Nick Taylor (Heriot-Watt University, UK) : Context-aware infrastructure issues: PERSIST and...
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Context-aware Infrastructure Issues
Nick TaylorHeriot-Watt University
Edinburgh, UK
DAIDALOS
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What is Context-awareness?
• A range of information about the environment or state in which some activity is occurring
• For a network, context-aware also means being traffic-aware and for wireless, interference-aware
• Requirements for -– Services/Routes and SLAs (Service Level Agreements)– Bandwidth/Reliability and QoS (Quality of Service)– Frequency/Modulation and BERs (Bit Error Rates)
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What Context-awareness Can Achieve
• Adaptation– Personalisation for users– Reconfiguration for devices
• Actuation– Pro-active behaviours for users– Switching for devices
• Monitoring– QoS for SLAs, etc. – Learning
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Requirements of Context-awareness
• Rapid and reliable transmission of an increasing volume of, possibly continuously streamed, data
• Merging/fusion of data from multiple context sources
• Inference of higher level context attributes• For a network, cognitive network management
and re-configurability• Addressability of an enormous number of
sensors and actuators!
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IPv4 Address Exhaustion
Source: Wikipedia (2010)
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IPv6
• Slow uptake– Do we need to wait?– Can we afford to?
• Do we really need to be able to address everything from everywhere?– How far does RFID data actually travel in practice?– We need pragmatic solutions, not once-size-fits-all
• Ad hoc formation of local subnets on demand might be more efficient in most smart spaces– Opportunistic P2P networking is already possible but
needs to be made much easier
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A Pervasive Agenda for FI
• Future Internet needs to better support– Smart spaces rich in devices• Including much larger numbers of, but highly localised,
sensors and actuators
– Mobile users on the move (across networks too)• B3G, WIFI, WIMAX, …• Separation of identity and location in addressing
– User choice and negotiation• Privacy, Cost, QoS, etc. selection criteria• Only the user can decide what their privacy, price, etc.
requirements are but negotiation must be supported
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A Smarter FI Infrastructure
• Statefull– Awareness of what is occurring where (recoverable)
• Adaptable– Network selection and re-configuration
• Extensible– Integration of sensor and actuator networks
• Efficient– Network protocols (e.g. minimalist for mobiles)
• Seamless– Network hand-over for “Always Best Connected”
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Users versus Devices
• Human to Machine (H2M)– Original Internet design– Needs extending to allow users to tailor more than just
apps/services to their needs• Cross-layer collaboration in Service Oriented Architectures• Preferences for cost, security, privacy, QOS need to be able to
impact on device and network properties
• Machine to Machine (M2M)– Data-centric rather than user-centric in nature– Real World Internet and Internet of Things will drive FI in
new directions with potential for conflict with H2M unless infrastructure sufficiently flexible
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Acknowledgements
• Partners in Daidalos, Persist, Societies consortia
• MANA (Management & Service-Aware Networking Architectures) Position Paper
• RWI (Real World Internet) Position Paper
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• Additional slides follow in case necessary
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PERSIST (PSS) & SOCIETIES (CSS)
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Example - PERSIST
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Example - SOCIETIES
• Mobile Devices: SmartPhone, MID, Tablet PC, PDA, Nettop, Specks/Motes, RFID Tags/Readers
• Fixed Devices: Sensor networks, Servers, IMS, Directional Speakers, Lights
• Available Features: GPS, Motion, Temperature, Pressure, Magnetic Compass, Camera, Microphone
• OS Platforms: Windows, Linux, Android, Moblin
• Networking: LAN, Wifi, WiMax, UMTS, BGAN, Bluetooth, Zigbee
• Service Interaction: REST, SOAP, PTP (Cameras), Sensor Network Protocols
• Service Platforms: OSGi, Mono
•User Trial/Testbed Technologies
•Abstraction Technologies
• Protocols: IP, HTTP, FTP (Cameras)