Next Back MAP MAP D-1 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition...

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Management Information Systems Management Information Systems for the Information Agefor the Information Age

Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Copyright 2004 Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reservedAll rights reserved

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Extended Learning Module DExtended Learning Module D

Network BasicsNetwork Basics

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Main MapMain Map

Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, LANs, MANsMANs

, WANs, and Communications Media, WANs, and Communications Media Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

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Whether you areWhether you are Surfing the webSurfing the web Accessing software at school orAccessing software at school or Sending emailSending email

Your computer is part of a networkYour computer is part of a network

IntroductionIntroduction

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Computer networkComputer network - two or more - two or more computers connected so that they can computers connected so that they can communicate with each other and share communicate with each other and share information, software, peripheral devices, information, software, peripheral devices, and/or processing power. and/or processing power.


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IntroductionIntroductionBasic Principles of NetworksBasic Principles of Networks

1.1. Each computer must have a network card. Each computer must have a network card. 2.2. A network has at least one connecting device.A network has at least one connecting device.3.3. There must be communications media There must be communications media

connecting the network hardware devices. connecting the network hardware devices. 4.4. Each computer must have software that Each computer must have software that

supports the movement of information.supports the movement of information.

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Peer-to-Peer Home Networks Peer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications

MediaMedia Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks

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Peer-to-peerPeer-to-peer network - network - a network in which a network in which a small number of computers share a small number of computers share hardware, software and/or information. hardware, software and/or information.

Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home Network

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You can setup a small peer-to-peer You can setup a small peer-to-peer network network With Ethernet cards and dedicated cablesWith Ethernet cards and dedicated cablesUsing the existing phone wiringUsing the existing phone wiring

Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home Network

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkHome Network ComponentsHome Network Components

Network interface card Network interface card (NIC)(NIC) - an expansion card - an expansion card or a PC Card that connects or a PC Card that connects your computer to a network your computer to a network and provides the doorway and provides the doorway for information to flow in for information to flow in and out.and out.

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Ethernet cardEthernet card - the most common type of - the most common type of network interface card. network interface card.

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Network hubNetwork hub - a device that connects multiple - a device that connects multiple computers into a network with only one computers into a network with only one communications link at a time. communications link at a time.

SwitchSwitch - a device that connects multiple - a device that connects multiple computers into a network in which multiple computers into a network in which multiple communications links can be in operation communications links can be in operation simultaneously. simultaneously.

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Figure D.1Figure D.1Hub, Switch, and Router as Roadway IntersectionsHub, Switch, and Router as Roadway Intersectionspage 428page 428

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RouterRouter - a device - a device that acts as a smart that acts as a smart hub connecting hub connecting computers into a computers into a network, and it also network, and it also separates your separates your network from any network from any other network it’s other network it’s connected to. connected to.

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Figure D.2Figure D.2Typical Home Typical Home NetworkNetworkpage 429page 429

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FirewallFirewall - software and/or hardware that - software and/or hardware that protects a computer or network from protects a computer or network from intruders. intruders.

Cat 5, or Category 5 Cat 5, or Category 5 cable cable - a better-constructed - a better-constructed version of the phone twisted-version of the phone twisted-pair cable. pair cable.

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkWireless Access to Your Home NetworkWireless Access to Your Home Network

Wireless network access pointWireless network access point or or wireless access pointwireless access point - a device that - a device that allows computers to access a wired allows computers to access a wired network using radio waves. network using radio waves.

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkWireless Access to Your Home NetworkWireless Access to Your Home Network

WiFi, Wireless Fidelity, WiFi, Wireless Fidelity, or or IEEE 802.11b -IEEE 802.11b - a way of a way of transmitting information in wave form that is reasonably transmitting information in wave form that is reasonably fast and is often used for notebooks. fast and is often used for notebooks.

BluetoothBluetooth technology - provides entirely wireless technology - provides entirely wireless connections for all kinds of communication devices. connections for all kinds of communication devices.

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkHome Network with Existing Phone WiringHome Network with Existing Phone Wiring

Home PNA Home PNA (Home Phone line Networking (Home Phone line Networking Alliance) - allows you to network your home Alliance) - allows you to network your home computers using telephone wiring. computers using telephone wiring.

PNA adapter card PNA adapter card -- an expansion card that you an expansion card that you put into your computer to act as an doorway for put into your computer to act as an doorway for information flowing in and out. information flowing in and out.

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworkPeer-to-Peer Home NetworkHome Network with Existing Phone WiringHome Network with Existing Phone Wiring

Figure D.3Figure D.3Home PDA Network Home PDA Network page 430page 430

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications


Internet AccessInternet Access

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Internet AccessInternet Access

Ways to Access the Internet at HomeWays to Access the Internet at Home

1.1. Telephone line and a telephone or dial-up modem. Telephone line and a telephone or dial-up modem. 2.2. Telephone line and a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Telephone line and a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

modem.modem.3.3. Cable TV line and a cable modem.Cable TV line and a cable modem.4.4. Satellite dish and a satellite modem. Satellite dish and a satellite modem. 5.5. Provider that offers wireless connection for your Provider that offers wireless connection for your

notebook. notebook.

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Internet Access Internet Access

BroadbandBroadband - a high-capacity - a high-capacity telecommunications pipeline capable telecommunications pipeline capable of providing high-speed Internet of providing high-speed Internet service. service.

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Internet Access Internet Access Telephone or Dial-Up ConnectionTelephone or Dial-Up Connection

Telephone modem - Telephone modem - a device that connects your a device that connects your computer to your phone line so that you can access computer to your phone line so that you can access another computer or network.another computer or network.

Figure D.4Figure D.4The Role of a Telephone Modem The Role of a Telephone Modem page 431page 431

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Internet Access Internet Access Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - a high-speed Internet a high-speed Internet connection using phone lines, which allows you to use connection using phone lines, which allows you to use your phone for voice communications at the same your phone for voice communications at the same time.time.

Figure D.5Figure D.5DSL Internet Access DSL Internet Access page 432page 432

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Internet Access Internet Access Cable ModemCable Modem

Cable modemCable modem - a device that uses your TV cable to - a device that uses your TV cable to deliver an Internet connection.deliver an Internet connection.

Figure D.6Figure D.6Cable Internet Cable Internet AccessAccesspage 433page 433

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Internet Access Internet Access Internet over SatelliteInternet over Satellite

Satellite modemSatellite modem - a modem that allows you to get - a modem that allows you to get Internet access from a satellite dish.Internet access from a satellite dish.

Figure D.7Figure D.7Satellite Internet Satellite Internet AccessAccesspage 434page 434

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Internet Access Internet Access Internet Access on Multiple ComputersInternet Access on Multiple Computers

Network address translator (NAT) – swaps Network address translator (NAT) – swaps messages between the private, internal IP messages between the private, internal IP addresses, and the public IP address, addresses, and the public IP address, when moving information between the when moving information between the Internet and network computers.Internet and network computers.

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Internet Access Internet Access Wireless Internet ConnectionWireless Internet Connection

Wireless Internet service provider Wireless Internet service provider (wireless ISP)(wireless ISP) - does the same job as - does the same job as standard Internet service providers except standard Internet service providers except that you don’t need a wired connection for that you don’t need a wired connection for access. access.

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Internet Access Internet Access Wireless Internet ConnectionWireless Internet Connection

Personal digital assistant (PDA)Personal digital assistant (PDA) - a small - a small hand-held computer that helps you surf the Web hand-held computer that helps you surf the Web and perform simple tasks such as note taking, and perform simple tasks such as note taking, calendaring, appointment scheduling, and calendaring, appointment scheduling, and maintaining an address book.maintaining an address book. Palms Palms and and Handspring - Handspring - run on the run on the Palm Palm

Operating SystemOperating System PocketPCPocketPCs - run on s - run on Pocket PC OSPocket PC OS

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Business NetworksBusiness Networks

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Business NetworksBusiness Networks

Client/server networkClient/server network - a network in - a network in which one or more computers are servers which one or more computers are servers and provide services to the other and provide services to the other computers which are called clients.computers which are called clients.

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Business NetworksBusiness NetworksClient/Server: A Business ViewClient/Server: A Business View

Client/server networks differ according to Client/server networks differ according to three factors:three factors: Where the processing for the presentation of Where the processing for the presentation of

information occurs.information occurs. Where the processing of logic or business rules Where the processing of logic or business rules

occurs. occurs. Where the data management component (DBMS) Where the data management component (DBMS)

and information (database) are located. and information (database) are located.

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Figure D.8Figure D.8Model 5: A Model 5: A Personal Data Personal Data Warehouse in a Warehouse in a Client/Server Client/Server ImplementationImplementationpage 436page 436

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Team Work

What Sort of Computer Network Does Your School Have?

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The Five Models of Client/ServerThe Five Models of Client/Server

1.1. Distributed Presentation Distributed Presentation The server handles almost all functions, including a major portion of the The server handles almost all functions, including a major portion of the

presentation. presentation.

2.2. Remote PresentationRemote Presentation The client handles all presentation functions. The client handles all presentation functions.

3.3. Distributed LogicDistributed Logic The server handles all data management and the client handles all The server handles all data management and the client handles all

presentation formatting, and the logic processing is shared.presentation formatting, and the logic processing is shared.

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4.4. Remote Data ManagementRemote Data Management The server handles data management only, and the client The server handles data management only, and the client

processes business rules and formats the presentation of processes business rules and formats the presentation of results.results.

5.5. Distributed Data ManagementDistributed Data Management The client handles all presentation formatting and business rule The client handles all presentation formatting and business rule

processing, and both the server and client share data processing, and both the server and client share data management duties.management duties.

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Figure D.9Figure D.9Five Models for Client/Server Five Models for Client/Server ImplementationImplementationpage 438page 438

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On Your Own

How Is a Server DifferentFrom a Client?

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Business NetworksBusiness NetworksClient/Server: A Physical ViewClient/Server: A Physical View

There are many physical There are many physical implementations of client/server implementations of client/server networksnetworks

Conceptually, large networks work on Conceptually, large networks work on the same principles as small onesthe same principles as small ones

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You still needYou still need Network cardsNetwork cards HubsHubs SwitchesSwitches RoutersRouters Communications media andCommunications media and Network operating systemsNetwork operating systems

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Figure D.10Figure D.10Model 3: Client/Server Model 3: Client/Server Implementation for Implementation for Employee Pay RaisesEmployee Pay Raisespage 440page 440

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Communications protocolCommunications protocol ( (protocolprotocol) - a ) - a set of rules that every computer follows to set of rules that every computer follows to transfer information. transfer information.

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Figure D.11Figure D.11A Typical Client / Server A Typical Client / Server Network for a Medium-Network for a Medium-Sized BusinessSized Businesspage 441page 441

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Peer-to-Peer Home NetworksPeer-to-Peer Home Networks Internet AccessInternet Access Business NetworksBusiness Networks LANs, MANs, WANs, and LANs, MANs, WANs, and

Communications MediaCommunications Media Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

LANs, MANs, MANs and LANs, MANs, MANs and Communications MediaCommunications Media

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaClassification of Networks by Classification of Networks by

Geographic DistanceGeographic Distance

Local area network (LAN)Local area network (LAN) - - covers a limited geographic distance, covers a limited geographic distance, such as an office, building, or a group of buildings in close proximity such as an office, building, or a group of buildings in close proximity to each other. to each other.

Municipal area network (MAN) -Municipal area network (MAN) - covers a metropolitan area.covers a metropolitan area.

Wide area network (WAN)Wide area network (WAN) – – covers a large geographic distances, covers a large geographic distances, such as a state, a country, or even the entire world. such as a state, a country, or even the entire world.

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaTelecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry InformationTelecommunications Media: The Paths That Carry Information

Communications mediaCommunications media - the paths, or physical - the paths, or physical channels, in a network over which information travels.channels, in a network over which information travels.

Wired communications mediaWired communications media - transmit information - transmit information over a closed, connected path. over a closed, connected path.

Wireless communications media -Wireless communications media - transmit information transmit information through the air. through the air.

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Wired Communications Media include:Wired Communications Media include: Twisted-pair cableTwisted-pair cable Coaxial cableCoaxial cable Optical FiberOptical Fiber

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Wireless Communications Media Include:Wireless Communications Media Include: MicrowaveMicrowave SatelliteSatellite InfraredInfrared

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaBandwidthBandwidth

Bandwidth - Bandwidth - refers to the amount of refers to the amount of information that a communications information that a communications medium can transfer in a given amount of medium can transfer in a given amount of time. time.

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaWired Communications MediaWired Communications Media

The simplest type of twisted-pair phone cabling The simplest type of twisted-pair phone cabling (Cat 1) provides a slow, fairly reliable path for (Cat 1) provides a slow, fairly reliable path for information at up to 64 kilobits per second information at up to 64 kilobits per second (Kbps).(Kbps).

A better type (Cat 3) provides up to 10 megabits A better type (Cat 3) provides up to 10 megabits per second (Mbps). per second (Mbps).

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Coaxial cable (coax) - Coaxial cable (coax) - one central wire one central wire surrounded by insulation, a metallic shield, and surrounded by insulation, a metallic shield, and a final case of insulating material. a final case of insulating material.

Coax is the kind of cable that Coax is the kind of cable that delivers cable television delivers cable television transmissions and also carries transmissions and also carries satellite TV from the dish to satellite TV from the dish to your house.your house.

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Optical fiber -Optical fiber - uses a very thin glass or uses a very thin glass or plastic fiber through which pulses of light plastic fiber through which pulses of light travel. travel.

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaWireless Communications MediaWireless Communications Media

Wireless communications media radiate Wireless communications media radiate information into the air, either very information into the air, either very narrowly beamed or in many directions like narrowly beamed or in many directions like ripples from a pebble tossed into a pond. ripples from a pebble tossed into a pond.

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaInfrared and Omnidirectional Microware for Short DistancesInfrared and Omnidirectional Microware for Short Distances

InfraredInfrared - a wireless communications medium that uses - a wireless communications medium that uses radio waves to transmit signals or information.radio waves to transmit signals or information.

Microwave Microwave transmission - a type of radio transmission. transmission - a type of radio transmission. BluetoothBluetooth WiFi WiFi

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaDirectional Microware for Medium DistancesDirectional Microware for Medium Distances

Repeater - Repeater - a device that receives a radio a device that receives a radio signal, strengthens it and sends it on. signal, strengthens it and sends it on.

Figure D.12Figure D.12Microwave Microwave TransmissionTransmissionpage 444page 444

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LANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaLANs, MANs, WANs, and Communications MediaSatellites for Long DistanceSatellites for Long Distance

Communications satellitesCommunications satellites - microwave - microwave repeaters in space. repeaters in space.

Figure D.13Figure D.13Satellite Satellite TransmissionTransmissionpage 445page 445

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Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service Providers

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Communications Service Providers Communications Service Providers

Communications service providersCommunications service providers - third - third parties who furnish the conduit for information. parties who furnish the conduit for information.

Public networkPublic network - a network on which your - a network on which your organization competes for time with others.organization competes for time with others.

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Communications Service Providers Communications Service Providers

Figure D.14Figure D.14Comparison of Comparison of Types of Types of Network Network OwnershipOwnershippage 446page 446

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Private networkPrivate network - communications media that your - communications media that your organization owns or exclusively leases to connect organization owns or exclusively leases to connect networks or network components. networks or network components.

Value-added network (VAN)Value-added network (VAN) - a semipublic network - a semipublic network that provides services beyond the movement of that provides services beyond the movement of information from one place to another. information from one place to another.

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Virtual private network (VPN)Virtual private network (VPN) – – uses uses software to establish a secure channel on software to establish a secure channel on the Internet for transmitting data.the Internet for transmitting data.

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Communications Service ProvidersCommunications Service ProvidersKey Considerations for Communications MediaKey Considerations for Communications Media

To determine the most To determine the most appropriate communications appropriate communications medium, you must consider:medium, you must consider: Capacity Capacity ReliabilityReliability CostCost DistanceDistance MobilityMobility

Team Work

What’s the Big Deal with Frequencies?

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Summary Summary Student Learning OutcomesStudent Learning Outcomes

1.1. Identify and describe the four basic concepts Identify and describe the four basic concepts on which networks are built.on which networks are built.

2.2. Describe how to set up a small peer-to-peer Describe how to set up a small peer-to-peer network at home.network at home.

3.3. Compare and contrast the various Internet Compare and contrast the various Internet connection possibilities.connection possibilities.

4.4. Describe client/server business networks from Describe client/server business networks from a business and physical point of view.a business and physical point of view.

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Summary Summary Student Learning OutcomesStudent Learning Outcomes

5.5. Define and compare local area networks Define and compare local area networks (LANs), municipal area networks (LANs), municipal area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). (WANs).

6.6. Compare and contrast the types of Compare and contrast the types of communications media.communications media.

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Summary Summary Assignments & ExercisesAssignments & Exercises

1.1. Investigate Cell Phone TechnologyInvestigate Cell Phone Technology2.2. Find out about Personal Digital AssistantsFind out about Personal Digital Assistants3.3. What Are the Internet Access Options in Your What Are the Internet Access Options in Your

Area?Area?4.4. Investigate Building Your Own Home NetworkInvestigate Building Your Own Home Network5.5. Investigate Satellite RadioInvestigate Satellite Radio

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