THE TURBULENT 60’S

Next Week

Kennedy, The New Frontier; LBJ, The Great Society

Civil Rights Movement

EQ

Who was JFK and why was he so important?

With a partner, what are the similarities?

JFK and The Cold War

John Fitzgerald Kennedy

Democrat from MA “New Frontier” Camelot Peace Corps Cuban Missile Crisis Bay of Pigs Race to the Moon Supported Civil Rights Assassinated on

Nov.22, 1963 1036 days

Election of 1960

First televised Presidential Debate JFK vs. Nixon

One of the closest elections in U.S. History

Gained support of African-American Community by taking stand on MLK arrest

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Cuba

Cuban Crisis Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Crisis

Fidel Castro Cuban Dictator seizes power Communist government 90 miles away Supported by U.S.S.R. 10% of Cuban population goes into exile

Many to U.S.

Bay of Pigs

• Cuban exiles, CIA plan invasion to topple Castro

• Plans go wrong; exile forces killed, taken prisoner

• JFK pays ransom in food, medicine; mission is public embarrassment

• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=19c84995-57dc-4582-90e6-9e100fe8a61a

The Cuban Missile Crisis

• Nikita Khrushchev sends weapons to Cuba, including nuclear missiles

• JFK warns Soviets that missile attack will trigger war on U.S.S.R.

• Hotline between JFK and Khrushchev established

The Berlin Crisis

• Khrushchev wants to close access roads to West Berlin; JFK refuses

• Soviets isolate West Berlin from East Germany with Berlin Wall

• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=19c84995-57dc-4582-90e6-9e100fe8a61a

“Ich bin ein Berliner”

Review – divide and conquer!

Bay of Pigs

Cuban Missile Crisis

Berlin Crisis

The Cuban Crisis

Causes

Causes

Causes

Causes

Effects/results

Effects/results

Effects/results

Effects/results

Policies of the New Frontier Science/Space (Race to the Moon)

Neil Armstrong – July 1969 Civil Rights; racial injustice Poverty Education

The Space Race

Tragedy

JFK Assassination

November 22, 1963 Dallas, TX Shot by Lee Harvey Oswald (Oswald shot by

Jack Ruby) Warren Commission concluded Oswald acted

alone Many conspiracy theories exist:

More than one gunman Soviet involvement CIA Involvement

VP Lyndon Baines Johnson sworn in http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm

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The New Frontier Review

The New Frontier

The Great Society v

LBJ

Great Society Democrat War on Poverty Increased

protection of individual rights

Civil Rights leader Established

Medicare/Medicaid

Great Society Programs

Education Healthcare

Medicare - low-cost medical, hospital insurance for senior citizens

Medicaid - health insurance for welfare recipients\

The Environment Consumer Protection

Great Society Programs (cont) Housing

• Money set aside for public housing; low-, moderate-income homes

• Dept. of Housing and Urban Development created• Robert Weaver is first African American in cabinet, HUD

secretary

Immigration• Existing immigration quotas discriminate against non-Western

Europeans• Immigration Act of 1965 ends quotas based on nationality

Impact of the Great Society

• Post-WW II, LBJ extends federal power more than all other presidents

• Poverty drops from 21% of population in 1962 to 11% in 1973

• Massive tax cut spurs economy; Great Society contributes to deficit

• Debate over finances, effectiveness of programs, government role

The Warren Court

Warren Court—Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren

Rights of the Accused courts must provide legal counsel to poor illegally seized evidence cannot be used in

court Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Review

Program Who was it designed to help?

What did it do?