NGA Designing Healthy Communities What Does a Healthy Community Look Like? Bruce Race, FAIA, AICP...

NGA • Designing Healthy Communities

What Does a Healthy Community Look Like?

Bruce Race, FAIA, AICP RACESTUDIO


Overview

• How do you measure a healthy city? What are the indicators?

• What does design have to do with it?

• What can States do to create mote competitive and healthier communities?


Test Your Indicators

• How do you measure a healthy city? What are the indicators?

• ASSIGNMENT:

1. ___________________________

2. ___________________________

3. ___________________________


Test Your Indicators–NASA’s Version


Test Your Indicators–Bruce’s Version


Human Health Indicators• Health–

Obesity, diabetes, heart disease, mental health

• Social– Crime, education, isolation

• Environmental–Air quality, water quality, brown fields


Sustainability–Assigning Value to the Future

• Energy consumption

• Renewable resources

• Land-efficient development patterns


Cultural Identity–Values, Culture and Tradition

• Natural setting

• Historical and cultural preservation

• Events and traditions


What does design have to do with it?

• ASSIGNMENT: From memory, draw a map of your community. You have two minutes. GO.

• Now circle your favorite place and list three reasons why:

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

3. _________________________



• Postwar urban planning–systems and efficiency-driven



• Infrastructure to support land speculation



• Regulations that control land speculation



• Results do NOT vary…


Design is an Integrative Activity

Restoration Tax Credits and Façade Restoration Program

LRT System Regional Plan and $25M Redevelopment Commitment

Park Design Competition and Renovation

First PBID in California and Downtown Partnership Management



• Making places–space, activity and path

• Sensory-driven planning

• Adaptable to the place–culturally relevant


What can States do to create more competitive and healthier communities?

• ASSIGNMENT: List three ways your state rewards the design of healthy cities?

1. ______________________________

2. ______________________________

3. ______________________________


Process for Creating Healthy Cities

• The Planning Process-vision, policies, regulations and implementation (Oregon, New Jersey, Maryland, Michigan’s “Cool Cities” initiative)

• The Political Process–special interests push favorable regulatory bills

Policy

Plans

Regulations

Zoning/Guidelines

Vision Implementation

1 2 3 4


Dream City–Healthy Community PROVIDING

CHOICE


Providing Choice

• Capturing community values

• It is a QUALITATIVE question

• Transit–modal split

• Human life-cycle


Providing Choice–Community Values


Density–Who’s been to Paris?Comparison of Densities (Pop/SM)

1990 1999

Salinas 5,848 6,900

Monterey 3,804 3,940

Santa Cruz 3,687 4,188

Modesto 5,454 6,112

San Jose 4,560 5,300

Fresno 3,574 4,191

Bakersfield 1,904 2,514

Sacramento 3,835 4,114

Davis 5,501 6,666

Berkeley 9,783 10,371

San Francisco 15,500 16,930

New York City – 24,000

Paris 53,130 52,430


Density–Who’s been to Paris?


Therefore–It’s a qualitative question...

Snout House

Dead WallHomer

Simpson Duplex


…definitely. Qualitative.

Monster with Cheese


Providing Choice–Great NeighborhoodsPublic Partners:Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution Control District

Public Partners:California Pollution Control Financing AuthoritySustainable Communities Grant and Loan Program

Santa Cruz ADU ManualCal APA AwardAIACC Design Award

Watsonville Livable Community Residential Design Guidelines


Providing Choice–Modal SplitWho drives most by region? Year 2000

City Pop./SM Miles/pop.

Houston 1,618 37Detroit 2,942 24SF/Oakland 3,343 22New York/ 4,313 15NE New JerseySource: Federal Highway Administration


Providing Choice–Cities and the Human Life-cycle

Singles20-24

Mingles24-34

Jiggles49-59



Condition of Public Schools

Year 1999Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Schools in central cities were more likely to be in poor condition

Schools with higher concentration of poverty to report at least one unsatisfactory environmental condition

In 1999, the average school was 40 years old

Severe overcrowding (more than 25%) is most prevalent in with schools with over 50% minority enrollment


Rewarding Good Behavior

• Health– Second worst air quality

in America

• Sustainability– Expanding biomass

renewable energy

– Protecting natural and working landscapes

• Cultural identity– Preparing Scenic Tulare

County element


Rewarding Good Behavior

• Health– Brown Fields (old

RR yards)

• Sustainability– Infill development

– New residential neighborhood

• Cultural identity– New civic center

– Cultural district


Creating Incentives• Real estate INDUSTRY part of the American

Tradition– Property rights– Influential

• Fiscal rewards of healthy public policy – Fiscalization of land use–the “F” word– Counties and cities compete for sales tax

• Regulations– Concern about global competition for agriculture– Cooperation among jurisdictions–incorporated

cities and special districts

Since the mid-1950s the federal government has spent eight times as much money to build sprawl-inducing highways than density-supporting mass transit. The federal tax code provides eleven times the tax breaks for home owners (mostly suburban) than it offers to apartment owners (mostly city-based).

David Rusk, Former Mayor of Albuquerque, Author


Conclusions: The Governor’s Role

• Expressing a vision of communities that balance human health, sustainability and cultural traditions

• Integrative policymaking–suite of policies, regulations, programs and funding solutions

• Rewarding good behavior–incentives, awards/recognitions


What Does a Healthy Community Look Like?

Bruce Race, FAIA, AICP RACESTUDIO

NGA Designing Healthy Communities What Does a Healthy Community Look Like? Bruce Race, FAIA, AICP...

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