ngineering Applied Tech & TECHnologyengineering ... · Bridge Busters Project DESIGNCHALLENGE...
Transcript of ngineering Applied Tech & TECHnologyengineering ... · Bridge Busters Project DESIGNCHALLENGE...
Name: ______________________________________
Date: __________________ Grade: ____ Section: ___
Bridge Busters Project
LIBERO PURUS SODALES MAURIS, EU VEHICULA LECTUS VELIT NEC VELIT:! www.apple.com/iwork
& TECHnology
ngineering
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
LIBERO PURUS SODALES MAURIS, EU VEHICULA LECTUS VELIT NEC VELIT:! www.apple.com/iwork
& TECHnologyengineering
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Applied Tech &
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Bridge Busters ProjectDESIGN CHALLENGEDESIGN CHALLENGE
>> Design and build the lightest bridge that will hold the most weight for 30 seconds.>> Design and build the lightest bridge that will hold the most weight for 30 seconds.
Criteria Constraints
Your bridge must:• be made en(rely of balsa wood and glue• fit on a cardboard base 15 x 35 cm (see Figure 1)• have a 4 cm square cut out in the the center (see Figure 2)
for tes(ng purposes (see Figure 3)• be MORE THAN 5 cm high• be AT LEAST 4 cm wide• have two sides• have a deck (roadway)
Your bridge must stay within these boundaries• the bridge founda(on must touch only the cardboard
inside the two 5 cm squares (see Figure 2)• the width of the deck must allow a toy car to go from one
side the other• the height of the deck from the base must allow a model
boat to pass underneath the middle of the bridge
Approved Materials Key Points
• balsa wood• wood glue• string
*NOTE: Materials will NOT be given out un(l a drawing with different views of the design choice is submiFed. Points will be lost if replacement parts are needed and if tools and materials are improperly used/stored.
.Fewer pieces mean fewer problems Design for strength at the load points. Joints are cri(cal parts of any bridge design. Poor joint
construcOon can greatly weaken the bridge
• balsa wood• wood glue• string
*NOTE: Materials will NOT be given out un(l a drawing with different views of the design choice is submiFed. Points will be lost if replacement parts are needed and if tools and materials are improperly used/stored.
Key Terms
• balsa wood• wood glue• string
*NOTE: Materials will NOT be given out un(l a drawing with different views of the design choice is submiFed. Points will be lost if replacement parts are needed and if tools and materials are improperly used/stored. DeflecOon: the amount of bend in the middle of the
bridge. Compression: a force that pushes or squeezes object
together. Load: the weight of objects on a structure. Span: the distance between two bridge supports. Truss: a rigid, triangular structure. Tension-‐ a fore that pulls or stretches objects apart.
• DemonstraOon Day
DeflecOon: the amount of bend in the middle of the bridge.
Compression: a force that pushes or squeezes object together.
Load: the weight of objects on a structure. Span: the distance between two bridge supports. Truss: a rigid, triangular structure. Tension-‐ a fore that pulls or stretches objects apart.
Each bridge will be loaded in the middle un(l it fails (evidence of failure is a cracking sound or a deflec(on of 1cm on the roadway at the center of the bridge). The bridge will be evaluated using the B.E.V. formula below.
DeflecOon: the amount of bend in the middle of the bridge.
Compression: a force that pushes or squeezes object together.
Load: the weight of objects on a structure. Span: the distance between two bridge supports. Truss: a rigid, triangular structure. Tension-‐ a fore that pulls or stretches objects apart.
Figure 3
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Copyright 2008 Tufts University Center for Engineering Educational Outreach and LEGOengineering.com HANDOUT 0-2
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STEP 1: IdenOfy the Need STEP 2: Research
STEP 3: Describe some possible soluOons
STEP 4: Describe the best possible soluOon
STEP 5: Construct a prototypeSTEP 6: Test & Evaluate the prototype
STEP 7: Communicate the SoluOon
STEP 8: Redesign
We were asked to come up with a new design for the dashboard in next year’s model of Ford’s top-‐selling sport u<lity vehicle.
We looked at dashboard designs of other sport u<lity vehicles from the past and present and from all different manufacturers.
We brainstormed all the different ways that we could design a dashboard and thought about the materials we could use. We made a bunch of mini, 3D drawings showing different ways it could be aCached and fastened to the inside of the vehicle.
We looked at our drawings and the project criteria and chose the best idea. Next, we made a detailed, measured drawing showing different views of the dashboard from the front, back, boCom, sides and top.
We used our measured drawing to make an exact prototype of the dashboard.
We examined the prototype for any defects and tested it to make sure it was the right size and would fit inside a sport u<lity vehicle.
We sent the dashboard to Ford motor company and asked them if it fit their requirements, liked the way it looked and had any sugges<ons for improving it.
We used the feedback from Ford motor company to make changes in the dashboard and drawings and were proud to see our dashboard design in thousands of sport u<lity vehicles the following year.
THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN describe and explain how engineers solve problems.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by pretending I’m part of a team that designed ONE of these devices:night light, toaster oven, mechanical pencil, surWoard, alarm clock, and describe how we did it.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when my descrip(on for each step follows and sounds like the example.
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RESEARCH
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN describe and explain the characterisOcs of different bridges.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by diagraming the forces that act on each type of bridge, and explain how the forces of tension, compression torsion, bending and sheer affect the performance of bridges.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when my each bridge diagram has labeled arrows showing how different forces act on it.
Go to the following website: hFp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/bridge/index.html. Click the link “Bridge Basics.” This link will take you through each bridge and demonstrate how the forces act on each type of bridge. Diagram these forces on the bridges below and give a brief wriFen descrip(on of how the bridge works.
>BEAM Bridge: Diagram the and label these forces:compression; tension.
What is a BEAM bridge?
How does it work and stand up to forces?
>TRUSS Bridge: Diagram the and label these forces:compression; tension
What is a TRUSS bridge?
How does it work and stand up to forces?
> ARCH Bridge: Diagram the and label these forces:compression; tension.
What is an ARCH bridge?
How does it work and stand up to forces?
> SUSPENSION Bridge:Diagram the and label these forces:compression; tension.
What is a SUSPENSION bridge?
How does it work and stand up to forces?
Go to this link: hFp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bridge/build.html. Learn more about each type of bridge by clicking the bridge type and when you’re ready, see if you can build a bridge.
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OPEN RESPONSE
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN idenOfy different types of bridges and explain how forces affect them
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by wri(ng a complete response to the ques(on below.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when my response answers EACH part of the ques(on.
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The diagram below shows the supports of a proposed bridge.
a. Iden(fy which of the bridges A-‐D if built from one support to the other, would hold the heaviest load.
b. Iden(fy the forces that are involved.
c. Explain why the bridge you chose in part a would hold the heaviest load
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Possible Prototype #3 Advantages/Disadvantages
Multiple-Use Classroom Resources 18
Isometric Dot Paper
Teaching Aid Master 18
©Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Possible Prototype #1 Advantages/Disadvantages
Multiple-Use Classroom Resources 18
Isometric Dot Paper
Teaching Aid Master 18
©Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example
Possible Prototype #2 Advantages/Disadvantages
Multiple-Use Classroom Resources 18
Isometric Dot Paper
Teaching Aid Master 18
©Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN make ISOMETRIC drawings to communicate my ideas.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by making six isometric or 3D drawings that show possible solu(ons for this project’s design challenge.(Do it on-‐line < hFp://connectedmath.msu.edu/CD/Grade6/Ruins/index.html>)>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when my drawings look like the example below and have a list of their advantages and disadvantages to the right of each drawing.
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Possible Prototype #4 Advantages/Disadvantages
Multiple-Use Classroom Resources 18
Isometric Dot Paper
Teaching Aid Master 18
©Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Possible Prototype #5 Advantages/Disadvantages
Multiple-Use Classroom Resources 18
Isometric Dot Paper
Teaching Aid Master 18
©Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Possible Prototype #6 Advantages/Disadvantages
Multiple-Use Classroom Resources 18
Isometric Dot Paper
Teaching Aid Master 18
©Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
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ENGINEERING
THE BEST POSSIBLE SOLUTION
Prototype # _____ Explain your reasons for this choice.
I think this prototype is the best possible solu8on to this design challenge for the following reasons:
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SECOND, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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THIRD, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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CHOOSING THE BEST POSSIBLE SOLUTION
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN choose and explain the best way to solve a design problem.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by iden(fying which prototype I’m going to build and give at least three convincing reasons why I think it’s the best solu(on to this design challenge.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when I have three clear, specific reasons with suppor(ng details.
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FRONT VIEW BACK VIEW
LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN provide all the informaOon needed to build a prototype.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by drawing the prototype I’m going to build from six different views.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when each drawing has: 1) ___the correct view that uses most of the space, 2)___sharp, clean lines that are NOT drawn by hand, 3) ___ labels and measurements. >>These drawings CANNOT BE CHANGED once construcOon has begun!
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Fasteners Use in my prototype OR something else. Why this is a good choice
Screws
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Copyright 2008 Tufts University Center for Engineering Educational Outreach and LEGOengineering.com HOMEWORK 1-1
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Copyright 2008 Tufts University Center for Engineering Educational Outreach and LEGOengineering.com HOMEWORK 1-1
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Copyright 2008 Tufts University Center for Engineering Educational Outreach and LEGOengineering.com HOMEWORK 1-1
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ENGINEERINGPUTTING THINGS TOGETHER
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN idenOfy and explain how to choose & use tools and materials.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by lis(ng specific examples of how the tools and materials listed below can be used on my prototype OR something I’ve built before OR something that’s in my home.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when I have three clear, specific reasons that are supported with details.
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Materials Use in my prototype OR something else.(Examples at: h7p://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/lab/forces.html)
Why this is a good choice
Hardness
This type of materials will resist cuts, scratches and
dents.
Ex: granite for kitchen counter tops Ex: it won’t get dented if you drop something on it
ElasOcity
This type of material can be stretched and will return to its original size and
shape.
PlasOcity
This type of material can flow into a new shape under pressure and will remain in that shape.
StrengthThis type of material can be stretched, squeezed or
twisted without breaking.
Toughness
This type of material will resist breaking.
FaOgue
This type of material can be repeatedly flexed or bent
without breaking.
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ENGINEERINGBUILDING A PROTOTYPE
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN build a prototype that works and solves a human problem
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by using the approved tools and materials for this project to build a prototype that looks like my orthographic drawings.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when I have a prototype that meets the criteria and looks like a finished product without any loose parts, damaged or rough surfaces and globs of glue, and holds together without needing repairs.
1 Sketch out one side of your bridge on paper.
2. AFach your drawing to a hard surface, such as a piece of cardboard. You will build your bridge on this surface using your drawing as a guide. Over this, tape the wax paper. The wax paper will prevent you from accidentally gluing your project to your guide.
3. Cut the pieces of wood so that each piece fits the outline of the bridge you've drawn. To ensure a perfect fit, cut each piece of wood slightly longer than the guide. Then line up the wood with the guide, and trim it to match.
4. Glue the pieces of wood in place. Once the major trusses are glued in place, glue in the secondary trusses. Wait un(l all glued spots are dry before removing.
5. Repeat the previous step to build your bridge' second side.
EVALUATION
1. Bridges will receive 3 separate grades. They fall under the areas of design, construction, and efficiency.
2. Bridges that do not meet the design or construction requirements will loose a letter-grade for each requirement not met.
3. Bridges will be graded against the other bridges in the class based on efficiency, construction, overall strength, and innovation.
Example Below are two different types of bridges that meet the specifications and constraints of the Model Bridge Competition. Use the ModelSmart program to create innovative designs to be tested using the analysis function of the program.
Top View
Front View
Side View
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Describe what you did today; tools that you used; materials that you used, parts you worked on, design changes and problems.
Make a labeled drawing (or paste a picture taken w/your phone) of your prototype or the parts you worked on.
LOG #1 Date: _________________
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YES I used complete sentences to describe my progress
YES My descripNon is neatly wri7en and legible
YES I described how I used specific tools and materials
YES My drawing is large enough and centered in the space
YES My line quality is sharp and precise (no smudges)
YES Labels and measurements are OUTSIDE the drawing
EXAMPLE
ENGINEERINGENGINEERING LOGS
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN describe and explain how to build a prototype.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by describing how I use tools and materials to build a prototype.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when I have a log that with complete sentences and a labeled drawing that shows different stages of my prototype being built.
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Describe what you did today; tools that you used; materials that you used, parts you worked on, design changes and problems.
Make a labeled drawing (or paste a picture taken w/your phone) of your prototype or the parts you worked on.
LOG #2 Date: _________________
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YES I used complete sentences to describe my progress
YES My descripNon is neatly wri7en and legible
YES I described how I used specific tools and materials
YES My drawing is large enough and centered in the space
YES My line quality is sharp and precise (no smudges)
YES Labels and measurements are OUTSIDE the drawing
Describe what you did today; tools that you used; materials that you used, parts you worked on, design changes and problems.
Make a labeled drawing (or paste a picture taken w/your phone) of your prototype or the parts you worked on.
LOG #3 Date: _________________
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YES I used complete sentences to describe my progress
YES My descripNon is neatly wri7en and legible
YES I described how I used specific tools and materials
YES My drawing is large enough and centered in the space
YES My line quality is sharp and precise (no smudges)
YES Labels and measurements are OUTSIDE the drawing
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Describe what you did today; tools that you used; materials that you used, parts you worked on, design changes and problems.
Make a labeled drawing (or paste a picture taken w/your phone) of your prototype or the parts you worked on.
LOG #4 Date: _________________
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YES I used complete sentences to describe my progress
YES My descripNon is neatly wri7en and legible
YES I described how I used specific tools and materials
YES My drawing is large enough and centered in the space
YES My line quality is sharp and precise (no smudges)
YES Labels and measurements are OUTSIDE the drawing
Describe what you did today; tools that you used; materials that you used, parts you worked on, design changes and problems.
Make a labeled drawing (or paste a picture taken w/your phone) of your prototype or the parts you worked on.
LOG #5 Date: _________________
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___________________________________________
YES I used complete sentences to describe my progress
YES My descripNon is neatly wri7en and legible
YES I described how I used specific tools and materials
YES My drawing is large enough and centered in the space
YES My line quality is sharp and precise (no smudges)
YES Labels and measurements are OUTSIDE the drawing
17
ENGINEERINGTEST THE PROTOTYPE
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN measure and evaluate the performance of a prototype.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by tes(ng my prototype and recording its performance data.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when I have display accurate data that tells me what works and what needs improvement.
Balsa Bridge Joint TypesThere are four basic ways you can join your bridge parts together. Each type has its own posi(ves and nega(ves, something engineers call “trade-‐offs.” Some are beFer for withstanding tension and others are beFer at holding up under compression.By tes(ng each type of joint below, you’ll be able to determine the best types of joint(s) to use when building your bridge.
Simple Overlapping Joint Double Overlapping Joint
Gusset Plate Joint End Joint
The lap joint is one of the strongest, and you should use it whenever you can. It helps to resist compression and bending. The lap joint has a potenNal weakness, however. Depending on the type of glue you use, the joint is only as strong as the face of the wood. If your glue soaks into the wood then this will not be a problem. Balsa wood is typically not strong, and tears easily. You can also help avoid tearing by making sure your lap joints have plenty of surface area for the glue.
The end joint is not a very strong joint, especially for tension members. In tension, the two pieces of wood will just pull right away f rom each other. In compression, this joint will allow the piece to bend in a perfect arc. The lap joint holds the piece sNff, which does help it to hold more.
SomeNmes it is impossible to avoid using an end joint on your bridge. But you can add a gusset to get all the benefits of a lap joint. In fact, you can make two gussets to create the strongest joint possible.
18
JointStrength Rating
(1-‐5)Notes/Observations
Single Overlapping Best place to use this?
Double Overlapping Best place to use this?
End Joint Best place to use this?
Gusset Joint Best place to use this?
19
Based on the data I collected, my prototype’s performance was:
(Check one)
___ ExcepOonal: it worked every (me it was tested and needed no repairs
Some reasons for this are:
1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
___ Very good: it worked most of the (me it was tested and didn’t need any (or many) repairs
Some reasons for this are:
1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
___ Good: it worked some of the (me it was tested and needed repairs
Some reasons for this are:
1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
___ Not good: it didn’t really work
Some reasons for this are:
1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
Things I’d do differently next Ome
1. ____________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________
What these things might improve
1. ____________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________
ENGINEERINGMAKE A DECISION
LEARNING TARGET: I CAN evaluate and explain the effecOveness of a prototype.
>> I’LL PROVE I CAN DO THIS by judging how well my prototype met the criteria and describing how it could be improved upon.>> I’LL KNOW I’M SUCCESSFUL when I have an explana(on that is supported by THREE reasons.
20
This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...
•I’ll imagine that I’m part of an engineering team and describe how the engineering design process could be used to develop a specific device or solution. (Pg.4)
0 1 2 3 4
•I’ll conduct research about bridges and use it to help me plan and build my own. (Pg.5) 0 1 2 3 4
•I’ll draw isometric drawings that show & explain different ways to solve a design problem. (Pg.7-‐8) 0 1 2 3 4
•I’ll make orthographic drawings of the prototype I’m building from different views with labels and measurements that anyone could understand and follow. (Pg.10)
0 1 2 3 4
• I’ll use the Universal Systems Model to describe the parts that operate my prototype (Pg.20) 0 1 2 3 4
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Project Scoring Sheet
This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...
•I’ll describe and explain my reasons for the prototype I want to build. (Pg.9)•I’ll describe and explain my reasons for the prototype I want to build. (Pg.9)•I’ll describe and explain my reasons for the prototype I want to build. (Pg.9) 0 1 2 3 4
•I’ll collect and display data about my prototype and use it to evaluate how well it worked. (Pg.18)•I’ll collect and display data about my prototype and use it to evaluate how well it worked. (Pg.18)•I’ll collect and display data about my prototype and use it to evaluate how well it worked. (Pg.18) 0 1 2 3 4
• I’ll complete an open response quesNon about technology & engineering (Pg.6)• I’ll complete an open response quesNon about technology & engineering (Pg.6)• I’ll complete an open response quesNon about technology & engineering (Pg.6) 0 1 2 3 4
•I’ll build a prototype that matches my ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS, meets the criteria, looks like a finished product without any loose parts, damaged or rough surfaces and globs of glue, and holds together without needing repairs between multiple uses.
•I’ll build a prototype that matches my ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS, meets the criteria, looks like a finished product without any loose parts, damaged or rough surfaces and globs of glue, and holds together without needing repairs between multiple uses.
•I’ll build a prototype that matches my ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS, meets the criteria, looks like a finished product without any loose parts, damaged or rough surfaces and globs of glue, and holds together without needing repairs between multiple uses.
0 1 2 3 4
B.E.V. = ____________ max. weight (g)
B.E.V. = ____________mass of bridge (g)
This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...This is how I’ll do it...
• I’ll list and explain how engineers choose materials and fasteners when building prototypes. (Pg. 11-‐12) 0 1 2 3 4
• I’ll record my progress and describe how I used specific tools and materials to build my prototype.• I’ll record my progress and describe how I used specific tools and materials to build my prototype.• I’ll record my progress and describe how I used specific tools and materials to build my prototype.• I’ll record my progress and describe how I used specific tools and materials to build my prototype.• I’ll record my progress and describe how I used specific tools and materials to build my prototype.• I’ll record my progress and describe how I used specific tools and materials to build my prototype.
>>Engineering Log #1 (Pg.14) 0 1 2 3 4
>>Engineering Log #2 (Pg.15) 0 1 2 3 4
>>Engineering Log #3 (Pg.15) 0 1 2 3 4
>>Engineering Log #4 (Pg.16) 0 1 2 3 4
>>Engineering Log # 5 (Pg.16) 0 1 2 3 4
ENGINEERING LEARNING TARGET: I CAN use and follow the Engineering Design Process.
ENGINEERING LEARNING TARGET: I CAN explain and defend my reasons for using tools and materials.
ENGINEERING LEARNING TARGET: I CAN choose the best and safest way to use tools and materials.