8th Grade Benchmark Review to include 6th & 7th grade content review Name___________________

(6.8 A) Classify the following images as Potential or Kinetic Energy. Use a P for potential and a K for kinetic.

1. _____ 2._____ 3. ______ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____

__________________- stored energy such as gravitational energy when you lift an object off the ground or elastic energy when you stretch a rubber band.__________________- the energy of motion, the faster an object is moving, the more kinetic energy it has.

What 2 places on the graph is potential energy is the greatest?

Where is the kinetic energy the greatest?

(6.8 C,D) Answer the following questions using the distance and time graph on the right.

a. How many total miles did the car travel?

b. What was the average speed of the car at point E?

c. Describe the motion of the car between 5 and 10 hours.

d. Describe the motion of the car between points D and E.

(6.8C) Use the formula for speed to calculate the following distance and time measurements.

1. Speed = _______________ ÷ __________________

2. A car travels 300 km in 3.5 hours. What is the car’s average speed?

3. A cheetah runs 3600 miles in 6 hours. What is the cheetah’s average speed?

(7.12 D) Below is a list of plant and animal cell organelles to review. Identify the numbered structures and list their primary function.

StructureFunction

1. _______________ ______________________2. ________________ ______________________3. ________________ ______________________4. ________________ ______________________5. ________________ _______________________6. ________________ _______________________7. ________________ _______________________

(7.12 B) Identify each body system and list its primary function.

System____________________ System___________________ System___________________

Function___________________ Function________________ Function____________________

__________________________ _________________________ ___________________________

System_____________________ System___________________ System_____________________

Function____________________ Function__________________ Function____________________

___________________________ __________________________ ___________________________

System_____________________ System____________________

Function____________________ Function__________________

____________________________________________________

(7.7A) The transfer of energy from one object to another is called work.

Work = _____________X______________

Use the information and diagram below to answer the questions.

1. A student needs to move the box onto a table that is 2 meters high. She uses 10 newtons of force to move the box.

A. How much work is done if she lifts the box straight up onto the table?

B. How much work is done if she pushes the box up the incline?

2. The boy in the picture is pushing against the beach ball with 20 newtons of force. The ball does not move. How much work is he doing?

(8.6B) Place a checkmark in the box to indicate if it is an example of Speed, Velocity, or Acceleration

Example of Motion Speed Velocity Acceleration

A greyhound dog can run about 40 mi/hr.Monarch butterflies fly 12 mi/hr south as they migrate.A car slows from 60 mi/hr to 25 mi/hr.A car turns left while maintaining the same speed.A trip from Austin to Dallas takes about 3 hours going 65 mi/hr north.Canadian geese can fly approximately 75 miles in 3 hours.A car increases speed from 30 mi/hr to 65 mi/hr.

(8.6C) Decide which law best represents the image. Write why it is an example of that law in the appropriate box.

Image 1st Law 2nd Law 3rd Law

Empty

Vs.

full

Swimming

Golf ball

on Tee

(8.6A) Analyze the forces that are acting on the objects below.

In the picture above, two teams of students are playing tug-of-war. Each team is pulling in the opposite direction, but both teams are moving in the same direction. Which of the following best describes the forces in this situation?

A. The forces are balanced and the net force is zero.B. The forces are balanced and Team A is exerting a greater force.C. The forces are unbalanced and Team A’s force is greater. D. The forces are unbalanced and Team B’s force i s greater.

(8.6A) Calculate the net force

a. Net force: ______________ Balanced/unbalancedDirection object moves______________

b. Net force: ______________ Balanced/unbalanced

Direction object moves______________

Net force: ______________ Balanced/unbalanced

c. Direction object moves______________

(8.6C) Calculate the force, mass, or acceleration. F=MA (Newton’s Second Law). ….USE THE TRIANGLE

Force Mass Acceleration Show your work

150 N 6 kg

12 kg 18 m/s2

744N24 m/s2

480N 15 kg

73 kg 93 m/s2

(8.5 B,C) Use your periodic table to fill in the chart below.

Name of element

Atomic number

# of protons

# of electrons

Category of element(metal, nonmetal, metalloid)

Valence electrons( gp #/column #)

( no # larger than 8)

# of orbital’s(period /row #)

Beryllium

14

10

13

The ___________________ determines the elements identity. The Atomic # ________________ from left to right.

Atomic Number = _______________&______________ Mass Number - Atomic Number = ________________.

Elements in the same period have the same number of _____________________.

Elements in the same group have the same number of _______________________ and react _________________.

(8.5D) Write the formulas for the following compounds when O = S = H =

____________________ _____________________ ____________________

(8.5 E) List 5 pieces of evidence that show that a chemical reaction has occurred.

1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. _________________ 5. _________________

(8.5D) ID the number of elements, molecules, & atoms in the compounds below

Compound

# of elements

Molecules Element

atoms Element

Atoms Element

Atoms

5Fe(OH3)2

3Al3(SO4)3

4Mg2Cl3

12K3PO3

MgSO4

(8.5 A.B) Fill in the chart with the particle information

Atomic Particle Charge Location Mass

Proton

Neutron

Electron

(8.7B) Determine the moon phase for each diagram.

1.____________________________________2._________________________________________

LABEL THE MOON PHASES ON THE LEFT. SHADE IN THE MOON PHASES ON THE RIGHT TO SHOW THE PHASE AFTER THE NUMBER OF DAYS INDICATED. LABEL THE PHASES YOU HAVE CALCULATED/DRAWN.

IN 7 DAYS WILL BECOME

___________________ ___________________

IN 14 DAYS WILL BECOME

___________________ ___________________

(8.7C) Spring Tides occur during a ______________ or _______________ moon. Spring tides result in the _______________ high tides and _________________ low tides. Neap tides occur when there is a _____________________ or a ______________________ moon. Neap tides have the ______________ tidal variance.

Spring = ________________ lineNeap = _________________ angle or perpendicular

(8.7A) The rotation of the earth on its own axis creates __________________________. The 23 ½ degree tilt of the earth as it revolves around the sun create ________________________. Summer occurs in the northern hemisphere when the North Pole is pointed _________________ the sun. It is winter when the North Pole is pointed ____________ from the sun. In March and September, the North Pole is neither pointed toward or away from the sun and the earth.

Summer _______________= more solar energy resulting in longer days (more hours of daylight)

Winter _______________= less solar energy resulting in shorter days (less hours of daylight)

Vernal and Autumnal ________________ = equal amounts of solar energy (equal amounts of day and night hours).

The earth rotates and revolves ________________________. The _______ degree tilt is the reason for seasons.

ROTATION CREATES REVOLUTION

DAY & NIGHT 23 ½ TILT

(COUNTERCLOCKWISE & TILTED) (CREATES SEASONS)

(8.8A) How might scientists describe the following galaxies?

1. Spiral Galaxy-_____________________________________________________________________________2. Barred Spiral Galaxy-_______________________________________________________________________3. Elliptical Galaxy-___________________________________________________________________________4. Irregular Galaxy-___________________________________________________________________________

Which category of galaxy do we live? ___________________ What is the name of our galaxy?_________________

Where would you find our solar system within our galaxy? ______________________________________________

(8.8 B) Our sun is a __________________ sized star. The sun is our closest star at approximately 8.3 light minutes away. It is the source of all __________ on earth.

A ___________ is a cloud of gas and dust in space where stars are born. A stars age can be determined using a H-R Diagram to compare the star’s __________________ & _______________________. Stars spend most of their life cycle within the ________________________of the H-R diagram. Our sun is about half-way through its life cycle and is a main sequence star.

1. What is measured on the y-axis_______________________2. What is measured on the x-axis_______________________3. Name a very hot, very bright star______________________4. Name a very bright, cool star _________________________5. Name a star that is bright in spectra class B______________6. Name a star that is about 6000 K and has a luminosity of 1.

___________ What category is it in? ___________________

(8.8D) A Light year is the distance that light can travel in one earth year.

It takes 1.3 sec. for light to travel to the moon.

It is ____ light________away?

It takes 8.3 minutes for light to travel to the sun. It is ________ light _____________ away?

The Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light years away. It takes _______ _____________ for light to travel to Proxima Centauri

(8.8C) Wavelengths travel through the earth’s atmosphere with varying frequencies.

What wavelengths in the image above have a measured frequency of about 1014? __________________________

Objects in space that are redshifted are moving ________________________________________________________

Objects in space that are blue shifted are moving _______________________________________________________

(8.9B) PLATE TECTONICS-In 1912 ____________________________________ proposed that all continents were once joined as a single landmass called _____________________. He proposed a theory called continental drift. He said that the continents fit together like a _____________________ and that there were matching ______________ and _________________ on the continents of South America and Africa. The modern Theory is called ______________ _______________ and says that the crust is made up of moving plates. Sonar was able to detect underwater mountain changes and ridges where the seafloor was ____________________. They also bands on either side of the mid-ocean ridges that showed that magnetic ___________ changed every few thousand years.

(8.9A) What feature will be formed at each of the following plate boundaries?

1. Continental/continental convergent ________________________________________

2. Oceanic/continental convergent ___________________________________________

3. Oceanic/oceanic convergent ______________________________________________

4. Continental divergent ___________________________________________________

5. Oceanic divergent _________________________________________________________

6. Transform boundaries _____________________________________________________