8PALESTINE-ISRAELSDGs

SHARING ECONOMYEDS UI KALEIDOSCOPE

NEWSLETTERV O L U M E 0 8 . D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 5

EDS UI

editor’s letter

Hello, guys

Welcome to

the eighth

volume of o

ur Newslet

ter!

This is the

last newsle

tter in Gab

riel Charlo

tte Wa-

jong’s Presi

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Newslette

r that will b

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blished in

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ncy, we del

iver to you

the

theme of "

change" in

this volum

e, “The Wo

rld Has

Changed”.

We can an

alyze, We c

an analyze

whether

or not thes

e changes

are for the

better.

We hope i

t will stimu

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esire for kn

owled-

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EDS UI 2015

01

team

EDITOR IN C

HIEF: Gaya

tri Kancana

MANAGIN

G EDITOR:

Ratna Gand

ana

LAYOUT AN

D DESIGN: I

reisha Anind

ya

PUBLICATI

ON: Imam Ta

ufiq

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Gayatri

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:

English Deb

ate Society U

niversitas In

donesia

02the ra

ising of pa

lestine’s fla

g

in UN

0415-ye

ar promise

07the ri

se of sharin

g economy

the rise of

sharing eco

nomy

10EDS U

I kaleidosc

ope

table of

contents

THE RAISINGOF PALESTINE’S FLAG IN UN& WHAT IT MEANS FOR THEIRQUEST FOR INTERNATIONALRECOGNITIONBY : KRISTI ARDIANAA nation state can be considered a

legitimate state if four elements of what constitutes a “state” are ful-filled, which are: permanent resi-dents, sovereign territory, legiti-mate government, and formal rec-ognition from other states or Inter-national community. For Palestine, the latter one is highly difficult to attain.

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A NATION STATE can be considered a legitimate state if four elements of what consti-tutes a “state” are fulfilled, which are: permanent residents, sovereign territory, legitimate govern-ment, and formal recognition from other states or International community. For Palestine, the latter one is highly difficult to attain.

The quest of freedom, full sovereignty to de-termine their faith, and international recognition of the existence of the State of Palestine are part of the struggles that Palestinians have been fighting for centuries. They have been trying to reach their dreams of being able to live in their own land that is free from confiscation, oppression, and exploita-tion from Israel for decades. The Israeli–Palestinian tion from Israel for decades. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has its roots in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Palestinians became very vocal to fight for their civil and political rights since 1920 when the rising tide of European Jewish immigration happened. In that year, Jews who believe that the land of Palestine is a promised land from God, as what is written in the Bible, migrated to Palestine to what is written in the Bible, migrated to Palestine to avoid persecution in Europe. Palestinians’ worst ni-ghtmare is that the mass influx of Jews immigrant to Palestine will lead to the establishment of Jews state (Israel) in Palestine. Therefore, Palestinian showed their anger and resistance. Since then, cla-shes between Israel and Palestine started to break out consistently, from the first and second intifada, bombings of Gaza strips, full scale invasion of the West Banks, and launching of rockets. Besides using military approaches, Palestine Besides using military approaches, Palestine has also been trying to use diplomatic approaches to deal with Israel. An important milestone of Pale-stine’s diplomatic step to fight for their freedom is the establishment of The Palestine Liberation Orga-nization (PLO) in 1964 and since then it has been

the embodiment of the Palestinian national move-ment. It is a broad national front that The Arab Summit in 1974 recognized as the “sole and legiti-mate representative of the Palestinian people” in In-ternational organizations. Palestine’s effort to be recognized by the inter-national community is majorly reflected by their at-tempt to negotiate to be permanent member state of United Nation. But the path for Palestine to be a permanent member in United Nations is never a smooth one. Israel, which is a faithful ally of United States (a major power state in United Nations) always tried to lobby United States to stop Palesti-always tried to lobby United States to stop Palesti-ne achieving their purpose. Now, things are get-ting better for Palestine, since they’re successful at gaining new status in United Nations as “non-mem-ber observer State” in 2012. But on September 10, 2015 history is made. Amidst heated debates about the political value of symbolic gestures, the General Assembly adopted a resolution allowing the raising of flags by non-member observer States. Under cloudy skies, the politically sensitive flag raising ceremony took place at 1:16 p.m. at the U.N.'s Rose Garden. The political gesture of United Nations to recognize Palestine’s flag shows that for Palestine, freedom is not an impossible ac-complishment, and Palestine enters a phase of a complishment, and Palestine enters a phase of a more hopeful future for their people in which the International community recognizes their existen-ce.

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ANOTHER 15-YEAR PROMISEBY : REZA MARDIANMillennium Development Goals (or

more popularly known as MDGs) is an international promise estab-lished by our world leaders back then in 2000. They promised that by 2015, they will have overcome eight big global problems which are poverty and hunger, universal are poverty and hunger, universal education, gender inequality, child mortality, maternal death, HIV, sus-tainable development, and global partnerships. As simple as they sound, each of them actually has more specific indicators that can be analyzed by numerical judg-be analyzed by numerical judg-ments. Now that 2015 has come to an end, exactly on my birthday (yay), United Nations has finished crafting and has published the reso-lution that’s officially called “Trans-forming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develop-ment Goals”.

THREE YEARS AGO, I competed in a competition that invi-ted youth all around country to talk about what should United Nations does when Millennium Development Goals elapse at 2015. Well, in case you’re not aware, Millennium Development Goals (or more popularly known as MDGs) is an international promise established by our world le-aders back then in 2000. They promised that by 2015, they will have over-come eight big global problems which are poverty and hunger, univer-sal education, gender inequality, child mortality, maternal death, HIV, su-stainable development, and global partnerships. As simple as they sound, each of them actually has more specific indicators that can be analyzed by numerical judgments. Now that 2015 has come to an end, exactly on my birthday (yay), United Nations has finished crafting and has published the resolution that’s officially called “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals”. Now, International Community makes a bigger promise that in 2030, our world will be transformed, at least in these 17 sectors. With the total of 17 Goals (as you can see from the picture below), we have new promi-ses to look forward to. That is basically the main difference: new bigger goals. In MDGs, child mortality, maternal death, and HIV are three diffe-rent Goals, but in the current Global Goals for Sustainable Development, all of the aforementioned goals are in one big umbrella: good health and wellbeing. Despite that difference, just like MDGs, The Global Goals of Sustainable Development also has its own indicators. You can check it on the website yourself. What I can tell you is that the total of the indica-tors are 169 targets. Of course this number is bigger and more specific compared to the previous MDGs.

PICTURE: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/summit

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5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere5.2. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation 5.3. Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation 5.4. Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public servi-5.4. Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public servi-ces, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life 5.6. Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences 5.a. Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws 5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications tech-5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications tech-nology, to promote the empowerment of women 5.c. Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

EXAMPLE OF IDICATORS:FIFTH GOAL: Gender Equality

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For that reason, frameworks or sustainable development goals like those ones actually trigger in-ternational community to tackle their issues. If it’s not brought up, it won’t be done right. Sustainable Development Goals bring the sense of urgency which also trig-sense of urgency which also trig-gers all stakeholders to participate in it. For example, from 2000-2015, research grants for maternal health, children, and HIV are everywhere. It’s not that hard for scientist and NGOs to look for fund to execute their projects, same stories applied in company choosing particular CSRs to be implemented. Not only that, SDGs provide numerical analy-sis that can be measured and evalu-ated in a certain amount of time. That is basically how we can really see whether or not we have done our best in tackling our problems locally or even globally. This can also be utilized for policy-making in parliament.

However, Sustainable Develop-ment Goals also have some ineffi-ciencies. It’s not legally binding and it relies on the willingness of the countries to execute the goals. Of course there will be annual eva-luations and controls, but eventual-ly, there are no policies that enforce these goals to be achieved locally. At this point, we shouldn’t really rely with these goals. Hence, what should we do? The simplest thing we can do is being critical in every policy imple-mented by our local government. We can just tweet to create aware-ness or even write. If we’re old enough to vote, this is the time to really analyze the candidate that po-tentially can be committed to the SDGs. The toughest thing that we can do is creating change by youth movements. It can start by planting trees or even conducting prestigio-us conferences. It is a15-year pro-mise, but our government is not alone. They have each and every one of us. Let us participate.

THE RISEOF SHARING ECONOMYBY : ELVIA SUMAYASTRA

Time has rolled by ever since, when almost every economic activi-ty is accommodated through a few clicks away in mobile applications--when collaborative consumption, also known as sharing economy, is on the rise.

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10 YEARS AGO, if a person were to travel to another town, she would have to call the hotel several days beforehand to make a reservation. She would also have to call multiple hotels to find the best rates. When she arrives, she would have to line up for a cab or reserve one at a higher price. At the hotel, either she eats the pricey menu from the hotel restaurant or spend extra to stroll around and look for cheaper food. Time has rolled by ever since, when almost every economic activity is accommodated through a few clicks away in mobile applications-is accommodated through a few clicks away in mobile applications--when collaborative consumption, also known as sharing economy, is on the rise. The economic system that enables users to rent their resources had risen rapidly in the last five years. It is still expected to rise for years to come by many researchers. AirBnB, currently the world’s largest accom-modation provider, hosts over 20% guests more than Hilton worldwide each night. Yet the mind-blowing thing about it is, unlike Hilton, AirBnB owns no real estate. The same thing goes for Uber, undoubtedly the lar-gest taxi company in the world, that owns no vehicle on its own. Alibaba also makes it to the list as the largest retailer in the world with zero inven-also makes it to the list as the largest retailer in the world with zero inven-tory. The list goes on and on. It has since then created many thoughtful debates among entrepreneurs, academicians, and policymakers. Sharing economy, for starters, allows people to make money out of their underutilised assets. Be it unused cars or extra room at home, usual-ly they are being rented out at a cheaper price than the conventional ac-commodations. This is due to the decreased transaction costs. Conve-niently, this also means that consumers pay less for a service. The big companies play an intermediary role that charges a fee for every transac-tion made through their application. In the macro level, it contributes to the state in growing economic opportunities and giving additional income to households. Even more, the intermediary nature of sharing economy generates a high degree of flexibility in conducting businesses compared to its co-nventional counterparts. People are able to participate in the economy without having to commit full-time, as the process of transaction only requires clicking several terms and agreements pages in the website. Opting out also seems more doable, since people who created listings do not have to go through bankruptcy or lose a property. In a way, it bene-fits all parties.fits all parties.

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However, beyond those apparent advantages, the sharing economy also has several imperfections. It includes regulatory uncertainty. As a relatively new busi-ness model compared to the conventional system, there has not been any defini-te laws worldwide that regulates the collaborative consumption system. AirBnB, for instance, had reportedly violated 72% of state zoning regulation by New York State Attorney General in October 2014. Two of most popular destination cities in the world, namely Berlin and Paris, had banned regular short-term ren-tals--that is the AirBnB’s business practice--without prior permission from autho-rities. Not only that government receives a lot of lobbying against sharing econo-my by business incumbents, but it also gets difficulties in crafting the proper re-gulations for the particular business model. It includes the type of taxes that need to be collected from the business--whether they should be charged by the same amount of their conventional competitors’. Moreover, the challenges that the company faces is different in each country and region in which it operates. So while the transaction cost is made cheaper, companies still have to spend a lot more in lobbying governments to settle the regulations. Aside from the tax and regulation, another imperfection of the sharing eco-nomy system is their insurance policy. People who participate in the business are basically making transactions with complete strangers, in some businesses letting those strangers be around their private property like houses or cars. Iden-tities are easily faked and the existing insurance policies by the big companies, according to some experts, are not enough to meet the worst possibilities. Preceding cases like the destruction of property in Canadian AirBnB listing and Gojek drivers who are intruding passenger’s privacies are just the lightest examples of what could happen. It is still unclear who holds the responsibility of paying insurance under the economy. Indonesian Gojek company, for instance, claims that the company does not currently hold legal liability for breach of pri-vacy done by its drivers, since it is a tech company and not a transportation com-pany. The narrowing down of definition is still arguable since the governments at the first place have not drawn their best policies to regulate sharing econo-at the first place have not drawn their best policies to regulate sharing econo-mies. The sharing economy plays an important role as a new kind of capitalist tran-sactional activity that can scale to bring betterment towards many actors. As it is growing at a speedy rate, all of the stakeholders need to collaborate in making the most suitable policies in regards to the system. That is the only way it can pre-vent further possible harms and continue benefit the society.

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10

january- Claiming the runner-up title in the ESL Grand Final of Malaysia WUDC 2015, so close to winning, as well as reaching EFL Semi Final.- Hosting the 18th IVED at UI, back home to where it was first ever held.

- Claiming the runner-up title in the ESL Grand Final of Malaysia WUDC 2015, so close to winning, as well as reaching EFL Semi Final.- Hosting the 18th IVED at UI, back home to where it was first ever held.

januaryfebruary-Claiming a Champion title in speech compe-tition and two Grand Finalist titles in Asian English Olympics 2015 on Valentine's Day.

-Claiming a Champion title in speech compe-tition and two Grand Finalist titles in Asian English Olympics 2015 on Valentine's Day.

februarymarch

- Achieving an all-UI Grand Final in ALSA Unpad and snatching the Best Speaker title.- Achieving an all-UI Grand Final in ALSA Unpad and snatching the Best Speaker title.april

- Championing the first ever National Mariti-me Debating Competition.- Holding our 4th TRAP (Training on Rebut-tals, Arguments, and Principles): Wear Your Thinking Cap, Learn How to Trap!- Bringing the ALSA UI trophy back home for the 16th time. It's our first Classic's title this year!

- Championing the first ever National Mariti-me Debating Competition.- Holding our 4th TRAP (Training on Rebut-tals, Arguments, and Principles): Wear Your Thinking Cap, Learn How to Trap!- Bringing the ALSA UI trophy back home for the 16th time. It's our first Classic's title this year!

aprilmay

- Celebrating our Sweet 17th Birthday. Keep shining bright like a candle in the dark, EDS UI!- Issuing our 6th volume of newsletter, a spe-cial birthday edition.- Championing the English Fiesta 2015, now in BP-format, with three teams in the Grand Final!- Delivering our newbies' debut into a BP-for-mat varsity debate, NNDC.

- Celebrating our Sweet 17th Birthday. Keep shining bright like a candle in the dark, EDS UI!- Issuing our 6th volume of newsletter, a spe-cial birthday edition.- Championing the English Fiesta 2015, now in BP-format, with three teams in the Grand Final!- Delivering our newbies' debut into a BP-for-mat varsity debate, NNDC.

may

june- Getting our second Classic's title of the year. Our youngest batch, 2014, brings home the JOVED champion title for the 9th time!

- Getting our second Classic's title of the year. Our youngest batch, 2014, brings home the JOVED champion title for the 9th time!

june

KALEIDOSCOPEEDSUI 2015

2015 has been a year with many memories for EDS UI. All the achievements, events, and every feeling we share with our members and Indone-sian Debating Community is worth remembered. They are all contributing in changing EDS UI to be better and better as more years coming. Here are some remarkable moments of 2015 that BE can capture. Only few ones compared to what’s been capture. Only few ones compared to what’s been captured in your memories, though!

2015 has been a year with many memories for EDS UI. All the achievements, events, and every feeling we share with our members and Indone-sian Debating Community is worth remembered. They are all contributing in changing EDS UI to be better and better as more years coming. Here are some remarkable moments of 2015 that BE can capture. Only few ones compared to what’s been capture. Only few ones compared to what’s been captured in your memories, though!

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july- Achieving the champion title of HAMED, claimed by our 2014 newbies in this lazy holi-day season! Debating is just in our blood.

- Achieving the champion title of HAMED, claimed by our 2014 newbies in this lazy holi-day season! Debating is just in our blood.

julyaugust- Issuing the 7th volume of our newsletter.- Taking off to Pontianak for NUDC and brin-ging home a 2nd runner-up title and secu-ring another take-off to Thessaloniki WUDC 2016!- Celebrating the graduation of our senior members (batch 2011, 2010, and 2009).

- Issuing the 7th volume of our newsletter.- Taking off to Pontianak for NUDC and brin-ging home a 2nd runner-up title and secu-ring another take-off to Thessaloniki WUDC 2016!- Celebrating the graduation of our senior members (batch 2011, 2010, and 2009).

augustseptember

- Kickstarting the semester with our Just For Fun Debate!- Co-organizing a high school debate com-petition with The Jakarta Post Foundation, one of Indonesia's most reputable newspa-pers.- Welcoming our latest batch of newbies, 2015!

- Kickstarting the semester with our Just For Fun Debate!- Co-organizing a high school debate com-petition with The Jakarta Post Foundation, one of Indonesia's most reputable newspa-pers.- Welcoming our latest batch of newbies, 2015!

september

october- Reaching another Grand Final round in Ma-laysia on Asian British Parliamentary 2015's EFL category.- Snatching the Newbies champion title on batch 2015's debut of varsity debate in Asian format.

- Reaching another Grand Final round in Ma-laysia on Asian British Parliamentary 2015's EFL category.- Snatching the Newbies champion title on batch 2015's debut of varsity debate in Asian format. november

- Successfully "invading" Yogyakarta and sna-tching two champion titles of ACDC and GMDT in one weekend!- Co-organizing a public debate about stun-ting and health issues in commemorating Na-tional Health Day with the Ministry of Health, Republik Indonesia.- Organizing the last but never the least of our Trifecta: Founders' Trophy! It's the first experience of hosting a competition for batch 2015.

- Successfully "invading" Yogyakarta and sna-tching two champion titles of ACDC and GMDT in one weekend!- Co-organizing a public debate about stun-ting and health issues in commemorating Na-tional Health Day with the Ministry of Health, Republik Indonesia.- Organizing the last but never the least of our Trifecta: Founders' Trophy! It's the first experience of hosting a competition for batch 2015.

december- Closing the year with our accountability report and presidential election for Board of Executives 2015.- Welcoming the new Board of Executives to fill next year's kaleidoscope with more me-morable moments!

- Closing the year with our accountability report and presidential election for Board of Executives 2015.- Welcoming the new Board of Executives to fill next year's kaleidoscope with more me-morable moments!

8EDS UI NEWSLETTER VOLUME 08