NGI Protection of Threads - AC -...

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PROTECTION OF THREADS Page 1 of 3 Outline: Galvanising threaded components and assemblies with internal/external threads is common practice for galvanisers but can require some measures to protect those areas prior to galvanising and some effort after galvanising in order to make the threads serviceable. Specifics: There are many different items that have both internal and external threads that require galvanising; some of these include: Threaded Bolts/Rods Cage Bolts Sockets Bungs Tie Rods/Bracing Bolted Connections There are two ways to process these items through the galvanising plant depending on the size of the item. The first way is through the centrifuge plant (commonly referred to as the spinner, see Figure 1.) which is used for smaller components up to 1200mm in length. The items are placed in a steel basket and submerged into the zinc, once ready they are raised out of the zinc and spun at a high revolution. The centrifugal force then pushes the excess zinc to the side of the basket helping to create a cleaner thread, although this may not guarantee a useable item and may still require some attention. Figure 1. Spinning Plant The second way is through the main plant and is used for items that will not fit in the centrifuge plant. These items include cage bolts, long bracing rods and assemblies fabricated with internal/external threads. External Threads (Male): The molten zinc in the galvanising bath is heated to approximately 450°C, as an item is withdrawn from the bath the zinc rapidly cools to below its melting point of 420°C and starts to set. The excess zinc in the grooves of the threads generally runs to the underside and solidifies, preventing the use of the threaded component. There are a number of ways to counter this issue, these include; 1. Heating the threads after galvanising with a gas torch and then wire brush cleaning the excess free zinc from the grooves. During the galvanising process the outer layers of steel metallurgically bond with the zinc to create a zinciron alloy. This zinc iron alloy has a much higher melting point than the free zinc (650°C compared to 420°C). Care needs to be taken to not overheat the area to allow only the free zinc

Transcript of NGI Protection of Threads - AC -...

Page 1: NGI Protection of Threads - AC - natgalv.com.aunatgalv.com.au/assets/NGI-Protection-Threads-AC.pdf · PROTECTION)OF)THREADS)! ... Galvanising!threaded!components!and!assemblies!with!internal/external!threads!is!common!

PROTECTION  OF  THREADS    

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Outline:    

Galvanising  threaded  components  and  assemblies  with  internal/external  threads  is  common  practice  for  galvanisers  but  can  require  some  measures  to  protect  those  areas  prior  to  galvanising  and  some  effort  after  galvanising  in  order  to  make  the  threads  serviceable.  

Specifics:  

There  are  many  different  items  that  have  both  internal  and  external  threads  that  require  galvanising;  some  of  these  include:    

� Threaded  Bolts/Rods  � Cage  Bolts  � Sockets  

� Bungs  � Tie  Rods/Bracing  � Bolted  Connections  

 There  are  two  ways  to  process  these  items  through  the  galvanising  plant  depending  on  the  size  of  the  item.  The  first  way  is  through  the  centrifuge  plant  (commonly  referred  to  as  the  spinner,  see  Figure  1.)  which  is  used  for  smaller  components  up  to  1200mm  in  length.  The  items  are  placed  in  a  steel  basket  and  submerged  into  the  zinc,  once  ready  they  are  raised  out  of  the  zinc  and  spun  at  a  high  revolution.  The  centrifugal  force  then  pushes  the  excess  zinc  to  the  side  of  the  basket  helping  to  create  a  cleaner  thread,  although  this  may  not  guarantee  a  useable  item  and  may  still  require  some  attention.                Figure  1.    Spinning  Plant      The  second  way  is  through  the  main  plant  and  is  used  for  items  that  will  not  fit  in  the  centrifuge  plant.  These  items  include  cage  bolts,  long  bracing  rods  and  assemblies  fabricated  with  internal/external  threads.        External  Threads  (Male):  The  molten  zinc  in  the  galvanising  bath  is  heated  to  approximately  450°C,  as  an  item  is  withdrawn  from  the  bath  the  zinc  rapidly  cools  to  below  its  melting  point  of  420°C  and  starts  to  set.  The  excess  zinc  in  the  grooves  of  the  threads  generally  runs  to  the  underside  and  solidifies,  preventing  the  use  of  the  threaded  component.    There  are  a  number  of  ways  to  counter  this  issue,  these  include;    

1. Heating  the  threads  after  galvanising  with  a  gas  torch  and  then  wire  brush  cleaning  the  excess  free  zinc  from  the  grooves.  During  the  galvanising  process  the  outer  layers  of  steel  metallurgically  bond  with  the  zinc  to  create  a  zinc-­‐iron  alloy.  This  zinc-­‐iron  alloy  has  a  much  higher  melting  point  than  the  free  zinc  (650°C  compared  to  420°C).  Care  needs  to  be  taken  to  not  overheat  the  area  to  allow  only  the  free  zinc  

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to  be  removed.  By  removing  only  the  free  zinc  there  is  still  a  galvanised  coating  remaining  on  the  threads.  

 2. Running  a  die  over  the  threads.  This  will  ensure  a  clean  thread  however  will  remove  

all  the  zinc  coating  leaving  the  component  un-­‐galvanised.    

3. Masking  the  area  with  a  protective  material.  These  materials  include  using  high  temperature  tape,  silicone,  duct  tape  and  masking  paints.  Each  of  these  methods  have  their  own  pros  and  cons  but  all  will  leave  the  thread  ungalvanised  and  will  require  some  work  to  clean  the  thread.    For  a  list  of  materials  and  case  study  completed  by  the  American  Galvanizers  Association,  please  see  the  link  below:  

   

https://www.galvanizeit.org/images/uploads/pdfs/Masking_Materials_for_Preventing_Hot-­‐Dip_Galvanizing,_Bernardo_Duran__Thomas_Langill,_Ph.D_(Galvanizing_Notes,_2010_Dec)_.pdf  

 Internal  Threads  (Female):  Commonly  found  on  pipework  with  sockets  or  bungs  for  troughs  and  tanks,  internal  threads  will  tend  to  clog  through  the  galvanising  process.  Similar  to  external  threads  there  are  methods  to  fix  this  issue.    

1. Masking  the  area  with  silicone  is  one  of  the  most  commonly  used  methods.  By  carefully  smearing  the  silicon  into  the  thread  or  filling  the  hole  with  silicon,  the  zinc  will  not  bond  with  the  steel  leaving  the  thread  uncoated.  Ash  will  need  to  be  removed  from  the  thread  prior  to  use.    

   

2. Re-­‐tapping  the  threads.  This  will  ensure  a  clean  thread  however  will  also  likely  remove  the  zinc  coating.    

3. Leaving  a  bolt  in  the  hole  through  the  galvanising  process.  The  bolt  will  then  be  sealed  in  place  from  the  molten  zinc  and  may  require  heating  with  a  gas  torch  in  

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order  to  free  the  zinc  around  the  bolt  before  unscrewing.  There  will  be  no  zinc  coating  on  the  thread  using  this  process.  

 

   

Example  of  threads  on  unprotected  versus  protected  tie  rods  before  and  after  galvanising:    

   

Masking  the  internal  and  external  threads  with  silicone  on  a  pump  base  frame  with  adjustable  feet: