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Flooding and Migration: The Case of Hanoi

Nguyen Tuan AnhVietnam National University, Hanoi

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Main points An overview of Hanoi

Some flood features in Hanoi recently

Types of vulnerabilities of people living in communities

Migration shape peoples’ vulnerabilities in communities

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An overview of Hanoi Located in Red river Delta

Red river (the second largest river of Vietnam) flows through Hanoi city, come into the sea with annual capacity (60 billions m3)

Area: 3,328.9 km2

Population: 6,699,600 (in 2011)

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Some flood features in Hanoi recently

- Intensity per hour and total rainfall in a day at Hanoi trend to increase

- Inundation occurs more than usual and takes long time

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Boating in Ha Noi city in 2008

Inundation from 0,5m-1,0m, many areas from 1-1.5m.

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On 13 July 2010: Street or River?

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The heavy downpour flooded the crossroads of Quang Trung and Tran Quoc Toan streets on 9 August 2011

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On 19 August 2012

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What are the types of vulnerabilities of people living in communities that experience flooding?

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Human Vulnerability Loss of human life

Deterioration of health conditions owing to waterborne diseases

Disruptions to health care

Psychological impacts

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Economic Vulnerability Damage to property

Business interruption

Loss of livelihoods

Food scarcity

Increase in food prices

Disruptions to supplies of clean water, electricity, transport

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Social Vulnerability Increase in crime

Disruption to social affairs

Disruption to communication, education

Disruption to individual activities

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To what extent does migration shape these peoples’ vulnerabilities in communities that experience flooding?

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Migration in Hanoi Hanoi had migrants accounting for

6.6% of its population (2009)

An estimated 120,000-130,000 people migrated to Hanoi in 2010

Hanoi’s average population density in 2010 was 1962 people per square kilometer

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Year 2005 2007 2008 2009 Prel. 2010

In-migration rate

13.8 14.8 10.7 13.1 10.8

Out-migration rate

5.2 10.5 6.8 3.2 4.9

Net-migration rate

8.7 4.3 3.9 9.9 5.9

Migrant rate in Hanoi recently

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Jobs of migrants with low skills in Hanoi Construction: workers for construction works, construction material

production and exploitation (sand, gravel, brick, etc)

Carpentry: mainly employed by carpentry workshops and enterprises

Sawing miller: supplying materials for carpentry workshops and enterprises

Transportation: passenger bike, cyclo, tractor, etc

Waste collection and recycling: working in interval time between crops

Small trading: consuming goods are the main products

Employees for restaurants, hotels, barbers', etc.

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Vulnerabilities of Urban Migrants Migrants live in bad condition houses that are

often flooded and inundated

Unskilled migrants with low incomes meet difficulties with increase in food prices during flooding and inundation periods

Migrants without medical insurances meet difficulties with deterioration of health conditions owing to waterborne diseases

Unskilled migrants meet difficulties in seeking jobs when floods and inundation occur