Nianzhi (George) Jiao, Yao Zhang Xiamen University China
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Transcript of Nianzhi (George) Jiao, Yao Zhang Xiamen University China
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Picoplankton Community Structure
subarctic (K2) v.s.
subtropical (Aloha similar)
----------------------------------------------
Nianzhi (George) Jiao, Yao Zhang
Xiamen University
China
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Investigation Sites
Fig. 1 Sampling stations Chlorophyll a remote images (Aqua-MODIS) of August 2005 were employed as the backgrounds. NWPG: North Western Pacific; NEP: North Eastern Pacific; MNEP: Marginal sea of North Eastern Pacific.
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.0
60.0
mg
m- 3
0
20
40
60
80
K2
NW PG1
NEP1
ALOHA
NEP2 NEP3
160W 140W 120W 100W160E140E120E 180
NW PG2
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Picoplankton discrimination by FCM
Prochlorococcus Synechococcus
Picoeukaryotes Heterotrophic bacteria
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AAPB (AAPB (aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteriaaerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria))
TIREM TIREM Jiao et al., 2006,Jiao et al., 2006, Journal of Microbiological Methods
Exposure time (min)
0 3 6 9 12 15 18
Cou
nts
/ M
icro
-fie
ld
20
40
60
80
200
Cyano CountDAPI CountIR Count
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Paths of Photosynthesis
Karl, 2002
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Sunlight
Phtosynthesis in Phytoplankton
Phtosynthesisin AAPB
C fixation
ATP
Save OC Ocean C cycling
Re-budget ??
respiration consumption
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Carbon cycling
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TEM-Ultrathin sections
SEM
dc10-s
dg26-y-1(2216)
dc10-s
dc10-s
db6-y-2(0.2)
TEM-Negatively stained cells
AAPB cells
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Non-AAPB
AAPB
ciliates Meso-zooplanktonflagellates
ciliates
flagellates
Meso-zooplankton
Cellular contribution to sinking flux in AAPB could also be higher than non-AAPB
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Deployment 1 Deployment 2 Cell Abundance (cells/ml)
1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+6
De
pth
(m
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Euk.Syn.Bact.AAPB
Cell Abundance (cells/ml)
1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+60
10
20
30
40
50
Depth profiles of the abundance (upper)And biomass (lower) of picoplankton at K2.
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Cell Abundance (cells/ml)
1e+1 1e+2 1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+6
Dep
th (
m)
0
50
100
150
200
Euk.Syn.Bact.AAPB
Cell Abundance (cells/ml)
1e+1 1e+2 1e+3 1e+4 1e+5 1e+60
50
100
150
200
K2Deployment 1
K2Deployment 2
Fig. 4 Depth profiles of picoplankton at K2 with false connection down to 200m.
The data of 60-200m are adopted from Liu et al. 2002.
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Picoplankton Carbon Biomass at K2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
K2Deployment 1
Biomass (C mg/m3)
051015202530
Dep
th (
m)
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
non-AAPBAAPB
K2Deployment 2
Biomass (C mg/m3)
0510152025300
10
20
30
40
50
Euk. Syn.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
K2Deployment 1
051015202530
Dep
th (
m)
0
50
100
150
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
non-AAPBAAPB
K2Deployment 2
0510152025300
50
100
150
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Euk. Syn.
Fig. 5 Depth profiles of pico-sized autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon biomass at K2. The data of 60-200m (shaded) were from Liu et al. 2002.
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Comparison between K2 and Aloha similars
Fig. 1 Sampling stations Chlorophyll a remote images (Aqua-MODIS) of August 2005 were employed as the backgrounds. NWPG: North Western Pacific; NEP: North Eastern Pacific; MNEP: Marginal sea of North Eastern Pacific.
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.0
60.0
mg
m- 3
0
20
40
60
80
K2
NW PG1
NEP1
ALOHA
NEP2 NEP3
160W 140W 120W 100W160E140E120E 180
NW PG2
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Pico- biomass K2 v.s. NWPG
Fig. 6 Vertical distribution of pico-sized autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon biomass
at K2 and NWPG1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
K2
Biomass (C mg/m3)
051015202530
Dep
th (
m)
0
50
100
150
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
non-AAPBAAPB
NWPG1
Biomass (C mg/m3)
0510152025300
50
100
150
200
Pro.Euk.Syn.
Surface layer: Auto > hetero Auto < heteroTwilight zone: Auto < hetero Auto > hetero
GyreK2
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Comparison along longitude
Fig. 1 Sampling stations Chlorophyll a remote images (Aqua-MODIS) of August 2005 were employed as the backgrounds. NWPG: North Western Pacific; NEP: North Eastern Pacific; MNEP: Marginal sea of North Eastern Pacific.
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.0
60.0
mg
m- 3
0
20
40
60
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K2
NW PG1
NEP1
ALOHA
NEP2 NEP3
160W 140W 120W 100W160E140E120E 180
NW PG2
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NEP1, 2 ,3,4Auto –fraction
increased eastward
Vertical distibution of pico-sized autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon biomas
s at NEP
0 5 10 15 20 25
NEP3
0510152025
Depth
(m
)
0
50
100
150
200
0 5 10 15 20 25
NEP2
0510152025
Depth
(m
)
0
50
100
150
200
0 5 10 15 20 25
non-AAPBAAPB
NEP1
Biomass (C mg/m3)
0510152025
Depth
(m
)
0
50
100
150
200
Pro.Euk.Syn.
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Fig. 10 Variation of vertical profiles of pico-sized autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon biomass along longit
ude
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
non-AAPB AAPB
NEP4Deployment 1
Biomass (C mg/m3)
0102030405060
De
pth
(m
)
0
50
100
150
200
Pro.Euk.Syn.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NEP4Deployment 2
Biomass (C mg/m3)
01020304050600
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NEP4Deployment 3
0102030405060
De
pth
(m
)
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NEP4Deployment 4
01020304050600
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100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NEP
01020304050600
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150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NEP2
0102030405060
De
pth
(m
)
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NEP1
01020304050600
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100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NWPG2
0102030405060
De
pth
(m
)
0
50
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NWPG1
01020304050600
50
100
150
200
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NEP4 (1,2,3,4) <=> K2 (1,2) in terms of Biomass flux and auto/hetero ratio; although composition are different
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
non-AAPB AAPB
MNEPDeployment 1
Biomass (C mg/m3)
0102030405060
Dep
th (
m)
0
50
100
150
200
Pro.Euk.Pro.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
MNEPDeployment 2
Biomass (C mg/m3)
01020304050600
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
MNEPDeployment 3
0102030405060
Dep
th (
m)
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
MNEPDeployment 4
01020304050600
50
100
150
200
Vertical distribution of pico-sized autotrophic and heterotro
phic carbon biomass at NEP4
Depth profiles ofpico-sized autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon biomass
at K2
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Two dimensional trends
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.0
60.0
mg
m- 3
0
20
40
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K2
NEP3
120W 100W160E140E120E
NW PG2Along trophic gradient
Alo
ng
la
titu
de
180 160W 140W
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Conclusions• Picoeukaryoes and Synechococcus dominate carbon biomass of
pico-autotrophs at K2 • Prochlorococcus dominate carbon biomass of pico-autotrophs at l
ow latitudes especially in the oligotrophic areas. • AAPB are more abundant in entrophic waters than in oligotrphic w
aters
• picoplankton carbon flux maximum layer depth eutrophic waters: 50-75m oligotrophic waters: 100-150m
• Temperature and nutrients are two major controlling factors
• Variations along gradients: autotrophs >> heterotrophic bacteria • Therefore whether or not a province is autotrophic or heterotrophi
c is determined primarily by autotrophs
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Cheers!
K2 Aloha