What are people doing to try What are people doing to try and reduce disparities in and reduce disparities in development?development?

Let’s look at:Let’s look at:

NON GOVERNMENT NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS (NGOs)ORGANISATIONS (NGOs)

UNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS

Why are these groups Why are these groups helping?helping?Tanzania has more NGO’s than any Tanzania has more NGO’s than any

other country in East Africa (over other country in East Africa (over 2000)… Why?2000)… Why?

Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world.the world.

Tanzania is stable – no civil wars, little Tanzania is stable – no civil wars, little corruption, friendly and welcoming.corruption, friendly and welcoming.

Recent government policies encourage Recent government policies encourage external or overseas input and they are external or overseas input and they are perceived to be trying to help themselves. perceived to be trying to help themselves. (e.g. recent law changes for women rights)(e.g. recent law changes for women rights)

So what NGO’s are found So what NGO’s are found in Tanzania?in Tanzania?

Various NGO organisation

s around Tanzania

And what about the United And what about the United Nations?Nations?

Signs found in Kigoma – all these agencies work with poor rural communities

Working to improve Working to improve Health…Health…

The The Red Cross in TanzaniaRed Cross in Tanzania have…have…

Vaccinated over 14 million Vaccinated over 14 million children, saving an children, saving an estimated 15,000 lives.estimated 15,000 lives.

Trained 1000’s of health Trained 1000’s of health care workers to run health care workers to run health programmes in villages.programmes in villages.

Created Malaria education Created Malaria education and prevention programmes and prevention programmes – distributed 100,000 – distributed 100,000 mosquito nets.mosquito nets.

Source: http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources

How does immunising children help reduce the disparities between Tanzaniaand USA? What indicators will it effect?

Boy getting immunised against Measles

Working to improve Working to improve education…education…UNICEF = United Nations UNICEF = United Nations

Children Fund.Children Fund. Helps communities improve Helps communities improve

their school facilities.their school facilities. The The top phototop photo is a sign at a is a sign at a

primary school with 3 new primary school with 3 new classrooms, built to help classrooms, built to help educate refugees that live in educate refugees that live in the area. The the area. The bottom photobottom photo shows a sign at a school where shows a sign at a school where a water tank has been a water tank has been constructed and piped water is constructed and piped water is now available for the 1000 now available for the 1000 students.students.

Other projects include training Other projects include training teachers, providing materials, teachers, providing materials, organising educational events organising educational events (e.g. Camps)(e.g. Camps) Water tank and taps built

at Bubango Primary School

NGO’s working to improve NGO’s working to improve food production…food production…

Enterprise WorksEnterprise Works is a global is a global NGO implementing a 5 year NGO implementing a 5 year project to help improve irrigation project to help improve irrigation systems in rural communities.systems in rural communities.

Instead of spending time Instead of spending time collecting water, farmers can collecting water, farmers can spend time tending to their spend time tending to their crops.crops.

$500,000 has been spent to $500,000 has been spent to date.date.

Small low cost pumps are being Small low cost pumps are being provided and a company is being provided and a company is being taught how to produce them.taught how to produce them.

Output has increased in the area Output has increased in the area by 22% and in the dry season by 22% and in the dry season farmers are earning twice the farmers are earning twice the price for their crop.price for their crop.

This water pump will ensure the entire plot is irrigated in the dry season. Source:http://www.enterpriseworks.org/prog_profile_irrig_tz.asp

Working to improve Working to improve infrastructure…infrastructure…

The EU (European Union)The EU (European Union) donates funds for donates funds for projects in Tanzania every year. This year they projects in Tanzania every year. This year they have donated US$40 million to upgrade the road have donated US$40 million to upgrade the road from Mwanza – Dar Es Salaam (see map). Currently from Mwanza – Dar Es Salaam (see map). Currently buses/trucks must travel from Dar Es Salaam into buses/trucks must travel from Dar Es Salaam into Kenya and then back to Mwanza as the roads are so Kenya and then back to Mwanza as the roads are so bad This funding will ensure economic benefits for bad This funding will ensure economic benefits for all local people.all local people.

New major roading is a big help to a country dependent on getting its crops to market – Source:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/afric

Working to improve access to Working to improve access to water…water…

In Kigoma many NGO’s In Kigoma many NGO’s have helped turn water have helped turn water from springs into piped from springs into piped water.water.

Bubungo Village now has Bubungo Village now has this water tank and 15 this water tank and 15 taps all over the village.taps all over the village.

Spring water availability Spring water availability reduces in the dry reduces in the dry season. Tanks can help season. Tanks can help store water between store water between rains.rains.

How is tank and tap water better than an open spring? How will this reduce the disparities between USA and Tanzania?

Water tank built with EU finance

Taps in the village make a

huge difference

to the work load of

women.

And then there are VSO’sAnd then there are VSO’s(Volunteer Service Overseas)(Volunteer Service Overseas)

Currently there are 70 Currently there are 70 VSO’s in Tanzania…VSO’s in Tanzania…

Their skills or jobs include:Their skills or jobs include:- Training teachers.Training teachers.- Teach in poor rural areas.Teach in poor rural areas.- Training nurses and clinical Training nurses and clinical

advisers.advisers.- Educating villagers about Educating villagers about

HIV/AIDS and STD’s.HIV/AIDS and STD’s.- Advisers in farming such as Advisers in farming such as

agro-forestry.agro-forestry.- IT development.IT development.- Business development Business development

advisers working with small advisers working with small businesses.businesses.

A local New Zealand teachergives students a lesson on

her home country.

WHAT IS THE UNDP?WHAT IS THE UNDP? In Tanzania since 1961.In Tanzania since 1961. Focus in Tanzania Focus in Tanzania

includes:includes:

- Poverty reduction- Poverty reduction

- Democratic governance- Democratic governance

- HIV/AIDS- HIV/AIDS Gave $20 million this Gave $20 million this

year to development year to development schemes.schemes.

Helps co-ordinate 20 Helps co-ordinate 20 other UN organisations in other UN organisations in Tanzania.Tanzania.

Goal to lift 7.5 million out Goal to lift 7.5 million out of poverty by 2015.of poverty by 2015. Source:

http://uicn.org/themes/fcp/

An example of a UNDP An example of a UNDP project…project…

The UNDP implemented the The UNDP implemented the

HASDI Soil Conservation HASDI Soil Conservation

Project in ShinyangaProject in Shinyanga Re introduced the traditional Re introduced the traditional

fencing system to keep cattle fencing system to keep cattle in confined areas –Ngitili system.in confined areas –Ngitili system.

Restored land areas now grow pasture for Restored land areas now grow pasture for cattle.cattle.

350,000 trees have been planted in the region 350,000 trees have been planted in the region and wildlife has returned to many areas.and wildlife has returned to many areas.

Source: http://uicn.org/themes/fcp/

DOES THE WORLD BANK DOES THE WORLD BANK HELP?HELP?

In theory YES.In theory YES.

The World Bank loans and credits countries The World Bank loans and credits countries with money for development projects at a with money for development projects at a relatively low interest rates. relatively low interest rates.

HoweverHowever, countries like Tanzania are still , countries like Tanzania are still struggling to pay back this debt. 25% of struggling to pay back this debt. 25% of Tanzania’s GNP goes to Debt repayments Tanzania’s GNP goes to Debt repayments every year. More money than it receives in every year. More money than it receives in aid… Does that make sense?aid… Does that make sense?

Here are some examples of Here are some examples of World Bank helping recently…World Bank helping recently…

In 2002 the World Bank loaned In 2002 the World Bank loaned Tanzania $136 million to help Tanzania $136 million to help improve the secondary school improve the secondary school attendance rateattendance rate

The interest rate is 1.25%The interest rate is 1.25% In 2004 $122 million was loaned In 2004 $122 million was loaned

to Tanzania for a major roading to Tanzania for a major roading project - building roads between project - building roads between Dar Es Salaam and towns in the Dar Es Salaam and towns in the interior.interior.

For both these projects the For both these projects the Tanzanian government also had Tanzanian government also had to contribute funds.to contribute funds.

This road was built with World Bank funding.

How would better roads help people in Tanzania?

What are micro-loan What are micro-loan (enterprise) schemes?(enterprise) schemes?

Many NGO’s offer people the Many NGO’s offer people the chance to borrow a small amount chance to borrow a small amount of money with only minimal of money with only minimal interest rates to start a business. interest rates to start a business.

In Kigoma $200,000 has been In Kigoma $200,000 has been lent to mostly rural women.lent to mostly rural women.

They must save a small % of the They must save a small % of the money needed themselves, then money needed themselves, then the money they pay back is used the money they pay back is used for other loans.for other loans.

Businesses that have started Businesses that have started include: Shop owners, hair include: Shop owners, hair dressers, furniture makers, dressers, furniture makers, selling handi-crafts, growing selling handi-crafts, growing mushrooms, etc.mushrooms, etc.

These businesses provide jobs for These businesses provide jobs for others as they develop – reducing others as they develop – reducing the reliance on agriculture.the reliance on agriculture.

This small shop started with a micro enterprise loan. It means that Mama Sania does not have to rely on her crops for income.

ISSUES ASSOCIATED ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH AID IN TANZANIA:WITH AID IN TANZANIA:

Some aid given to Tanzania has strings Some aid given to Tanzania has strings attached – including economic conditions.attached – including economic conditions.

Many projects are not sustainable, when the Many projects are not sustainable, when the funding runs out (which it usually does) the funding runs out (which it usually does) the project falls down.project falls down.

Some communities start to rely on aid, and Some communities start to rely on aid, and don’t help themselves.don’t help themselves.

Often men are consulted, but not women.Often men are consulted, but not women. Projects approached from a western Projects approached from a western

perspective – not looking at how the perspective – not looking at how the community feels.community feels.

Who should run development projects? Local people or skilled workers from the donor country? Why?

FINAL POINTS…FINAL POINTS… Aid in Tanzania is reducing disparities slowlyAid in Tanzania is reducing disparities slowly Aid in Tanzania comes in a wide range of Aid in Tanzania comes in a wide range of

forms – money, capital, skills, IT, knowledge, forms – money, capital, skills, IT, knowledge, etc.etc.

Rural areas and women are the focus for Rural areas and women are the focus for many projects.many projects.

Community Development is the new ‘buzz’ Community Development is the new ‘buzz’ for aid and the people are driving the for aid and the people are driving the projects themselves.projects themselves.

Projects must be sustainable if they are going Projects must be sustainable if they are going to make a difference in the future… to make a difference in the future… “Give a person a fish and they’ll eat for a day, teach a person to fish and

they’ll eat for a lifetime….. Well, if they fish is a sustainable way!”