Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Transcript of Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Towards Fully Connected World
Sheng Chen
Next Generation Wireless
School of Electronics and Computer Science
University of Southampton
Southampton SO17 1BJ
United Kingdom
E-mail: [email protected]
https://www.southampton.ac.uk/∼sqc/
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
What is AI
• Information management and processing is as old as human society
– Talking information management/processing must mention computing andcommunication, which happen to be two pillars of AI
• What is AI?AI = ed · C
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– ed represents Electronic Digital infrastructure– C is Communication,– C is Computing
• Electronic and digital revolution, mobile communication revolution lead to ourconnected digital world
– Without this, there will be no AI– Not surprisingly, current AI new hype coincides with coming 5G
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Brief AI History
• Pre AI period: Second World War
– Code breaker - after war, leading to digital computer - information processing
– Less known is ‘traffic analysis’, analyze German communication flows - after war,leading to networked communication - information management or ‘spy’
• Birth of AI and initial hype (1950s - 1970s), with new wonder computer lots werepromised by AI, but little were realized
• AI Winter (1980s - 1990s)
• Endeavour (1980s - 2010s) We not calling AI, but CI ‘computation intelligence’,
– During this period, mobile communications went through from birth (1G) to 4G,and beyond 4G was in development by 2010s
• Reborn to new hype (now), not surprisingly, this coincides with 5G
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Wireless Communications History
• Marconi on Isle of Wight
• Global Mobile Date Traffic, 2017 to 2022 (exabyte equals to 1018 bytes)
Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2017-2022 White Paper
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/
white-paper-c11-738429.html
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5G Revolution
• eMBB: enhanced mobile broadband (standards specified)
• mMTC: massive machine-type communications (standards in progress)
• URLLC: ultra-reliable and low latency communications (standards in progress)
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Fully Connected World?
• 5G will revolutionize our society
– Massive rate, 1 to 10Gbps end to end– Massive connections, IoTs – every device connected– Ultra low latency for autonomous driving, intelligent transport system, etc
• With 5G, fully connected world anywhere anytime? – We are connected anywhere
anytime on land, but not in sky or on ocean
– Step on jumbo jet, we disappear into a non-G black hole
– Holiday on cruise ship, we disappear into a non-G black hole
• Researchers are considering fully connected world by
– Connecting City in the Sky to realize Internet above the Cloud– Connecting City on the Ocean to realize Internet above the Wave
• 5G is just being deployed, and we have already working on 6G
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Internet above the Cloud
• Huge number of people are travelling by aeroplane, and sky is full of jumbo jets
– We all dream ‘Internet above the Cloud’
• Vey important: We are not talking aeronautical systems for air traffic control,surveillance, safety monitoring, etc
– We CANNOT do anything even near to these systems!
• We are thinking NEW commercial aeronautical ad hoc network (AANET)
– which enables us to do usual things at home, at work or travelling on land
• In this globally interconnected AANET, apart from higher-layer protocols to bedefined, including Internet gateway, cache policy, etc
– Physical layer transmission protocol is key to connect City in the Sky
– Our current technologies capable of realizing such an AANET
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Terrestrial Mobile Network
Internet
Backhaul
• Hidden from us are backhaul transmissions, which really enable us to do our usualthings, such as mobile Internet access
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Aeronautical Ad Hoc Network
• Jumbo jet is a moving ‘cell’, where ‘base station’ and all its ‘mobiles’ or passengers move together
• ‘Mobiles’ or passengers can access to ‘base station’ via standard technique, such as WiFi
• Air-to-air transmissions, acting like backhaul, is really key to connect City in the Sky
Internet
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Air−to−satellite
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Enabling Air-to-Air Transmission
• Aircraft a∗ calculates transmit precoding matrix based on channel estimate
• Aircraft a∗ selects an ACM mode to transmit data according to its distance da∗
b∗ to b∗
If dk ≤ da∗
b∗ < dk−1 : choose mode k; k ∈ {1, 2, · · · , K}
d0 = Dmax, maximum communication rage, and da∗
b∗ ≥ Dmin for safety minimum separation
Time
Data transmissionReceivedsignal processing
Time
RZF−TPC matrix
Channel estimation DistanceInterference link
Generate the
Desired link
ACM modeSwitch
Pilot training
Va∗
b∗
2A
1
a∗
b∗
da∗
b∗
A2
1
b∗ a
∗
DRAs 2DTAs
2
1 Nr
DTAs 1Nr· · ·
1
2 DRAs
· · ·
1
2
Nt
Nt· · ·
· · ·
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Our Ocean
• Normal snapshot of world’s commercial maritime traffic: truly City on the Ocean
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Next Generation Wireless S Chen
Connecting City on the Ocean
• Current research proposal attempts connecting every ship to land mobile networkvia a shore station or satellite
– Connection by satellite is extremely expensive and offers very low data rate,moreover, impossible to have satellite capacity to support this application
– Shore station can only reach a ship a few km away with low data rate andimpossible to built sufficient number of shore stations
• Rather than impossible task of connecting every ship to land mobile network via,e.g., shore station, we connect ships to form oceanic ad hoc network (OANET)
– To connect ‘City on the Ocean’ and realizing ‘Internet above the Wave’
• This globally interconnected OANET needs international agreement on higher-layerprotocols, Internet gateway, cache policy, etc, and physical layer protocol
– Our current technology capable of realizing such an OANET
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Towards Fully Connected World
• Global land network and Internet, AANET, and OANET are interconnected
• City on land, City in sky, or City on ocean - truly connected anywhere anytime
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Challenges
• Global land network consists of various countries’ networks with fixed borders
– Infrastructure of each country’s land mobile network is fixed within country’sborder, and it is host, i.e., mobile, that is roaming
• Aeronautical and oceanic networks are truly global without borders
– Infrastructure is not fixed – node, i.e., aeroplane, is roaming
• Non-ideal e.g., China’s aeronautical network is constrained in China’s air space
– Flights of different owners go all over the globe and are mixed in the sky,similarly, ships of different owners are mixed in the ocean
– Ownership and operation issue of various parts of AANET and OANET
• Our technologies capable of connecting City in the Sky and City on the Ocean
– International agreement on ownership, operation and control needed, anddemands for Internet above Cloud and Internet above Wave will make it happen
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Conclusions
• With 5G comes fully connected world ONLY on land – now we need to connectCity in the Sky and City on the Ocean, last frontier of connection black holes
• Current research proposals connect each aeroplane to land network via groundstation/satellite, and connect a ship to land network via shore station/satellite
– This is impossible task and wrong approach
• We need a completely new thinking – connect aeroplanes to form AANET andconnect ships to form OANET
– Physical layer air-to-air transmission technology is the key to connect City in theSky
– Physical layer ship-to-ship transmission technology is the key to connect City onthe Ocean
• By interconnecting land network, aeronautical network and oceanic network, werealize the fully connected world
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