a lot of energy hence thereason asphalt feels warm. The table below shows some everyday objects and their level of reflectance:

Material Typic al Reflectance (~%)

Snow scene 85%

Standard white paper 75%

Aluminum 75%

Glass windows 70%

White cloth/fabric 65%

Concrete (new) 40-50%

Plasterboard 30-60%

Open country (trees/grass) 20%

Brickwork (new) 10-30%

Brickwork (old) 5-15%

Concrete (old) 5-15%

Empty asphalt area 5%

Materials have different reflective levels with white light and infrared light. For example, trees and grass have a very high

level of reflectance to infrared light.



Visible light what the human eye sees

Human vision is confined to a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum called visiblelight. Below shows the spectral response (visible light) of the normal human eye with

luminous to radiometric conversion:

Visible light color spectrum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum



Electromagnetic spectrum: visible and infrared light

730nm 1100nm

InfraredVisible Light

RadioRadioX-RayGamma

Ray

Electromagnetic Spectrum

what the human eye sees

what the camera seeswhat the camera sees



Visible light, also known as white light

Measurement of white light on a scene can be simply recorded by use of a light meter. White light is

measured in lux, the European standard. It is the level of illumination produced by one lumen over onesquare meter. In North America the foot candle is still widely used as a unit of measurement. Typical lux

light levels are:

Bright Sunny Day = 10,000-100,000 lux

Overcast Day = 1,000-10,000 lux

Twilight = 1-100 lux

Street Lighting = 5 lux

Full Moon = 0.1 lux

Bright, Clear, Starlight = 0.01-0.0001 lux



Example of indoor IR camera performance

What to expect? ~ 375 lux scene

True Day/Night, 20 LEDs True Day/Night, DNR, 18 LEDs

Describing night vision performanceeffectively has long been a deeplyconfusing subject in the securityindustry.

Always remember, different applicationsrequire different levels of night visionperformance.

Object is ~38ft away from the camera

Back door is ~ 70ft

Object is ~38ft away from the camera

Back door is ~ 70ft



Example of outdoor IR camera performance

What is light? Light and surface?

~ 16K lux scene True Day/Night, 48 LEDs

No external lighting in scene only IR lightingFront of bear den pond ~65ft away from the camera

Light is fundamental to CCTV. Without

light no images are possible as it is light

reflected from the world around you that

makes the world visible both to the

human eye and to the CCTV camera.

To control lighting, you must understand

how light changes in quality and direction

when it meets a surface. The three main

effects are diffusion, reflection or

absorption. Often, light is affected by a

combination of these effects, and all

influence the quality of CCTV lighting.



Primary considerations for selecting IR cameras

The lens/focal length

- F-stop/aperture: The aperture or f-stop of a lens determines how much light passes through it to thecamera chip. In simple terms, the lower the f-stop, the more light the lens passes.

- Aspherical lenses provide improved low-light performance.

Range or distance to the object:- The maximum illumination is at the center of the beam of light. This falls off toward the furthest

extremity. Even levels of illumination is key:

Image quality that is affected by the signal level received at the CCD sensor.

Performance parameters must be clearly defined up front: What are thecustomers expectations?

- Detection? Classification? Recognition? Identification?


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Primary considerations for selecting IR cameras

Spectral response of the camera. The higher the spectral response, the better

the picture. Below are two examples:

True Day/Night (TDN) or Software Day/Night (SDN)?

- TDN uses a removable infrared cut filter in color mode and an optical low-pass filter

(OLPF) in black and white mode, guaranteeing optimal image quality at any time of dayand good quality color rendering.

- SDN does not use a removable infrared cut filter but typically uses an infrared notchfilter. Depending on the spectral response, low light sensitivity and daytime color

rendering are not as good as TDN.


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Practical installation considerations

Infrared and focus shift - Focus shift is a potential issue encountered when setting upcamera systems for 24-hour performance using infrared. The different wavelengths of

visible l400-700 nm) and infrared (700-1,000 nm) light create different focus points through

the lens onto the camera chip. This can lead to a loss of image focus at night, particularly if

the camera is set up during daytime operation. The degree of focus shift depends on a

variety of factors: Lens quality

Wavelength of the infrared light (longer wavelengths such as 950 nm will provide a moreexaggerated focus shift)

Infrared response of the camera

Focusing the camera correctly for low light performance means the camera will be focused

for infrared with the aperture fully open. During daytime operation, the increased depth of

field created by a closing aperture will counter the effects of focus shift. The best solution is

to focus the camera using only infrared lighting. This can be achieved by: Setting up the camera at night using infrared lighting Using an infrared pass filter over the camera lens to simulate a night-time scene


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What is the Honeywell solution?

IR bullet cameras

- HB70- HB71B, HB71S- HB72B, HB72S, HB72W- HB73

The Performance Series of IR cameras

IR indoor/outdoor

mini-domes- HD70- HD73

IR indoor

mini-domes- HD60- HD61


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IR indoor/outdoormini-dome

- HD4DIR

IR bullet cameras

- HCD81484

- HCD92534- HCD95534

What is the Honeywell solution?

The Performance Series of IR cameras

Night Hawk


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Performance/Honeywell IR fixed dome difference

Price

Value

HD60

HD61HD70

HD73

380 TVL Fixed lens

Indoor 24 LEDs

SDN

380 TVL 3.8-9.5 VFAI

Indoor

20 LEDs SDN

550 TVL Fixed lens

Indoors/out

24 LEDs

SDN

530 TVL

3.8-9.5 VFAI

Indoors/out 20 LEDs

TDN

OSD

540 TVL

3.3-12 IR-corrected VFAI

Indoors/out

18 high power LEDs (wide/narrowbeam for even IR distribution)

DNR (Digital Noise Reduction)

Privacy Zones (4X)

TDN

12/24 V OSD

HD4DIR

Night Hawk


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Performance/Honeywell IR bullet difference

P

rice

Value

HB70

HB72

HB73

380 TVL 4.3 mm fixed

Indoors/out

12 LEDs

SDN

380 TVL 6 mm fixed

Indoors/out

34 LEDs

SDN

550 TVL 3.8-9.5 VFAI

Indoors/out

18 LEDs

TDN

2.8-10 VFAI IR-corrected (HCD92) 5-50 VFAI IR-corrected (HCD95)

Indoors/outdoors

49 (26 HD95) high power LEDs(wide/narrow beam for even IRdistribution)

DNR (Digital Noise Reduction)

TDN 12/24 V

OSD

Privacy Zone (4X)

External zoom/focus adjustment

Concealed video/power cable

HB71

530 TVL

4.3 mm fixed

Indoors/out

12 LEDs

SDN

4-9 VFAI IR-corrected

Indoors/out

18 high power LEDs(wide/narrow beam foreven IR distribution)

TDN

12/24 V

Concealed video/powercable

HCD81484 HCD92534

HCD95534

Night Hawk


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IR fixed mini-dome camera feature comparison

HDPR-WK

(Pendant Mount)

HDPR-WK

(Wall Mount)

HD4-WK(Wall Mount)

Fix Lens VFAI Lens Hi Res STD Res 12 VDC 12/24 V SDN TDN DNR OSD

WallMount

Option

PendantMount

Option

HD60(X)

HD61(X)

HD70(X)

HD73(X)

HD4DIR(X)


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IR fixed bullet camera feature comparison

MODEL Fix Lens VFAI Lens Hi Res STD Res 12 VDC 12/24 V SDN TDN DNR OSDExternal

Adjustments

Cable Concealed

in mount

HB70

HB71B/S

HB72B/W/S

HB73

HCD92534

HCD95534

HCD81484

Night Hawk

Q ti ?


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Questions?

If you have questions or would like additionalinformation, please contact Honeywell Inside Salesat 1-800-796-2288.

Nightvision Security

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