PowerPoint Presentation

NigeriaAyoub, Logan, Seth, Rebekah

GDPThe GDP of Nigeria has risen significantly since 2000, more than quadrupling.Surprisingly, Oil makes up only 14% of Nigerias GDP; Agriculture makes up 40% while Services is 30% and Manufacturing 15%.Ayoub OuederniSource: Nigerian National Bureau of StatisticsGDP of Nigeria, 1960-2011Ayoub Ouederni

Source: World BankGNINigerias GNI has also increased significantly since 2000, more than doubling.The average income in Nigeria is just $330 per year.The vast majority of Nigerians live in extreme poverty - less than $1.25 a day.Ayoub OuederniSource: Center for Global DevelopmentGNI of Nigeria, 1980-2011Ayoub Ouederni

Source: World BankHDIThe HDI of Nigeria is among the lowest in the world.Nigeria is ranked as 156/187, with a score of 0.459.By comparison, Nigerias score is barely above that of Haitis, the country with the lowest score in the Americas.Ayoub Ouederni

Ayoub OuederniPolicymaking FactionsLong periods of military rule have resulted in a very top-down power structure.Senior govt officials are supported by a broad base of junior officials, referred to as the loyalty pyramid.Policymakers interest is generally in themselves, or those who they owe favors to. For this reason, there arent very clear factions beyond cultures.Seth Millsap8Policymaking Factions (cont.)The last era of popular sovereignty in Nigeria was the communal basis of rule in the pre-Colonial period.Policymaking factions are mostly rooted in prebendalism, so its more the individuals in power.

Seth Millsap

Left: Babangida

Right: AbachaForeign Relations in NigeriaNigeria participates in the: Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African UnionEconomic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Non-Aligned Movement CommonwealthUnited NationsSeth MillsapForeign Relations in Nigeria (cont.)Nigeria has always tended to be at the head of Africa in terms of development. Upon gaining its own independence, Nigeria has assisted other nations in their liberation struggles.Among Nigerias more startling international announcements has been its strong intent to equip itself with nuclear power and weapons of unlimited scope.Seth MillsapForeign Relations in Nigeria (cont.)While Nigeria supports the liberation of other African nations, this doesnt necessarily mean its allied with them. Chad is such a nation.Nigeria has particularly friendly relations with Ghana and Niger among African nations. It regularly works with the two countries.Nigeria withdrew its Ambassador from Libya when Gaddafi suggested Nigerias division into separate Christian and Muslim states.Seth Millsap

Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.)Nigeria supplies 20% of Indias crude oil, and is Indias largest African trade partner.Nigeria and Israel mutually have embassies in each other; Israels in Abuja and Nigerias in Tel Aviv.Nigeria has close relations with Pakistan, described by the Defense Minister as like a family tie.

Seth MillsapForeign Relations in Nigeria (cont.)Nigeria and China have been progressing their relations, and China has supported Nigerias bid as a member of the U.N. Security Council.Nigeria has taken a special interest in Barbados, expressing high desires to establish close relations. The Governor of the state of Ogun has offered Barbadians free land if they move to Nigeria.Seth MillsapForeign Relations in Nigeria (cont.)Nigeria and Brasil have long shared strong relations by means of culture (many Afro-Brazilians trace ancestry to Nigeria) and commercial trade.Canada has a high commission in Abuja and Nigeria has a high commission in Ottawa.Greece has a large hand in transporting Nigerias oil and natural gas, and Nigerian-Greek trade leans in Greeces favor.Seth MillsapForeign Relations in Nigeria (cont.)Russia and Nigeria have mutual embassies.Nigeria and the U.K. have had lengthy relations since Nigerias independence in 1960, especially on the basis of Nigerians based in the U.K.Nigeria had strenuous ties with the U.S. for some time, but took a strong stance against terrorism after the 9/11 bombings. Nigeria has also played a major role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in Sub-Saharan Africa.Seth MillsapForeign Relations in Nigeria (cont.)The Nigerian ambassador to the United States is Adebowale Adefuye, a former history professor. He is highly regarded among the Nigerian people.Article!

Seth MillsapPopulation Issues

Rebekah Kim

Rebekah KimNigeria is the worlds sixth most populous nation with 167 million people

Most parents are on the lower social level.Parents are often unemployed and no longer able to care for their children, nor control them and raise them to become law-abiding citizens.Rebekah KimMs. Rosenthal:..whole families squeeze into 7 by 11 feet rooms along a narrow corridor. Up to 50 people share a kitchen, toilet and sink, though the pipes in the neighborhood often no longer carry water (unsanitary) In Ketu, Nigeria, a newborn boy is attended to by the light of cellphones; the power having gone out. (not enough electricity to go around) at Alapere Primary School, more than 100 students cram into most classrooms, two to a desk. (not enough resources to go around)

Rebekah KimEven President Dr. Goodluck Jonathan was dissatisfied with the growth from 140 million to 167 million since 2006 (UNFPA). Food insecurity is, for individuals as for nations, the most serious form of insecurity.A shortage of the basic necessities of life (employment, food, educationetc) causes social unrest and threatens peace and stability.Rebekah Kim

Why Nigerians think Nigeria is the most populous country in Africahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xB6DeUxCrg Rebekah KimEnvironmental IssuesThere has been a 10% depletion in the mangrove forests due to human impactThe mismanagement of oil rigs by Shell has also led to the degradation of these forestsLoss of forests is obviously harmful to plants and animals, but causes issues for the people indigenous to the Niger Delta area. These mangroves are a huge source of wood.The forests are also home to endangered species such as the manatee

Logan McCloy

The government established the Niger Delta Development Commission in 2000There has been little support for the group since and loss continues to happen Environmental IssuesAnother environmental issue in the Niger Delta is fishing depletionFish are a major source of protein for the people all over NigeriaAs the demand for fish increases so does the fishing and the population is decreasing rapidlyClimate change, habitat loss, and pollution have also led to the decrease in fish populationLogan McCloy

Environmental IssueThe biggest environmental issue in Nigeria is oil spillsNigeria has the highest number of oil spills among oil producing countries with no penalty for those who cause the spillThere is an average .7 to 1.7 million tonnes of oil spilled into oceans and river per year in nigeriaShell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), spilled in excess of 26,411 barrels of oil in 13-month period, January 2012 to January 2013Logan McCloy

EnergyNigeria produces 2553.4 thousands of barrels per day which ranks 12th in the worldThey consume 240 thousand barrels per day which ranks 49th in the worldThey produce 1107 billion cubic feet of natural gas in 2011Logan McCloy

58% oil, 34 % natural gas, and 8% hydroThey used 25 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in 2010 which ranks 71st in the worldEnergy Nigeria has a target of 7% renewable energy by 2025Nigeria uses 8% of hydro energy, but other than that there are very few forms of alternative energyThey have tried to use solar energy, but like many countries throughout the world have been unsuccessful in effective as well as efficient use

Logan McCloy

Oil ThievesOne of the biggest problems Nigeria is currently facing are oil thievesSome thieves say the government has left them no choice and they must do it to make money2,000 suspects had been arrested and 4,000 refineries, 30,000 drums of products and hundreds of bunkering boats destroyed in 2012.Thieves often tap unguarded pipelines in broad daylight, hacking into them and connecting a hose to pump the oil onto a bargeThe majority of oil is shipped out of Nigeria with 10% refined locally Nigeria is losing up to $1 billion a month due to oil thievesThe thieves also adversely affect the environment with their less than cautious techniquesOil theft has also led to an increase in violence over the past several yearsLogan McCloy28Illegal Oil RefineryLogan McCloy

Nigeria: The Niger Delta Crisis: The Political, Economic and Environmental Conundrumhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIYf43vtI-g Rebekah Kim