N-57 REV. E ENGLISH AUG / 2005

PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 50 pages, Index of Revisions and WG

MECHANICAL DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL PIPING

Procedure

This Standard replaces and cancels its previous revision.

The CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee provides guidance on the interpretation of this Standard when questions arise regarding its contents. The Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard is responsible for adopting and applying the clauses thereof.

CONTEC Comisso de Normalizao

Tcnica

Technical Requirement: a provision established as the most adequate and which shall be used strictly in accordance with this Standard. If a decision is taken not to follow the requirement (non-conformity to this Standard) it shall be based on well-founded economic and management reasons, and be approved and registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterized by the verb forms shall, it is necessary..., is required to..., it is required that..., is to..., has to..., only ... is permitted, and other equivalent expressions having an imperative nature.

Recommended Practice: a provision that may be adopted under the conditions of this Standard, but which admits (and draws attention to) the possibility of there being a more adequate alternative (not written in this Standard) to the particular application. The alternative adopted shall be approved and registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterized by the verbal form should and equivalent expressions such as it is recommended that... and ought to... (verbs of a nonmandatory nature). It is indicated by the expression: [Recommended Practice].

SC - 17 Copies of the registered non-conformities to this Standard that may contribute to the improvement thereof shall be submitted to the CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee.

Proposed revisions to this Standard shall be submitted to the CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee, indicating the alphanumeric identification and revision of the Standard, the clause(s) to be revised, the proposed text, and technical/economic justification for revision. The proposals are evaluated during the work for alteration of this Standard.

Piping

The present Standard is the exclusive property of PETRLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. - PETROBRAS, for internal use in the Company, and any reproduction for external use or disclosure, without previous and express authorization from the owner, will imply an unlawful act pursuant to the relevant legislation through which the applicable responsibilities shall be imputed. External circulation shall be regulated by a specific clause of Secrecy and Confidentiality pursuant to the terms of intellectual and industrial property law.

Foreword

PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared by Working Groups - WG (consisting of specialists from PETROBRAS and its Subsidiaries), are commented by PETROBRAS Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries, are approved by the Authoring Subcommittees - SCs (consisting of specialists from the same specialty, representing the various PETROBRAS Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries), and ratified by the Executive Nucleus (consisting of representatives of the PETROBRAS Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries). A PETROBRAS Technical Standard is subject to revision at any time by its Authoring Subcommittee and shall be reviewed every 5 years to be revalidated, revised or cancelled. PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1. For complete information about PETROBRAS Technical Standards see PETROBRAS Technical Standards Catalog.

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SUMMARY

1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................ 5

2 SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTS..................................................................................................................... 5

3 DEFINITIONS...................................................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 MECHANICAL DESIGN ........................................................................................................................ 7 3.2 LAYOUT PLANS ................................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 SAFE LOCATION.................................................................................................................................. 7 3.4 HOT PRODUCTS.................................................................................................................................. 7 3.5 COLD PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................................... 7 3.6 PIPING CLASS ..................................................................................................................................... 7 3.7 SMALL DIAMETER FITTING (SDF)...................................................................................................... 7 3.8 REPAIR ................................................................................................................................................. 7 3.9 PIPING SYSTEM................................................................................................................................... 8 3.10 CORROSION RATE............................................................................................................................ 8 3.11 PIPING ................................................................................................................................................ 8 3.12 PROCESS PIPING (ON-SITE PIPING)............................................................................................... 8 3.13 TRANSFER PIPING (OFF-SITE PIPING) ........................................................................................... 8 3.14 UTILITY PIPING.................................................................................................................................. 8 3.15 SMALL DIAMETER PIPING (SDP) ..................................................................................................... 8 3.16 CRITICAL OR HAZARDOUS SERVICES ........................................................................................... 8 3.17 CTF ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

4 GENERAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................................... 9

4.1 DESIGNERS RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................................................................... 9 4.2 DESIGN PRESENTATION.................................................................................................................... 9 4.3 MATERIALS .......................................................................................................................................... 9 4.4 CALCULATION CRITERIA.................................................................................................................. 11 4.5 PIPING IDENTIFICATION................................................................................................................... 11 4.6 COORDINATES AND ELEVATIONS .................................................................................................. 11 4.7 THERMAL INSULATION..................................................................................................................... 11 4.8 HEAT TRACING.................................................................................................................................. 12 4.9 FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY........................................................................................................ 12

5 GENERAL PIPING ARRANGEMENT................................................................................................................ 12

6 LAYOUT OF PIPING CONNECTED TO EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................... 15

6.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS.................................................................................................................... 15 6.2 PIPING CONNECTED TO PUMPS..................................................................................................... 16

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6.3 PIPING CONNECTED TO TURBINES................................................................................................ 17 6.4 PIPING CONNECTED TO VESSELS ................................................................................................. 18 6.5 PIPING CONNECTED TO HEAT EXCHANGERS .............................................................................. 18 6.6 PIPING CONNECTED TO COMPRESSORS ..................................................................................... 19

7 REQUIREMENTS FOR SDP IN CRITICAL OR HAZARDOUS SERVICES ...................................................... 20

7.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR SMALL DIAMETER PROCESS PIPING ....................................................... 20 7.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR SDP OF AUXILIARY PRODUCT PUMP SYSTEMS ..................................... 21 7.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR SDP OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS ........................ 25

8 VALVES............................................................................................................................................................. 26

8.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................................... 26 8.2 SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVES ......................................................................................................... 28 8.3 CONTROL VALVES............................................................................................................................ 28

9 EXPANSION JOINTS........................................................................................................................................ 29

10 STEAM TRAP SYSTEMS FOR PIPING AND EQUIPMENT ........................................................................... 29

11 PIPING SUPPORTS AND RESTRAINTS........................................................................................................ 30

12 MISCELLANEOUS .......................................................................................................................................... 32

ANNEX A - FIGURES............................................................................................................................................ 33

TABLES TABLE 1 - TEMPERATURE LIMIT OF MATERIAL ............................................................................................... 10

TABLE 2 - VALVE SIZING..................................................................................................................................... 17

TABLE 3 - CARRIER PIPE MATERIALS............................................................................................................... 22

TABLE 4 - CANCELLED - AMENDMENT MAY/2006............................................................................................ 22

TABLE 5 - THICKNESS LIMIT FOR CARRIER PIPE - STEAM PIPING ............................................................... 23

TABLE 6 - THICKNESS LIMIT FOR CARRIER PIPE - COOLING WATER .......................................................... 24

TABLE 7 - THICKNESS LIMIT FOR CARRIER PIPE - LUBRICATING OIL.......................................................... 24

FIGURES 1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................ 5

FIGURE 1 - INTERCONNECTIONS OF INSTRUMENT LINE CONNECTIONS ................................................... 26

FIGURE A-1 - PIPE RACK .................................................................................................................................... 33

FIGURE A-2 - PIPING ON PIPEWAYS ................................................................................................................. 34

FIGURE A-3 - SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF A UNIT................................................................................... 35

FIGURE A-3 - SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF A UNIT................................................................................... 36

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FIGURE A-3 - SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF A UNIT................................................................................... 37

FIGURE A-3 - SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF A UNIT................................................................................... 38

FIGURE A-4 - POSITIONING OF FLANGE HOLES.............................................................................................. 39

FIGURE A-5 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS OF PUMP SUCTION LINES............................................................ 40

FIGURE A-5 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS OF PUMP SUCTION LINES............................................................ 41

FIGURE A-6 - TYPICAL PUMP PIPING LAYOUT................................................................................................ 42

FIGURE A-7 - HEATING OF STANDBY PUMP .................................................................................................... 43

FIGURE A-8 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM TURBINE LINES ............................................................ 44

FIGURE A-9 - SPACING BETWEEN TUBES AND VESSELS.............................................................................. 45

FIGURE A-10 - TYPICAL ARRAY OF COMPRESSORS TUBING LAYOUTS...................................................... 46

FIGURE A-11 - MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR AIR COMPRESSOR SUCTION LINES ......................................... 47

FIGURE A-12 - TYPICAL CONTROL VALVE LAYOUTS...................................................................................... 48

FIGURE A-13 - ISOMETRIC STEAM TRAP INSTALLATION IN EQUIPMENT .................................................... 49

FIGURE A-14 - ELEVATION AND PLANT OF STEAM TRAP INSTALLATION IN TANKS................................... 50

_____________

/FOREWORD

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FOREWORD This Standard is the English version (issued in FEB/2009) of PETROBRAS standard N-57 REV. E AUG/2005, including its Amendment - MAY/2006. In case of doubt, the Portuguese version, which is the valid document for all intents and purposes, shall be used. 1 SCOPE 1.1 This Standard specifies the minimum conditions required for the execution of the mechanical design of industrial piping in industrial units, comprising exploration and production facilities in onshore facilities, utilities and process areas, tank farms, storage bases and terminals (including pumping, compression, and metering stations, and effluent treatment stations) in areas outside refineries, using as reference ASME standard B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8, besides ISO standard 15649, where applicable and in accordance with Table 1 of PETROBRAS standard N-1673. 1.2 This Standard does not apply to piping belonging to instrumentation and control systems, sanitary waste systems, industrial drainage systems, and steam boiler systems. Neither does it apply to offshore facilities, oil and gas pipelines, piping belonging to equipment supplied through the package system (compact equipment), unless otherwise specified by PETROBRAS. For facilities on offshore production platforms, besides the recommendations set out in ASME standard B31, those contained in API standard RP 14E shall be followed. 1.3 This Standard applies to designs for PETROBRAS started as of its date of issuance. 1.4 This Standard contains Technical Requirements and Recommended Practices. 2 SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTS The documents listed below are mentioned in the text and contain valid requirements for the present Standard.

PETROBRAS N-42 - Projeto de Sistema de Aquecimento Externo de Tubulao, Equipamento e Instrumentao, com Vapor;

PETROBRAS N-46 - Maximus Spans between Piping Supports; PETROBRAS N-58 - Graphic Symbols for Process and Engineering

Flowsheets; PETROBRAS N-59 - Smbolos Grficos para Desenhos de Tubulao; PETROBRAS N-75 - Abbreviations for Industrial Projects; PETROBRAS N-76 - Materiais de Tubulao para Instalaes de Refino e

Transporte; PETROBRAS N-105 - Espaamento entre Tubos; PETROBRAS N-108 - Suspiros e Drenos para Tubulaes e Equipamentos; PETROBRAS N-115 - Fabrication and Erection of Metallic Piping; PETROBRAS N-116 - Sistemas de Purga de Vapor em Tubulaes; PETROBRAS N-118 - Filtro Temporrio e Filtro Gaveta para Tubulao; PETROBRAS N-120 - Peas de Insero entre Flanges; PETROBRAS N-250 - Installation of High Temperature Thermal Insulation;

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PETROBRAS N-550 - Design of High Temperature Thermal Insulation; PETROBRAS N-553 - Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Service; PETROBRAS N-858 - Construo, Montagem e Condicionamento de

Instrumentao; PETROBRAS N-894 - Design of Low Temperature Thermal Insulation; PETROBRAS N-896 - Installation of Low Temperature Thermal Insulation; PETROBRAS N-1522 - Identification of Industrial Piping; PETROBRAS N-1645 - Safety Criteria to Project of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Storage Fixed Facilities; PETROBRAS N-1647 - Material para Tubulao - Folha de Padronizao; PETROBRAS N-1673 - Piping Mechanical Design Criteria; PETROBRAS N-1674 - Design of Layout for Petroleum Refinery; PETROBRAS N-1692 - Presentation of Piping Detailing Designs; PETROBRAS N-1693 - Critrio para Padronizao de Material de Tubulao; PETROBRAS N-1758 - Support, Abutment and Restriction for Piping; PETROBRAS N-1882 - Criteria for Preparing Instrumentation; PETROBRAS N-1931 - Instrumentation Piping Materials; PETROBRAS N-2543 - Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary

Pumps; ISO 15649 - Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Piping; API RP 14E - Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of

Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems; API RP 520 - Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-Relieving

Devices in Refineries; API RP 551 - Process Measurement Instrumentation; API RP 553 - Refinery Control Valves; API STD 610 - Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and

Natural Gas Industries; API STD 611 - General-Purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum,

Chemical, and Gas Industry Services; API STD 612 - Special-Purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum,

Chemical, and Gas Industry Services; API STD 614 - Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, and Control-Oil Systems

and Auxiliaries for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services;

API STD 617 - Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas e Industry Services;

API STD 682 - Pumps - Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps;

ASME B1.20.1 - Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch); ASME B16.11 - Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded; ASME B31.3 - Process Piping; ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid

Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids; ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems; ASME B36.10 - Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe; ASME B36.19 - Stainless Steel Pipe; NEMA SM 23 - Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service.

Note: For documents referred in this Standard and for which only the Portuguese version

is available, the PETROBRAS department that uses this Standard should be consulted for any information required for the specific application.

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3 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions indicated in items 3.1 to 3.17 are adopted. 3.1 Mechanical Design A series of engineering activities and their product intended to present necessary and sufficient information for the acquisition, construction, operation, and maintenance of piping systems belonging to petroleum facilities. The set of information provided by the design is comprised of the documents listed in PETROBRAS standard N-1692. Note: For the purposes of this Standard, mechanical design and detailed piping design

shall be considered synonyms. 3.2 Layout Plans For purposes of application of this Standard, all terms relating to layout plans defined in PETROBRAS standard N-1674 are also applicable. 3.3 Safe Location Region in which flammable or toxic gases may be discharged. For vents, according to PETROBRAS standard N-1674. For drains, according to PETROBRAS standard N-1645. 3.4 Hot Products Fluids with a temperature above 60 C. 3.5 Cold Products Fluids with a temperature of 60 C or below. 3.6 Piping Class Degree of importance of piping systems, in classes, so as to classify them based on the effects on the safety of people, facilities and the environment, as a result of a possible leak caused by failure of the system. 3.7 Small Diameter Fitting (SDF) Small diameter fittings are considered to be those having a nominal diameter equal to or smaller than 1 1/2 (NPS 1-1/2). See item 3.15. 3.8 Repair Any intervention aimed at restoring operability after failure or correcting nonconformities with respect to the original design.

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3.9 Piping System An assembly of pipes used to convey fluids, interconnected to each other and/or to static or dynamic equipment and subject to the same design conditions (temperature and pressure). 3.10 Corrosion Rate Number that indicates the thickness loss in piping occurring within a given time period at a point or group of control points and expressed in mm/year. 3.11 Piping An assembly of pipes and accessories (valves, flanges, bends, fittings etc.) intended for transporting process or utility fluids. 3.12 Process Piping (On-Site Piping) Piping interconnecting piping systems or equipment in the physical space defined by the process units, usually delimited by the battery limits. 3.13 Transfer Piping (Off-Site Piping) Piping interconnecting piping systems or equipment in the physical space outside the processing units. 3.14 Utility Piping Piping carrying auxiliary fluids required for processing and storage. 3.15 Small Diameter Piping (SDP) Piping belonging to industrial facilities having a nominal diameter of 1 1/2 or smaller; comprising process piping, auxiliary machinery piping and instrumentation piping. 3.16 Critical or Hazardous Services For the purposes of this Standard, by critical or hazardous services it is meant those in which there is danger of explosion, self-ignition, fire and/or environmental toxicity in cases involving leaks. Examples of piping systems under these conditions include, but are not limited to, the following items:

a) piping conveying fluids with a H2S concentration higher than 3 % by weight; b) piping with fluids with a partial H2 pressure higher than 441 kPa (4.5 kgf/cm2); c) DEA, MEA or caustic soda solution piping either contaminated or not

contaminated; d) piping with flammable liquid fluids at an operating temperature equal to or

higher than the flash or self-ignition temperature; e) flammable gas piping: tail gas, LPG, fuel gas, natural gas, and flare gas;

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f) piping with category M toxic product of ASME B31.3; g) piping of hydrocarbons and chemicals connected to reciprocating machines; h) piping of hydrocarbons and chemicals with a high vibration level; i) piping of hydrocarbons and chemicals at a working temperature above 260 C

or a working pressure above 2 000 kPa (20 kgf/cm2); j) piping of hydrocarbons and chemicals with a corrosion or erosion allowance

greater than 3.2 mm; k) piping of hydrocarbons and chemicals subject to stress corrosion; l) piping of hydrocarbons and chemicals reaching temperatures below 0 C, in

case of leaks, due to sudden depressurization to atmospheric pressure. 3.17 CTF Compression tube fittings. 4 GENERAL CONDITIONS 4.1 Designers Responsibility 4.1.1 The designer shall in all cases assume full responsibility for the design and prepare detailed drawings, calculations and all other documents comprising the design. The designer is solely responsible for strictly complying with all the applicable provisions of this Standard, as well as all legal conditions that may affect the mechanical design of industrial piping. The designer shall also follow all requirements of the specific standards of each of the industrial units mentioned in item 1.1. 4.1.2 For LPG tank farms, the provisions of PETROBRAS standard N-1645 shall also be considered. 4.1.3 Total or partial release or acceptance of the design by PETROBRAS does not reduce the responsibility of the designer for the design. 4.2 Design Presentation The design shall be presented as specified in PETROBRAS standard N-1692. 4.3 Materials 4.3.1 The piping material standardization sheets of PETROBRAS standard N-76 shall be adopted in the design, the scope of which shall be defined in PETROBRAS standard N-1693.

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4.3.2 For services not covered by any piping material standardization sheet mentioned in item 4.3.1, the designer shall prepare material standardization sheets using the form standardized by PETROBRAS standard N-1647 and all applicable spaces shall be filled in. For preparation of these standardization sheets the recommendations of PETROBRAS standard N-1693 shall be followed. 4.3.3 The materials of the standardization sheets prepared by the designer shall be those included in ISO, ABNT, ASTM, ASME and API standards. Materials according to other standards may only be used if authorized by PETROBRAS. 4.3.4 For operating temperatures above 15 C the recommendations contained in TABLE 1 shall be considered. In corrosive services, the temperature limits shall be established case by case.

TABLE 1 - TEMPERATURE LIMIT OF MATERIAL

Temperature Limit (C) Material Mechanical Resistance

(See Note 1)

Surface Oxidation

(See Note 2)

Carbon Steels of Structural Quality (A-120) 100 530

Unkilled Carbon Steels (Qualified Materials) (A-53, API 5L) 400 530

Killed Carbon Steels, with Si (A-106) 430 530 Alloy Steels 1/2 Mo 500 530 Alloy Steels 1 1/4 Cr - 1/2 Mo 530 530 Alloy Steels 2 1/4 Cr - 1 Mo 530 570 Alloy Steels 5 Cr - 1/2 Mo 480 600 Stainless Steels 405, 410 470 700 Stainless Steels 304, 316 (see Note 3) 600 800 Stainless Steels 304L, 316L 430 800 Stainless Steels 310 600 800

Notes: 1) Mechanical resistance limits occur at the maximum temperatures where the

material still presents an acceptable resistance for the application. 2) Surface oxidation limits occur at temperatures above those in which the material

starts undergoing a very intense surface oxidation; in no case shall these limits be exceeded for continuous operation.

3) For design temperatures above 550 C, use of type H stainless steels is recommended. [Recommended Practice]

4.3.5 For operating temperatures below 15 C, PETROBRAS standard N-1693 shall be consulted.

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4.3.6 For any process piping, the smallest nominal diameter is 3/4. Piping with a minimum nominal diameter of 1/2 is permitted for connections of orifice flanges, utilities and for auxiliary machine (pump) lines. [Recommended Practice] 4.3.7 Use of piping with the following nominal diameters shall be avoided: 1/4, 3/8, 3 1/2, and 5. Small sections of pipes or accessories are permitted for direct connection to the equipment. The nominal diameter of 2 1/2 shall be used only for fire water systems. 4.3.8 The wall thicknesses of steel pipes shall be the values standardized in ASME standards B36.10 and ASME B36.19, contained in PETROBRAS standards N-76 and N-1693. 4.3.9 In order to avoid difficulties when purchasing valves or fittings, large diameter piping should have the following standard diameters: 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60. [Recommended Practice] 4.4 Calculation Criteria Mechanical calculations for the piping design shall comply with the criteria of PETROBRAS standard N-1673. 4.5 Piping Identification All piping shall be assigned an identification code in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1522, unless otherwise indicated by PETROBRAS. The identification for each piping shall be conspicuously shown on all drawings (such as: flow diagrams, plans, and isometrics), lists, data sheets, and other design documents where the referenced piping appears or is mentioned. 4.6 Coordinates and Elevations 4.6.1 The location of all buildings, equipment, and piping, as well as roadways, land boundaries, area limits, and any other relevant information pertaining to locations shall be included on the drawings by means of coordinates referring to a system comprised of 2 orthogonal axes referred to as Project North-South and Project East-West. In expansion projects for existing units the same coordinates system of the initial project shall be used. For floating facilities, such as platforms and tankers, the coordinates may refer to the bow, stern, port side, and starboard. 4.6.2 Unless otherwise indicated, the basic elevations of floors, equipment bases, and structures shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1674. 4.7 Thermal Insulation 4.7.1 The design and installation of the thermal insulation for piping shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS standards N-250, N-550, N-894, and N-896.

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4.7.2 Piping with thermal insulation shall be indicated according to PETROBRAS standards N-58 and N-59, on the piping Data Sheet and in the required design documents. 4.8 Heat Tracing The external heat tracing design shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-42. 4.9 Fabrication and Assembly Fabrication and assembly of piping shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-115. 5 GENERAL PIPING ARRANGEMENT 5.1 The piping layout shall be the most economical as far as process, assembly, operation, safety, and maintenance needs are concerned. The possibility of future expansion shall be considered in the piping arrangements, with an area being set aside for that purpose. 5.2 As a general rule, piping shall be installed above ground. 5.2.1 In terminals, tank farms, and supply bases, buried piping is permitted. The designer shall assess the benefits of this solution, considering safety requirements as well. 5.2.2 In refineries, general processing units and petrochemical industries, buried piping is only allowed for drainage and for fire piping within processing units. 5.2.3 Piping with thermal insulation or heat tracing shall not, in principle, be buried. When this is strictly necessary, care shall be taken with respect to heat preservation, thereby ensuring insulation integrity and allowing thermal expansion. 5.3 The minimum height above the ground or floor for any piping that is not located underground, within or outside processing areas, shall be at least 300 mm, measured from the outside bottom of the pipe. This height shall always be increased, when necessary, for the installation of accessories on the bottom part of the pipes such as, for example, legs for collecting condensate and drains with valves. 5.4 Piping inside ditches shall be avoided. This type of construction is permitted for drainage piping, cooling water piping and wastewater piping, within processing units, and for machine suction piping, where no other viable solution is available.

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5.5 Piping shall form parallel groups, with the same elevation of the outside bottom of pipe (bottom elevation). Whenever possible, these parallel groups shall have an orthogonal project direction (North-South or East-West), or vertical direction. Piping operating at high temperatures shall be placed externally to the group of parallel pipes and at the highest point of the pipeway in order to facilitate the placement of expansion bends. Heavier pipes shall be located at the lowest elevation of the pipe rack and closer to the pipe rack columns. Groups of parallel horizontal pipes shall have different elevations for different directions. Piping branching off to various units or to equipment on one side or the other of a central pipeway shall preferably be located at the center of the pipeway. For economic reasons, large diameter pipes or those made of special materials may be dealt with differently from the ones described above (see FIGURE A-3, references 4 and 6). 5.6 Within processing areas, the largest possible part of the piping shall be installed on elevated pipeways (pipe racks), as shown in FIGURE A-1. Whenever provision is made for traffic of vehicles, the height of those pipeways shall be such as to allow a piping arrangement with clear spaces of at least 4 m in height by 3 m wide. When only traffic of people is considered, the height may be reduced to 3 m and the width to 1,5 m. When traffic of load handling or lifting equipment is expected to occur, the spaces beneath the pipe racks shall be suitable for these equipment items. Pipe sections close to the floor level are permitted, provided they do not obstruct trafficways of vehicles and people. Due to process or economic reasons, properly supported piping installed at high points directly interconnecting equipment is permitted. 5.7 Interconnection piping outside process areas shall be installed, whenever possible, on supports at a short distance from the floor. When crossing streets or avenues, piping shall be installed in trenches (pipeways) allowing the passage of vehicles on bridges over the pipes as shown in FIGURE A-2. In special cases, non-construction of a trench shall be assessed (crossings of fire piping or individual piping). Trench depth shall be the smallest possible and sufficient to:

a) allow construction of bridges; b) allow a branch of the largest diameter pipe to pass beneath the street; c) leave a sufficient clearance to allow personnel to pass beneath the bridges for

inspection and painting of piping. 5.8 Pipes on elevated pipeways shall be arranged in such a way that the small diameters lines lie between 2 large diameter lines, allowing the former to rest on the latter, thereby reducing the need for intermediate supports. 5.9 All elevated piping shall be designed in such a manner as to not obstruct access for people. Piping shall not rest on platforms or walkways. 5.10 Some space shall always be set aside on elevated pipe supports (pipe racks or pipeways) for the passage of electrical cable and instrument ducts. These spaces, in principle, are indicated below (see FIGURE A-3, reference 8):

a) 800 x 300 mm - total space for electrical instrument ducts; b) 1 000 x 300 mm - electrical aerial interconnections for lighting and load feeding.

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5.10.1 In pipeways in general a space corresponding to 25 % of their width shall be provided for future expansion. 5.10.2 For each design and for each case the final dimensions of pipeways shall be approved by PETROBRAS. 5.11 The spacing between parallel pipes shall be at least the values given in PETROBRAS standard N-105, considering the displacements that may occur on piping due to thermal expansion. 5.12 When routing the piping special attention shall be paid to those cases where certain conditions are required by the process, such as: constant slope, absence of high points, and minimum head loss. 5.13 All piping shall be arranged in such a manner as to allow fast and safe access to equipment, valves, and instruments, for maintenance as well as operation (see FIGURE A-3, reference 13). Piping and supports shall be located in such a way as to allow all removable parts to be easily dismantled and removed. 5.14 Whenever possible, all discharge nozzles of pump assemblies shall be aligned. 5.15 Expansion loops shall be placed at a point above the piping level (spatial), except when this is not allowed for process reasons (piping with a constant slope, two-phase flow, and some pump suction lines). Expansion loops in the vertical plane shall be avoided. 5.16 All utility, washing and flushing oil connections as well as lines of safety valves shall be installed on top of the trunk line (see item 5.21). 5.17 Changes in direction shall meet the requirements set forth in items 5.17.1 to 5.17.5. 5.17.1 Changes in pipe direction shall be made using bends, elbows, tees, crosses or by bending the pipe itself. The use of flanged tees shall be minimized. 5.17.2 Pipe bending shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of PETROBRAS standard N-115. 5.17.3 For pipe bending using the conventional method, the mean bend radius shall be, at least, five times the nominal pipe diameter. For pipe bending using the high frequency induction method, mean bend radii of up to 1,5 times the nominal diameter may be used, depending on the execution procedure to be approved by PETROBRAS. [Recommended Practice] 5.17.4 Miter bends shall be designed according to ASME standard B31.3.

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5.17.5 In all of the above cases, when the bend does not have a long radius, the drawings shall indicate which bend was used. 5.18 The use of flanges shall be minimized and shall be usually allowed only for connecting valves, vessels, tanks, pumps or other equipment. Pipes that need to be frequently disassembled for cleanup or inspection and those having an internal lining may be flanged. 5.19 Thermally insulated piping shall obligatorily be provided with skids or cradles (see item 11.10.3) for protection of the thermal insulation, regardless of the piping material, diameter or service (see FIGURE A-3, reference 7). 5.20 All flanges shall be placed in a manner allowing vertical or North-South project lines to pass through the middle of the interval between 2 holes (see FIGURE A-4). 5.21 For pipes having a diameter of 30 or larger, carrying liquid or subject to dynamic forces or whose head loss is critical, branches may be made to 45 with respect to the flow direction. [Recommended Practice] 6 LAYOUT OF PIPING CONNECTED TO EQUIPMENT 6.1 General Conditions 6.1.1 On intake piping of any machine (such as pumps, turbines and compressors) a temporary strainer shall be provided in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-118, except when there is a permanent strainer on the piping. The temporary strainer shall be installed in such a manner as to allow it to be easily placed and removed. 6.1.2 The forces and moments caused by the piping on nozzles of any machine (due to thermal expansion, own weight, or any other factor) shall be below the allowable limits provided by the manufacturers of those machines. The values provided in API standards STD 610, API STD 611, API STD 612, API STD 617, and NEMA SM 23 may be taken as a preliminary indication. It shall be noted, however, that use of those standards is only possible for the machines designed and built in accordance with all the requirements of those standards. 6.1.3 Piping shall be designed in such a way that vessels and equipment can be easily blocked for maintenance without posing any risks. Blocking shall be done by means of block valves and spectacle blinds (Figure 8 blanks) placed at strategic points of the piping, and easily accessed from the ground or from any platform or operating floor, defined according to PETROBRAS during the detailed design. Figure 8 blanks shall be depicted on engineering flow sheets. 6.1.3.1 For supported piping connected to bottom nozzles of equipment, adjustable supports shall be provided in order to allow paddle blanks to be inserted.

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6.1.3.2 When no provision is made for these blanking parts, the piping arrangement shall allow valves or other components to be removed for the installation of blind flanges, caps or plugs. 6.2 Piping Connected to Pumps 6.2.1 The piping arrangement shall be such as to allow for easy and free access for pump operation and maintenance, as well as for removal of the pump and driver, minimizing disassembly on piping to the greatest extent possible. A minimum space of 1 500 mm shall be provided on the pump driver side (see FIGURE A-3, reference 19). FIGURES A-3 and A-5 show some typical arrangements. 6.2.2 Pump operation valves shall be easily accessible, avoiding operation by drive chains or extension rods. 6.2.3 Drains shall be provided upstream from suction valves at the lowest point and downstream from check valves at the discharge point, in order to allow full drainage and pipe cleaning operations with pumps blocked (see FIGURE A-6 and PETROBRAS standard N-108). Note: When it is possible to drain the suction piping through the pump, a drain upstream

from the suction valve may be dispensed with. [Recommended Practice] 6.2.4 Routing of suction piping shall be as short and direct as possible, without high or low points, and taking into consideration the thermal flexibility required for the lines. 6.2.5 Installation of valves close to pumps shall comply with the following criteria:

a) pumps with flooded suction or parallel pumps suctioning from the same trunk line: mandatory installation of a block valve close to the suction nozzle of each pump; this valve is not recommended for pumps with non-flooded suction, and that are not in parallel with other pumps;

b) pumps with non-flooded suction: mandatory installation of a check valve (foot valve) at the free end of the suction line, sufficiently immersed in the liquid of the suction tank;

c) discharge piping (in all cases): mandatory installation of a block valve close to the discharge nozzle of each pump;

d) pumps discharging to a higher static level or parallel pumps discharging to the same trunk line: mandatory installation of a check valve close to the discharge nozzle of each pump, in addition to the block valve in paragraphs c).

6.2.6 Special care shall be taken with respect to piping connected to reciprocating pumps, in order to avoid undesirable vibrations in the systems. 6.2.7 When the diameter of the pump nozzle is smaller than the piping connected to the nozzle, TABLE 2 should be used for the sizing of valves close to the pump. [Recommended Practice]

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TABLE 2 - VALVE SIZING

Nozzle Nominal Nozzle Diameter Nominal Valve Diameter

One diameter smaller than the piping. Same diameter as the piping. Suction

2 or more nominal diameters smaller than the piping.

One nominal diameter smaller than the piping

Discharge Smaller than the piping One nominal diameter larger than the nozzle 6.2.8 When the diameter of the suction piping is larger than the pump intake nozzle, the reduction placed adjacent to the pump shall be in accordance with FIGURES A-5 and A-6. 6.2.9 Branches for 2 or more pumps operating in parallel, suctioning from the same trunk line, as well as for double suction centrifugal pumps, shall be as symmetrical as possible, with the same head loss, so as to prevent preferential flow through a branch. 6.2.10 For systems operating at temperatures higher than 300 C, a standby pump shall be kept warm by means of fluid recirculation, as indicated in the diagram shown in FIGURE A-7. 6.2.11 Positive displacement pumps shall be provided with a bypass and a vent valve at the discharge with the same pump flow capacity. 6.2.12 Discharge piping of dosing pumps shall meet the requirements stipulated by the manufacturer. 6.3 Piping Connected to Turbines 6.3.1 The same requirements and recommendations of items 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 are applicable; FIGURE A-8 shows a typical diagram. 6.3.2 Turbine steam intake piping, shall preferably, be vertical, with a downward flow. 6.3.3 A pressure relief system shall be installed at the turbine outlet piping and before any valve. This relief system is not necessary when the turbine discharges directly to the atmosphere. 6.3.4 Turbine intake piping shall be fitted with a steam trap installed at the low point immediately before the regulating or control valve.

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6.3.5 A permanent strainer shall be provided at the turbine intake piping, whenever there is no integral strainer in the turbine itself. This strainer shall be placed as close as possible to the intake nozzle. 6.3.6 When 2 or more pumps share a control valve, block valves shall be provided at the intake nozzle of each turbine. Block valves shall also be provided at the discharge of each turbine. 6.3.7 A steam trap system shall be provided at the steam intake piping even if the turbine has an automatic steam trap. 6.4 Piping Connected to Vessels 6.4.1 Piping shall be arranged in such a manner as to not obstruct access for operation, maintenance and tests. All manhole covers as well as other removable parts of the vessels shall be left completely unobstructed. Clearances required between piping and vessels shall be as shown in FIGURES A-3 and A-9. 6.4.2 For vertical vessels, nozzles connected to piping and instruments shall be grouped together preferably in 1 or 2 sectors properly chosen on the vessel shell. 6.4.3 All valves shall be accessible for operation from the floor or platform. 6.4.4 Forces imposed by piping on vessel nozzles (due to thermal expansion, weights etc.) cannot cause stresses larger than those allowed on the nozzles. Piping flexibility analysis shall consider vessel nozzle displacements due to thermal expansion of the vessels. 6.5 Piping Connected to Heat Exchangers 6.5.1 The same requirements in item 6.4.4 are applicable. 6.5.2 Piping shall be arranged so as to allow removal of tube bundles, channels, and shell covers minimizing disassembly of tubes to the greatest possible extent. There shall be no piping in the area in front of the channel cover, within the space needed for tube bundle removal. There shall also be sufficient space left in the entire perimeter of shell and channel flanges to allow bolts to be dismounted from those flanges (see FIGURE A-3, reference 1). 6.5.3 Provision shall be made in the piping design for an area for cleaning operations, with water taps, electrical outlets, access to machines, lighting, as well as a structure to remove tube bundles (fixed or movable); the need for a hoist or a fixed overhead crane shall be analyzed (FIGURE A-3, reference 20). 6.5.4 Cooling water piping connected to heat exchangers shall be arranged in such a way as to prevent water from being drained by the outlet piping in the event of a feed failure.

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6.5.5 Air coolers shall have block valves on suction and discharge piping. 6.5.6 The arrangement shall provide for blocking (even in series) and bypass piping whenever heat exchangers are subject to individual in-service maintenance. 6.5.7 In the case of heat exchangers stacked one on top of the other, Figures 8 blanks shall be provided in order to allow individual hydrostatic testing of the equipment. 6.6 Piping Connected to Compressors 6.6.1 The arrangement of compressor piping shall facilitate dismantling of the housing and removal of inside parts. 6.6.2 The suction piping arrangement, with a connection to the atmosphere, shall be such as to prevent moisture penetration into the compressor. Long suction lines shall be avoided, and where necessary, liquid separators shall be installed close to the compressor. FIGURES A-10 and A-11 show some typical arrangements. 6.6.3 Low points in suction lines shall be avoided, and piping shall be as straight as possible so as to avoid surge and head loss problems. Whenever necessary, provision shall be made for removal of accumulated condensate and dirt. Suction lines shall preferably have an upward flow. Air intakes for air compressor shall be located away from windows, chimneys, gas discharges, or any other source of air contamination, and shall not be positioned at a point that restricts suction. 6.6.4 Piping connected to the compressor shall not transmit excessive forces due to weights and thermal expansion, according to the provisions in item 6.1.2. Anchoring, supports or expansion joints shall be provided to minimize the effects of pulsation and vibrations. Supports shall be conveniently spaced to prevent vibrations. In the case of a reciprocating compressor, the equipment and driver base and piping supports connected to the compressor shall be build separately from the foundations, structure, and cover. Piping shall preferably not have supports on the compressor foundation block. 6.6.5 Compressor operation valves shall be accessible from the floor or platforms. 6.6.6 Condensate drained from each pressure stage shall be collected by independent piping. When there is a single condensate piping, proper means shall be provided to prevent the high-pressure condensate from returning to the lower pressure stages. 6.6.7 Safety valves, with a capacity equal to that of the compressor, shall be provided between the compressor discharge and the block valve, and in the interstage piping. 6.6.8 Pulsation damper vessels shall be placed as close as possible to the compressor discharge and, if necessary, at the suction line.

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6.6.9 Suction line filters shall be provided. 6.6.10 Steam traps shall be installed at low points of compressed air distribution piping. 7 REQUIREMENTS FOR SDP IN CRITICAL OR HAZARDOUS SERVICES Design requirements for the following piping systems are presented below:

a) process lines, their bypasses and thermal relief; b) auxiliary valve lines: flushing, blowdown, bypass, and equalization; c) lines of auxiliary product pump systems; d) instrumentation and control lines on equipment and piping.

Note: Drains and vents installed on piping shall comply with the specifications of

PETROBRAS standard N-108. 7.1 Requirements for Small Diameter Process Piping 7.1.1 Small diameter process piping is considered to be the following piping systems: process piping, branches, thermal relief connections and PSVs, as well as auxiliary valve lines (flushing, blowdown, bypass and equalization). 7.1.2 Requirements for Piping Material Standardization 7.1.2.1 SDP materials shall comply with PETROBRAS standard N-76. 7.1.2.2 For critical or hazardous services use plain-end seamless pipes, with a minimum nominal diameter of 1, except for drains and vents which shall be, at least, 3/4 and for orifice plate connections which shall be 1/2. 7.1.3 Requirements for Mechanical Design 7.1.3.1 There shall be a detailed design, with isometric and field as-built drawings. 7.1.3.2 The nut of clamp type supports shall be spot welded and a wear plate shall be installed between the pipe and the clamp. 7.1.3.3 It is not permissible to weld supports of piping on machines and piping with possibility of vibration. 7.1.3.4 In the case of thermal insulation of stainless steel piping, an aluminum foil shall be installed between the line and the insulating material to prevent condensation of the moisture found on the thermal insulation on the pipe.

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7.2 Requirements for SDP of Auxiliary Product Pump Systems 7.2.1 According to API standard 610, auxiliary pump systems are considered to be the following services:

a) auxiliary process fluid piping; b) steam piping; c) cooling-water piping; d) lubricating oil piping.

7.2.2 For the piping in item 7.2.1, according to API standard 610, the pump manufacturer is responsible for design and supply, within the limits of the pump base, and the requirements of item 7.2.3 below shall be met. 7.2.3 General Requirements 7.2.3.1 Easy operation and maintenance shall be ensured, properly arranging the piping on the contour of the pump base without obstructing access. 7.2.3.2 The lines shall have their own detailed design with field as-built drawings. 7.2.3.3 Provision shall be made for complete drainage of the pump without dismantling the piping. 7.2.3.4 The formation of an air pocket in the pump shall be prevented. 7.2.3.5 Materials according to API standard SDT 614 shall be used. The corrosion allowance adopted shall be compatible with the corrosion rate expected for the pumped fluid. 7.2.3.6 A 150 mm long nipple shall be provided with a pair of flanges, on all auxiliary piping, as close as possible to the pump to facilitate dismantling and removal. 7.2.3.7 PIs and TIs shall have blocking and draining arrangements and be installed on adjacent lines interconnected to the pump with a threaded coupling, never on the pump body. 7.2.3.8 For dismantling piping, a pair of flanges shall be used instead of a union. 7.2.3.9 Slip-on or lap joint type flanges are not allowed. Socket-weld flanges shall be used. 7.2.3.10 Valves and accessories of the type with socked weld ends shall be used.

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7.2.3.11 For fabrication and assembly inspection, the provisions of PETROBRAS standard N-115 are applied. 7.2.3.12 It is not permissible to weld piping supports to dynamic equipment. 7.2.3.13 For thermal insulation of stainless steel piping, an aluminum sheet shall be installed between the piping and the insulation to prevent condensation of the moisture found on the thermal insulation on the pipe. 7.2.4 Specific Requirements for Auxiliary Process Fluid Piping Piping connected to the pump body:

a) balance lines; b) quench lines; c) priming lines; d) recirculation lines; e) flushing or blowdown lines; f) sealing lines; g) external fluid injection lines; h) lines between the mechanical seal and the pump; i) vent and drain lines.

7.2.4.1 The requirements of API standards STD 614 and API STD 682 and those of PETROBRAS standard N-553 and N-2543 shall be adopted. 7.2.4.2 Carrier Pipe

a) materials (see TABLE 3);

TABLE 3 - CARRIER PIPE MATERIALS

Material Application Limit

ASTM A 106 Gr B Temperature 260 C

ASTM A 335 Gr P5 SC Temperature > 260 C Cl content> 10 ppm ASTM A 312 Gr TP316 SC Temperature > 260 C Cl content 10 ppm

b) end: plain end; c) thickness limits according to PETROBRAS standard N-1673.

TABLE 4 - CANCELLED - AMENDMENT MAY/2006

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7.2.4.3 Heat exchanger pipe:

a) material: ASTM A 269 Gr 316, annealed, with a maximum hardness of 25 HRC, for a Cl content 10 ppm;

b) minimum thickness: 1 mm; c) for interconnection to threaded ends, use ring type connections according to

ASTM A 564 Gr 630, 1/4 - 3/4 - 3 000# - CCT x RO - ASTM A 182 Gr F316 and nut according to ASTM A 182 Gr F316;

d) for interconnection to socket weld ends of carbon steel pipes, use ring type connections: 1/4 - 3/4 - 3 000# - CCT x ES - ASTM A 105 and nut according to ASTM A 105 coated as specified in Note 11 of PETROBRAS standard N-76.

7.2.4.4 Use accessories, valves, and flanges with socket-weld ends. 7.2.4.5 Threaded fittings shall only be used where strictly necessary, such as on slip-on connections of mechanical seals and flushing connections of stuffing boxes. 7.2.5 Specific Requirements for Steam Piping 7.2.5.1 Copper piping shall not be used. 7.2.5.2 Carrier pipe:

a) material: ASTM A 106 Gr B; b) end: plain end; c) thickness limits (see TABLE 5).

TABLE 5 - THICKNESS LIMIT FOR CARRIER PIPE - STEAM PIPING

Diameter range Minimum thickness 1/2 to 1 1/2 SCH 80

7.2.5.3 Heat exchanger pipe:

a) material: ASTM A 269 Gr 316, annealed, with a maximum hardness of 25 HRC, for a Cl content 10 ppm;

b) minimum thickness: 1 mm; c) for interconnection to threaded ends, use ring type connections according to

ASTM A 564 Gr 630, 1/4 - 3/4 - 3 000# - CCT x RO - ASTM A 182 Gr F316 and nut according to ASTM A 182 Gr F316;

d) for interconnection to socket weld ends of carbon steel pipes, use ring type connection: 1/4 - 3/4 - 3 000# - CCT x ES - ASTM A 105 and nut according to ASTM A 105 coated as specified in Note 11 of PETROBRAS standard N-76.

7.2.5.4 Use accessories, valves and welded flanges with socket weld ends.

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7.2.6 Specific Requirements for Cooling-Water Piping 7.2.6.1 Carrier pipe:

a) material: galvanized carbon steel; b) end: plain end; c) thickness limits (see TABLE 6).

TABLE 6 - THICKNESS LIMIT FOR CARRIER PIPE - COOLING WATER

Diameter Range Minimum Thickness 1/2 to 1 1/2 SCH 80

7.2.6.2 Heat exchanger pipe:

a) material: ASTM A 269 Gr 316, annealed, with a maximum hardness of 25 HRC, for a Cl content 10 ppm;

b) minimum thickness: 1 mm; c) for interconnection to threaded ends, use ring type connections according to

ASTM A 564 Gr 630, 1/4 - 3/4 - 3 000# - CCT x RO - ASTM A 182 Gr F316 and nut according to ASTM A 182 Gr F316;

d) for interconnection to socket weld ends of carbon steel pipes, use ring type connections: 1/4 - 3/4 - 3 000# - CCT x ES - ASTM A 105 and nut according to ASTM A 105 coated as specified in Note 11 of PETROBRAS standard N-76.

7.2.7 Specific Requirements for Lubricating Oil Piping 7.2.7.1 Carbon steel pipe either requiring or not requiring cleaning shall not be used. 7.2.7.2 Carrier pipe:

a) material: ASTM A 312 Gr TP316 SC; b) end: plain end; c) thickness limits (see TABLE 7).

TABLE 7 - THICKNESS LIMIT FOR CARRIER PIPE - LUBRICATING OIL

Diameter Range Minimum Thickness 1/2 to 1 1/2 SCH 80S

7.2.7.3 Heat exchanger pipe:

a) material: ASTM A 269 Gr 316, annealed, with a maximum hardness of 25 HRC, for a Cl content 10 ppm;

b) minimum thickness: 1 mm;

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c) for interconnection to threaded ends, use ring type connections according to ASTM A 564 Gr 630, 1/4 - 3/4 - 3 000# - CCT x RO - ASTM A 182 Gr F316 and nut according to ASTM A 182 Gr F316;

d) for interconnection to socket weld ends of carbon steel pipes, use ring type connections: 1/4 - 3/4 - 3 000# - CCT x ES - ASTM A 105 and nut according to ASTM A 105 coated as specified in Note 11 of PETROBRAS standard N-76.

7.2.7.4 On lines after the oil reservoir and up to the bearing box the accessories, valves, and flanges shall have butt-weld ends without using joint filler. Only in the case of lines returning to the oil reservoir will socket welds be allowed. Threaded connections are used on instrument fittings and where tubing lines are used. 7.2.7.5 Horizontal sections shall have a slope (greater than 1:50) toward the oil reservoir. 7.2.7.6 Branches shall be minimized and enter to an angle of 45 in the direction of flow of the main line. 7.2.7.7 Clean piping with solvent before operation. 7.3 Requirements for SDP of Instrumentation and Control Systems 7.3.1 This item establishes the requirements for SDP of instrumentation and control systems interconnected to equipment and piping operating in critical or hazardous services. 7.3.2 The requirements of PETROBRAS standards N-858, N-1882 and N-1931 shall be adopted. 7.3.3 Requirements for Instrument Line Connections 7.3.3.1 On interconnections of impulse lines of instruments, orifice flanges, and transmitters to piping and equipment, the materials of pipes, accessories, and valves shall comply with the requirements of PETROBRAS standard N-76 and with the additional requirements of this Standard up to the first block valve. The block valve separating the equipment or piping from the instrument shall be accessible and follow the corresponding piping specification, according to FIGURE 1. Thread termination for instrument or transmitter connections (including orifice flange connections) is not permitted, and socket weld connections shall be used instead. An exception would be threaded fitting for installation and removal of pressure gages. In this case, use a graphite-based sealing paste. Use of 1)Teflon or copper based tape is forbidden.

1) Teflon marca registrada da DuPont para resinas, filmes, fitas e fibras de politetrafluoretileno (PTFE), sendo um exemplo adequado de um produto comercialmente disponvel. Esta informao dada para facilitar aos usurios na utilizao desta Norma e no significa uma recomendao do produto citado por parte da PETROBRAS. possvel ser utilizado produto comprovadamente equivalente, desde que conduza a resultado igual.

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HALF COUPLING

MINIMUM

SEE PETROBRAS STANDARD N-76INSTRUMENTATION LINE OR INPULSE LINE(PETROBRAS STANDARD N-1931)

LOCAL ORFIELD PANEL

OPTICAL FIBER CABLE

NIPPLEFIELD TRANSMITTEROR INSTRUMENT

FIGURE 1 - INTERCONNECTIONS OF INSTRUMENT LINE CONNECTIONS 7.3.3.2 Instrument line connections shall be installed and mounted according to the quality control requirements of PETROBRAS standard N-115, and respecting the same criteria of the selected standardization of PETROBRAS standard N-76, with respect to NDT, heat treatment and tightness and pressure tests. 7.3.3.3 For the installation of field recording instruments and transmitters, the length of the line from the interconnection to the piping or equipment shall be the shortest possible (See FIGURE 1). If access is required to the instrument or transmitter and, as a result, the line is long, it shall be properly supported. As a general rule, do not use a pedestal type support for field instruments; support shall be provided on the body of the equipment or piping to prevent rupture of the interconnecting line. 7.3.4 PSV Piping In the installation of thermal relief valves on piping, the length of the piping between the connection and the PSV shall be the shortest possible, with support being provided when there is risk of vibration. Note: For the other small diameter piping not fitting the descriptions of items 7.1, 7.2 and

7.3, the general requirements contained in the body of this Standard are valid. 8 VALVES 8.1 General Considerations 8.1.1 All valves shall be installed in such a way as to facilitate operation and allow dismantling or removal when necessary. Lever operated valves shall be installed with sufficient clearance to allow the lever to be operated. Motorized valves shall also have access for manual operation.

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8.1.2 Valves that are frequently operated shall be placed in a position where they can be easily operated from the floor or platform. When valve stem is horizontally mounted, valve elevation above operating floor shall be 1 900 mm, at most. For higher elevations, valves may be installed with chain drive (See FIGURE A-3, reference 10) provided they are not frequently operated. 8.1.3 For valves located beneath platforms or in trenches, extension stems may be used. 8.1.4 Valves shall be placed at all times in such a way as to ensure that their stems or levers will not obstruct or prevent passage of operation and maintenance personnel. 8.1.5 No valve shall be placed with its stem pointing downward. 8.1.6 Valves fitted with a bypass shall be installed with a block valve in steam piping at the limit of the unit, when specified by the design or material standardization. 8.1.7 As a general rule, in all piping systems, the number of valves shall be the smallest possible, compatible with the operation, maintenance, and safety needs of the plant. Some cases where installation of valves is needed, in addition to those shown on the engineering flow sheets or required in accordance with other items of this Standard, are listed below:

a) battery limits of processing units and property boundaries: usually block valves are required for all piping. At the limits of units, provision shall be made for the installation of a spectacle blind (Figure 8 blank) close to the valves;

b) utilization points (as close as possible) in all utility piping (see item 11.6). c) steam process lines interconnected to any equipment, or process line, shall

have a check valve installed as close as possible to the interconnection point, or between the interconnection point and the block valve, where applicable;

d) fuel oil or fuel gas lines for furnaces and boilers shall have a block valve installed away from the furnace or boiler at a location accessible for emergency operation;

e) outlet piping of any equipment, where there is the possibility of flow inversion: placement of a check valve;

f) all equipment that may be temporarily taken out of service without interrupting unit operation: placement of block valves near all nozzles; consider the need for double blocking arrangements, with a locking mechanism, for level gauges in hydrogen vessels and other hazardous situations;

g) systems where reciprocal contamination cannot be allowed: placement of 2 block valves (one after the other), with a drain between them, at all system interconnection points;

h) at points of interconnection of temporary systems with final tie-ins, block valves usually need to be installed as well;

i) at points where new branches are installed with trunk in operation (use of Hot Tapping Machine): a block valve has to be installed. If this valve is the definitive one, it shall be properly located to facilitate normal operation.

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8.2 Safety and Relief Valves 8.2.1 Piping containing liquids shall be fitted with relief valves in the sections between 2 block valves. 8.2.2 Safety valves shall preferably discharge to the top of a collecting pipe. This collecting pipe cannot have low points. Piping between the safety valve and the collector shall have a constant downward slope towards the collector. When this arrangement is not possible, a drainage line having a diameter of at least 3/4 shall be provided, branched from the lowest point of the piping and extending up to a safe location. 8.2.3 A 10 mm diameter drain hole shall be provided in the atmospheric safety valve discharge pipe. 8.2.4 Discharge from any safety valve to atmosphere shall be located in such a way as to not reach personnel or equipment. 8.2.5 Safety valves shall be located close to the piping or equipment to be protected. When this is not possible, the head loss in the valve inlet piping shall be checked in accordance with API standard RP 520. 8.2.6 Block valves shall not be used between protected equipment and piping and safety and relief valves, as well as between these valves and the discharge points, except under the conditions stipulated in ASME standard B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8. 8.2.7 The safety and relief valve discharge piping shall be properly supported considering vibrations and other dynamic effects inherent in the flow type. Easy access shall also be provided for maintenance of these valves. 8.3 Control Valves 8.3.1 Control valves shall be installed as shown in FIGURE A-12 where block valves (before and after) and a bypass line with a regulating valve shall be installed when this is not forbidden by the process. 8.3.2 As a general rule, the thickness for bypass, blocking, and control piping shall be in accordance with API standard RP 553 for control valves 12 and smaller, except where otherwise indicated in engineering flow sheets. For control valves with a nominal diameter larger than 12, these dimensions shall be defined for each case. It is recommended that regulating valves be of the globe type up to 8, and gate type for larger diameters. [Recommended Practice] 8.3.3 Sufficient space shall be left for dismantling and maintenance of the diaphragm and valve stem.

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8.3.4 Control valves shall be, whenever possible, located at floor level, in an easily accessible location. (see FIGURE A-3, reference 14). 8.3.5 Level control valves in vessels shall be installed in such a manner as to allow the level gauge to be visible during the operation of the bypass line regulating valve. 8.3.6 Proper supports shall be provided for control valves in order to avoid vibrations of valves. 8.3.7 When a control or regulating valve is manually operated and on a set with an indicating instrument (flow, pressure or other variable), the valve and the instrument shall be installed nearby so that the valve operator can observe the instrument. 9 EXPANSION JOINTS 9.1 The use of expansion joints shall be avoided whenever possible, and a route with changes in direction in the plane or in space is preferred, so that the piping has its own flexibility and does not cause loads or stresses greater than allowable values on equipment. 9.2 When expansion joints are used, the system shall be properly supported, anchored, and guided in a manner to ensure joints will not be subjected to the weight of piping or any forces or stresses greater than allowable values. 9.3 All expansion joints (except swivel joints) shall be obligatorily placed between 2 anchoring points, and between those points there can only be one expansion joint. By anchoring point it is meant the anchors and the points for connection to any equipment held in place by anchor bolts. 10 STEAM TRAP SYSTEMS FOR PIPING AND EQUIPMENT 10.1 Steam traps shall be provided in order to drain steam piping at the following points:

a) low points of piping; b) points where pipe elevation increases (in the direction of flow), with the steam

trap being placed at the lowest point as close as possible to the point where the elevation increases;

c) before all block, control, and check valves, as well as before ends closed with blind flanges, caps, or other blocking devices;

d) at the inlet of any steam machine; e) in long horizontal sections properly spaced.

10.2 Steam trap systems shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-116.

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10.3 In addition to the steam traps for draining steam piping, steam traps shall also be provided at the outlet of any equipment where steam is used for heating (heaters, coils, reboilers, steam jacketed vessels, and other equipment with a similar purpose). In this case, the steam trap shall be placed in the condensate outlet piping itself, as close as possible to the outlet nozzle of the equipment, as shown in FIGURES A-13 and A-14. 10.4 The steam trap discharge shall be made preferably to a condensate collection system, and discharge to the atmosphere can occur where this is more economically advantageous. In case the steam trap discharges to the atmosphere, the discharge pipe shall be located in such a manner that the steam jet will be directed towards the ground (preferably conducted to the local storm water drainage system) and will not be able to reach personnel or equipment. Dampers shall be used where necessary. 10.5 Steam traps shall be sized in line with the following criteria:

a) steam traps for drainage of steam lines: according to PETROBRAS standard N-116;

b) steam traps for outlet of heating devices: the capacity of these steam traps shall be equal to or greater than the steam consumption of the heating device.

11 PIPING SUPPORTS AND RESTRAINTS 11.1 The terminology and constructive details of supports and restraints shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1758. 11.2 All piping shall be properly supported, guided, and anchored, in order to avoid excessive stresses on the piping itself and on equipment connected to piping, as well as to limit displacements. Piping supports near nozzles of rotary equipment and bottom nozzles of static equipment shall be of the adjustable type so as to facilitate assembly, testing, and maintenance. 11.3 For the sizing of supports and restraints as well as their functions, the calculation criteria contained in PETROBRAS standard N-1673 shall be considered. 11.4 As a general rule, all equipment connected to the piping system shall be self supporting, and may not be supported by the piping. 11.5 The criterion for identification of supports and restraints shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1758. 11.6 The spans between piping supports shall not be greater than those specified in PETROBRAS standard N-46. For pipes made of other materials or of diameters and thicknesses not appearing in PETROBRAS standard N-46, the maximum spans shall be calculated as indicated in PETROBRAS standard N-1673.

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11.7 Pipes shall be left completely free to move on their supports, avoiding the use of clamps, hangers and other means of attachment of pipes to supports, except where special attachments are stipulated in the design (restraints, anchoring, guides and stops). 11.8 Spring supports shall be used at all points where the piping tends to lift from the supports, due to the expansion of the pipe itself, of equipment or other pipes connected to the pipe under consideration. 11.9 Anchoring shall be provided at the following points of the piping systems:

a) limits of process units and property boundaries; b) between 2 expansion joints (as recommended in item 9.3); c) between 2 expansion bends (loops), general straight piping.

11.10 Support of line on supports (see FIGURE A-3, reference 4). 11.10.1 All non-insulated piping having a nominal diameter equal to or smaller than 14 shall rest directly on support beams; for larger diameters cradles shall be used. 11.10.2 In installations subject to rainfall or high relative humidity causing severe external pipe corrosion in the gaps with the support (beams), saddles or skids may be used, at the discretion of the user, for pipes 1 1/2 in nominal diameter or larger. 11.10.3 Piping with thermal insulation, regardless of the type and purpose of the insulation, shall not rest directly on supports but shall use skids and cradles in order to prevent contact between the insulation and the supports. See PETROBRAS standard N-1758. 11.10.4 For hot pipes having a nominal diameter larger than 3/4, the skids and cradles shall be made of steel, 100 mm high and of sufficient length to easily accommodate thermal expansion movements, with a minimum length of 300 mm being required at all times. 11.10.5 For piping operating at low temperatures, skids and cradles shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-896. 11.11 For alloy steel piping, supports (skids and cradles) welded to the piping made of carbon steel will only be permitted if the stresses on the weld region do not jeopardize the performance of the component. 11.12 For pipes made of materials requiring heat treatment, no elements of skids, cradles, guides, and anchors shall be welded to the pipe, but should be preferably fastened by means of bolted clamps or other adequate means. When this is not possible, provision shall be made for a component welded to the pipe before heat treatment.

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12 MISCELLANEOUS 12.1 The installation of vents at all high points and drains at all low points is mandatory for any piping, in addition to those required by the process. Drains shall be provided above valves, in vertical sections, at the battery limits of the units or systems and on both sides of control valves. 12.2 The diameter and installation details of drains and vents shall be as indicated in the piping material standardization of each piping and according to PETROBRAS standard N-108. 12.3 Utility piping (steam, water, compressed air) shall be located, whenever possible, on one of the edges of the assembly of parallel pipes on a pipeway or on the elevated supports in processing units. 12.4 Blocking arrangements shall be provided in branches from the main utility lines in order to allow maintenance and/or isolation of these systems. 12.5 The basic design shall assess the need for steam injection in equipment for steam-out during start up and shut down operations of units and systems. 12.6 The following requirements shall be followed for utility stations (FIGURE A-3, reference 2).

a) steam, air, and water at ground level: utility stations shall be spaced in such a way that the entire area may be reached with a 15 m hose;

b) steam and air in alternating platforms of structures and vessels (to be located on platforms having access to manholes);

c) water and air piping for utility stations shall be 3/4 in diameter, whereas steam piping shall be 1;

d) each piping for utility stations shall have a globe valve with a quick connect system for hose.

12.7 The straight piping sections upstream and downstream from orifice flanges shall comply with API standard RP 551. Orifice flange installation at elevations equal to or lower than 5 m from the floor shall allow the use of mobile stairs. In all remaining cases platforms shall be installed. 12.8 Spectacle blinds (Figure 8 blanks) or paddle blinds (PETROBRAS standard N-120) shall be installed at the following points:

a) in all lines at the battery limits; b) in lines situated at system limits to be defined by the basic design; c) in steam injection points of pressure vessel and tank equipment; d) in equipment nozzles as defined in the basic design.

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/ANNEX A

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IR 1/1

INDEX OF REVISIONS

REV. A, B, C and D

There is no index of revisions.

REV. E

Affected Parts Description of Alteration

1 and 2 Reviewed

3.2 to 3.17 Included

4.1.2 Reviewed

4.1.3 Included

4.3.1, 4.3.5 Reviewed

4.3.7 Included

4.3.8 Reviewed

4.6.1 and 4.7.1 Reviewed

4.9 Reviewed

5.2.1 and 5.2.3 Reviewed

5.3, 5.4, 5.8 Included

5.17.3 Reviewed

5.21 Included 6.1.2, 6.1.3 and 6.1.3.1 Reviewed

6.2.8 and 6.2.12 Reviewed

6.5.6 and 6.6.3 Reviewed

6.6.10 Included

7.1 to 7.4 Included

8.1.7 and 8.2.6 Reviewed

8.3.7 Included

10.1,10.4 and 10.5 Reviewed 11.2, 11.3, 11.5, 11.8,11.10.2 and 11.10.3 Reviewed

11.11 Included 12.2, 12.3, 12.5 and 12.6 Reviewed

FIGURA A-3 Reviewed

FIGURA A-6 Reviewed

FIGURA A-9 Reviewed

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WORKING GROUP-WG-17-14

Members

Name Department Telephone Key

Bruno Cambraia Lemos RH/UP/ECTAB 801-3480 EE5N

Carlos Frederico Guimares Robbs AB-RE/ES/CN 814-7850 ED69

Eduardo de Araujo Saad ENGENHARIA/IEABAST/EAB/SE 819-3302 SG6J

Hernon Viana Filho E&P ENGP/IPMI/EISA 814-2575 K0M8

Joo Bosco Santini Pereira AB-RE/ES/TEE 814-3159 DPQ0

Jorivaldo Medeiros CENPES/EB-AB-G&E/EEQ 812-6227 BR15

Luiz Coimbra Montebello AB-RE/ES/TEE 814-6542 EG35

Otavio Lamas de Farias UN-BC/ENGP/EIS 861-2348 KMK6

Walter Ribeiro UN-REPLAN/EN/PCM 853-6263 RP3F

Secretrio Tcnico Paulo Cezar Correa Defelippe ENGENHARIA/SL/NORTEC 819-3079 EEM8

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