iiBy Kendrick RichardsLIVING i" Chlna now ia like

being in tho midst of thoj transformations of thc Arabian

Nights. Even to ono familiarT.ith the Orient it ia somotiraea aurprialngto rcalize how the Chineae loan on America

for guidanoc in establishing thomselvesunder the republic. Thc United Statca iaiheir model of Christian civilization and

our institutions are their ideals.

"A new democracy is now making on the.oil of ancient China, and the contributionof this yellow raco to tho world in thevears to come depends upon tho contribu¬tion of tho white race to the yellow in tho

present generation. That is why the worldmovement of the Protcstant churches of

.North America, as it applics to China,means so much."The speaker was Dr. Ralph A. Ward, a

ican-jawed, keen-eyed Westerner of theerusader type, who, though still a youngmsn, has spent years in American Churchschools in China and knows that countryand its people as few Occidentals can knowthem. He is recently from Foochow, where.t one of the four union universities inGhina, in whose support are united theMethodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, Con-gregationalists and Episcopalians.Dr. Ward is a Methodist, associate execu-

tive secretary of the centenary committee ofthat church, which started this world-widenovement, and will have charge of the worldjurvey which precedes the laying out of thecampaign in which are united all theProtestant denominations on this continent."It was the Church," went on Dr. Ward,

"which carried the message of Americandemocracy and Christian ideals to China,ind what the influence thus exerted has al¬ready meant is shown in the Chinese dele-ption to the peace conference which isiooking the Japanese delegates to Paris10 gquarely in the face. One of the twoChinese delegates, Dr. C. T. Wang, is a

jroduot of St. John's School at Shanghaignd was at one time general secretary ofthe Y. M. C. A. in China. He graduatedfrom the Chinese government universityat Peiyang and then came to this countryind took a degree at Yale."Lu Tseng-hsiang, Minister of Foreign

Affairs, and the other principal on thepeaw delegation, married the daughter ofa distinguished Belgian offi.ier in 1899, andthey are bringing up their children in theChristian religion. Of the* a^lier membersof the Chinese delegation. Dr. Vi Kyuin Wel-lington Koo, Chinese Minister to the UnitedStates, and Alfred S. K. Sze, Chinese Minis¬ter to Great Britain, are both St. John'sSehool boys. Dr. Koo is one of the mostbrilliant of the younger Chinese, and whenhe came to Washington at the age of thirty,three years ago, he was the youngest diplo-matic representative ever accredited to thiscountry."Dr. Koo is a gradnate of Columbia and

is a master of international law. He wasPresident Yuan Shih-kai's private secretarybefore being appointcd to Washington."In China we are dealing with a race, not

merely a nation. The outstanding struggleofthe next century may be between theyellow race and the white race, Much de¬pends upon the extent to which the prin-ciples of justice and world friendship pre-tail at Versailles, and far more dependsupon the spreading of the gospel of uni-versal brotherhood which underlies allChristian civilization, however far we maylometimcs depart from it."Aa China goes in the next two decades,

M goes the whole Orient for the next cen-tay. China is the centre of an interna¬tional problem which has on its circumfer-ence Russia in Asia, Japan, the UnitedStates in the Philippines, France in Indo-China, Siam, the Xetherlands in the EastIndies and Great Britain in Malaysia andIndia, The whole Orient is a single prob¬lem, and its centre is appallingly weak.

;'/'W*th tne possible exception of Japan,.tbei entire Far East is moving toward de-,,B««racy and republican institutions. Ap-.Pkcation to those backward racea of the.jrmcipler for which thc great war has been*aged and won will eventually give self-Sovernment to every race in the Eastern.«Nispherc. But self-government on the«her 8,de of the globe can hardly movenster than China establishes sound institu-uong."China i8 in anarchy. Robber bands pii-m the country lying back from the high-**ys of international commerce. Rival»rt:es incite revolution after revolutionm national control. Central authority is

.*.»«. Provincea, districts and cities do¦** M they please. The aoldiery is broken

dl8i'-tegrated units, and where local

As WeBy Andre Cheradame

New York TribuneSpecial Cable Service

.¦^WrUht, ui9/ Ntw Tork Trtbiw# inc-)PARIS, March 22. .The conference

.ecms anxioua to arrive as soon asPosaibha at tho signature of peace

th* «r&ther than Peaco itaelf. Faccd by

^* opartactde movement, which in a large.are U a German manoeuvre, many mem-

** « the peace conference aay: "We must,^to * luick conclusion or we will haveihr?y t0 t*«*t with." Xobody seems to

treat *

What W°uld happen if« whcn the*hifif .* *,*fT"'<1' t,ie German governmentor^n ««ned it ahould dissolve at once in.f nU* *V0'd C8rr>'*n»< out th« conditions

p**c*-»hich is very probable.

W *arpTi,in« to ¦*»«.* how systemat--*fiL tH Ie*ding men of th« conference

». to take into account the most evi-«aJA .

"' For im,tl-nc,!* They deplorei2r,|,m.,» *<-".»*". They t*.tify to its%' uk,r&cUr' b,it aometimes they^_ Aft«r ali the ordeais they havej"J« through the Allie, are unable to

-^2ST,*,,r *lth th* Bol*h«v--'-" Thoae***tif!k thU* d° n<* ***m *° bo aw*re

JWr' *lUm %h* comP»«t'*>n of the«**a£l n «pK»niz»^«n the treaty#ito!l f °8t *° *i*n wlU n<* h.ve the** *»eU4 ln»P«rt«HC*, for cerUinly it will<.****!.*,*? .60M ** iU J*""-'-""' of theJJ*«-»o1.Ii«vlk forces aiiowa the Ce,-v.T *.*«»« its uppHeatioa,

leadership is weak these terrori/.c thc peo¬ple.

"Undernoatll all tho political, economicand social dlsordors 1 io thc spirituul <le-ficienclos Of the Chinese. 'I hc nation ishoneycombod with dishonesty and graft;there is no patrlotism or honor 113 we knowthem, nor concern for thc weak or unf'it;and evorywhere are superstition and igno-rancc.

"Yet China is alngularly open to Ameri¬can influonco. Back of tho American mis-sionary in China are all that the UnitedStates stands for in the eyes of tho Chi¬nese, Western civilization and the influenceof centurics of Christian idcalism."Why, do you know," nnd Dr. Ward's

eyes lighted as he said this, "Yuan Shih-kaicame to us after thc revolution had beensuccessful and wanted to make Methodismthc state religion of China. We told himAmericans didn't do things that way. Theywanted all kinds of help in those days, andalways they looked to the Americans for it.We were close to thom. One judge whowas at the head of many courts wanted U3to establish prison chapels in all the prisonswithin his jurisdiction, and asked us to per-mit him to turn over to Christian orphan-ages all the children who came before thecourt."He asked me to get him the codified

laws of that state in the United States in

|. which the laws were most nearly ideal, andsuggestcd that that state would doubtlessbe New York."

Dr. Ward could hardly repress a smile."Well, I wrotc a lawyer friend of mine

in Massnchusetts and put the request beforehim, and at length he replied that hethought the laws of Maine more nearly fittcdthe conditions. So I asked him to send on a

copy of the Maine code, and he did. It costme $9 to get this great lawbook bound insheep out to Poochow, and when it gotthere a change in local politics had resultedin putting this judge out of office, and Istill have on hand a perfectly good copy ofthe codified laws of the state of Maine."A college professor whose insfitution

draws from a city of from 500,000 to 750,-000 people came to me to know if I couldget a set of the county laws of the UnitedStates, which he had understood wouldbe a reliable guide for county and provin-cial laws there. My legal friends tell methat if United States law is weak anywhereit is in our county laws, and I wasn't ableto help my friend as much as I would liketo have done."The downfall of the Manchu monarehy

in 1911 broke the unifying cord of nationalpolitical life in China, but through age-long tradition some manifestation of na¬tional unity held good, and to an extentstill does. For the time being the republicseemed on some sort of solid foundationand the world heralded a wonderful, blood-

less revolution, which ended In a mirage.Tho rrpublic was established simplythrough the exchange of official positionson the part of a few tens of folks."Chinn didn't have the men to take over

the offices and cventually they were backln tho old hands or some local dictator hadsp'rung up for a brief reign of terror andpillago, Wc had one such in thc city whereJ was, who niodelled his rule much on thatof nn old-time Tammany leader, but in theend he grew to be bo troublesome that lo¬cal business men got together and paid hima large sum to leavo town."Other nations Btood aside in 1911 to

allow a reasonablo time for readjustmenta,even though foreign commerce was de-moralized for the time. Then came thewar and China served herself well in be¬coming an active member of the Allics andfurnished 230,000 workmen for the Frenchfront. Her place in the war was a minorone, but her representatives naturallyshared in various councils and Chinese phy-sicians, trained in Western medical schools,were on the inter-allied sanitary commis¬sion. All along the line Chinese leaderswere thrown into world thinking with thoseof other nations."Thus China's interests will be consid-

ered in the peace settlements as theywould not have otherwise and some of theseleaders who have touched shoulders withmen of other nations on international planswill lift Chinese thought in its relation tothe rest of the world to a higher level."Other nations have been so busy in the

war as to remove from China the diplo-matic pressure which for a half centuryhas enforced some show of government sta-bility, at least where maritime commercewas vitally affected. The coming of peacewill mean pressure upon China to set herpolitical house in order."The Chinese revolution meant only the

disappearance of the top of the old govern-mental system. The vastness of the coun¬try, the isolation of its different sections,the imperfect means of communication, thedcarth of popular cducation and the lack sf men of modern thinking with sufficicnt

leadership have left the old government byprovinces and prefects to disintegratcdowly."Ninety-five per cent of the people of

China are illiterate, and in that fact thereliea the danger that modern cducationmeans only the power for plunder unlessunder the direction of Christian peoples.For the nonce Japan leads the Oricnt, butit is China and her millions which givesignificance to her leadership. China hasone-fourth of the human race.

"The removnl of a unified central power:apable of policing the nation, the fcrmentDf modern cducation and the world-widedesire for democracy have tendcd to brcakjp the social and political foundation3 ofChina from their very dcpths during the

seven years of the republic. In many partsbandits have pretty much the right of way.Even the main routcs from Chcngtu, thecapital of the great province of Szechwan,where tho revolution began, have becomepractically impassablc. But during theyears of thc revolution the lives and prop¬erty of aliens.and especially of whites,and more especially of Americans.werosacredly guarded."They nceded our aid and sought it often.

Tho few educated men, and that meansthose who had attended our schools, werein such demand that often one would holdseveral oftices. The collcction of customswas a serious problem. In Foochow theyinsistcd on the monitor of thc college be¬coming thc local customs oflicer, and forsome time he didn't know what to do, as

he didn't wlsh to give up preaching. Atlength ho decided to eive the customs worka part of his time, but sought to draw sal¬ary only from that and none from us. Wecouldn't permit that, of course, and in theend he withdrew from government workand stayed with us, where he is of thegreatest value in dealing with the nativeChristians."People who think only in village terms

are distressed by the pillago a/id increas-ingly difficult financial conditions, and thosewho are striving for mastery in larger po¬litical units are likewisc distressed overthe way in which China's resources notonly remain undeveloped in any adequateway, but are continually mortgaged moreand more to outside powers and foreigncapitalists whose money is borrowed by a

political faction ruling for the moment andhelping itself to tha Kpoils, but acccptingno responsibility for a constructive pro¬gramme leading to nationul solvency."Because of these conditions there is a

longing for deliverance, peraonal and na¬

tional, in thc minds of both maaaea andclasses in China. It in believed by wholeranges of the population that Western etl-ucation is essential for the solution of herproblems and along with that belief is thefeeling that the religion of the West, whichis inseparably bound up with tho best ofWestern education which has come to Chinaduring the last century, is likewisc essen¬tial to China's salvation. Tho Chineselook to Christianity as a possible means ofsalvation from conditions which are be¬coming more and more unbearablo.

"The commercial pressure on China grow-ing out of the present world plans of thenations will force China to a speedy politi¬cal houseeleaning and settlement of herinternal disorders will bring to tho frontmen of modern cducation, who were for-merly completely submerged and even un¬

der the new government have been rcle-gated to subordinate positions. Even therepublic has put at the top often men ofthe old training and of very conscrvativetendencies, not to say reactionary."World commerce and the neace table de¬

mand a China built along modern lines andgreater recognition must be given the prod-ucts of modern education. Tho men andwomen trained in church schcols will havea far greater influence in China in the nextfew years than ever."

For a moment Dr. Ward looked out intobusy Fifth Avenue and it occurred to methat perhaps he was bringing his thoughtback to America, but he was sending it stillfurther afield.

"In addition to China's problem,* hesaid, "there is that of Malaysia, the cradleof a new race. The Malay archipelago isthe richest undeveloped country in thoworld. It has a population to-day of 80,-000,000 and scicntists say it is easily ca¬

pable of supporting six times that number.Another century will see it with 500,000,-000 people, very likely. The Chinese are

going down there to the number of 250,000every year and 60,000 Indians are flockingthere annually. The Chinese are doing thobusiness of Malaysia and will continue todo so.

"Chinese revolutions are largely en-

gineered and financed from Malaysia, justas Latin-American revolutions are fomentcdin New York.

"This island nation has a million squaremiles, which, properly developed, could fecdall China and India. The British adminis-ter the Malay Peninsula and North Borneoand the Dutch hold Sumatra, Java, Wei IBorneo and Celebes. Th«» tendency of theChinese here is toward the Christian re¬

ligion. The Methodist Church has in Singa-pore in the Anglo-Chinese College the onljschool of college rank within a radius oitwelve hundred miles of that city, drawin|from a population four-fifths as large ai

that of the entire United States!

"This college has the support of thc Chi¬nese business men of Sinrrapore and round-about, even of those who are not Chris-tians. While I was there last one of themgave a $50,000 subscription toward itsfinances. 'It is not that I believe as you dothat I give this,' he said, 'but my race hassuch need of education and you people havethe goods, as you say in America. I wantto help you deliver them.'

"I am somctimes asked if the Chinese are

really open to education and can be easilyshown the advantages of Occidental waysand methods. There is only one answer.

They are still bringing iron ore down thomountainside in handbarrows, and China-men are making steel in the great mills atHankow for a wage of $7.50 a month in our

money, while steel workers performing thesame operations in the great plants at Lo-raine, Ohio, for instance (I happen to bopersonally familiar with those), are gettingfrom $3 to $6 a day, but it isn't that theChinaman wouldn't be very glad to come

up to the American level."Far from it. You show a Chinaman a

picture of the Brooklyn Bridge or one ofthe magnificent bridge3 recently thrownacross the Mississippi and contrast it witha picture of one of their rustic foot bridgesacross important streams, which carry -i

volume of travel far greater in proportionto their size, and you hardly have to doany talking at all. He can get it; and thebest of it is the Chinaman beiieves he canlearn the ways of Western civilization, andit is astonishing how he does learn."

Yet thia immense danger could easllybe avoided if instead of the anxiety toprepare for peace on paper the conferenceunderstood that it must first end the warand bring about in Europe, above all, astate of things guaranteeing peace. It isnot thus that they proceed.

Time Lost in DiscussingPlans for World PeaceAfter losing precious time in discussing

the league of nations the conference nowwants hastily to polish off problcms asvital as that of repuration, whose solutionneeds painstaking study if wc 'are to avoidtho early bankruptcy of the European Al¬lies. All Fronchmcn, except the Bolshevikiand Germanophiles, demand that tho Alliesshould proclaim that the German peopleowes reparation for all the damage, directand Sndirect, which it has caused, amount¬ing to the colossal figure of 1,200,000,000,-000 francs. Tho French know very wellthat Germany could never pny such a fan-tastic bill, yet they belicve that Germanyshould be proclaimed responsible for allthe consequences of her crimes. What theGerman people owe and what they ean payare two essentiuliy different questions.

It is thc full, unquestioned right of theAllies lo proclnim tbe French demand andto take «uch step* nn, with the help oftifflf and nMWMftry moderiition, will pormil

| the German« to make ull repuration possi-

ble. These Btepa will be found in the an-

alysis of the financial system I have al¬ready explained to the readers of The Trib¬une.that is to say, a moderato German an-

nuity payable over a long series of yearsand this annuity forming the basis of re-

deemablc inter-AUied loans, It is true thatthis will exact from tho Germans only a

small part of what they really owe. Tenbillion francs annually for sixty years, cal-culated on the basis of actual value (1919),that is to Bay, taking into account tho fiuc-tuation of interest the proposed system al-lows the Germans, represents only 189,-000,000,000 francs. An annuity of 15,000,-000,000 for sixty years represents only284,000,000,000 francs, and 20,000,000,000 forsixty years only 379,000,000,000.Icbb thana third of what the Germans in strictright Bhould pay to the Allies^.1,200,000,- j000,000 francs.

Whether the German annuity be ten,fiftcen or twenty billions remains a ques-tion of cquitable division among thc Allies.that is to say, it must bc on the propor-tion of the contributions made by each oftho Allies to the common victorv. It hasbeen proposed to divldo tho German in-demnity on the pro rata expendltures ofmoney made by each of the Allies. Thiameana all fotms of oxpundituro mnde tosecuro tho common victorv. From thiavicwpoint thc money exponditures mustnot only be catiitiated nccordinrr to theuggregutc 4-utlay of tho atatc, but uccord-

Ing to the per capita of citizens. It is:lear the country whose peoplo expended5,000 francs per head for the common de-fence made a far greater sacrifice thanthe one the per capita cxpenditurc ofivhich is only 1,000 francs. Men kiiled inthe war also represent an immensc capi¬tal, and therefore really a war expendi-ture, and justice demands that account betaken of the number kiiled in each Allied:ountry. If we wish an equitable divisionaf the German indemnity we cannot put on

the same basis n country which lost 100,-100 men and one which lost a million men.

The length of particination in the war

because of the disorganization thus pro-duced should also be taken into considera¬tion. What is more, the uninvaded coun¬

try ennnot mako the same claim as theand cruelly invaded, which, in becoming a

:ommon battleground, makes further sacri-ices in order to hold off thc ngony of in-¦asion from other lands. Justice demands;hat account be taken of the various ele-nents in thc aggregate state exponditures,.he pdr capita cxpenditurcs of livea fost,tho length of pnrticipation nnd the factor)f invasion.Tho solution of tho varioue rcparation

iroblcms is subordinato to tho absolutolisarmament of Germany. Wo may be suro,hat even if Germany signs nll she is asked,o sign she will pay only when she cannotlo otherwiae when she is diaarmed. Ivould like to remork that ln theae modernlnya it is much easier to uceure the dis-

armament of a state than in those ofNapoleon. After Jena Napoleon dis-armed Germany by means of a treaty, butnot long after the Germans were able toresume fighting. In Napoleon's day thcmanufacture of armaments was a simplebusiness and did not require special andcomplicated machinery and large expendi-tures. It was easy to make them. To-day billions are required to eonstruct warmaterial necessary for armies, and a vastcomplicated machinery must be installedto bring armies into being. That is whya re.nl, lasting disarmament of Germanywould be easy to obtain if the necessaryconditions are resolutely imposed. Wemust not only disarrn Germany, but wemust also prevent her rearming. To dis¬arrn her we must destroy or carry awayall armament of nny sort found in Ger¬many.

Police Force NeededFor Home ProtectionGermany must have ;v police force, but

we mu»t see that the arma of this policeforce are not increased. We must remem-ber that if Germany is disarmed she willnot huve revolutionary troubles, and withoutan army these cannot last. So in order toassure that tho police force will not growinto :m army we must arm it with gunsnnd revolvers made outside of Germanyin the I'nited States, for oxamplo.German disarmament aBBured; the second

great safoguard against the rcKirth of tho ]

lerman pcril is the creation of solid anti-'erman states in Poland, Bohemia, a de-locratized Hungary, Rumania and Jugo-llavia. Some among the Allies doubt thealue of the creation of these states, hav-ng recently seen the Czechs confiictingvith thc Poles in regard to Teschen, thetumanians quarrelling with the Serbians inegard to the Banat of Temesvar, and theugo-Slavs in grips with the Italians. No->ody regrcts this rivalry more than I do,iut after the cnormous repeated faults ofhe bigger states during the war and sincehe opcning of the conference we cannoteasonaWy ask that the small states beerfect, Moreover, the differences amonghe small states concern small pieces oferritory, while the creation of these statesncans tho certain damming in of the pan-Jerman influence over cnormous geograph-cal tracts. Then there is the influence inhe conflicts of the Slav and Latin statesf the German propaganda, eager to inspirehe Allics with doubts on the buildiug ofhe new Europe, and also the Italian prop-ganda. which, to aid the Italian impcrial-3t ambitiona on thc Adriatic coast, is readyo incite the Rumanians against the Jugo-llava in order to render the latter suspectii all Allied countries.

Want Allies to HoldOamig to Save PolandBut the creation of the.se new states will

o durablo only if based not on treaty but

on fact. That is why, I repeat, it is abso-lutely indispensable to the Allies to occupyDanzig, for without this port and thePolish region surrounding it Poland can-not live as an independent state. lt is alsoof immense importance to isolate EastPrussia from the rest of Germany, for EastPrussia is the country of great landed pro-prietors and those Prussian junkers who arethe real source of the pan-Gcrman spiritand whose suppression is indispensable tothe peace of the world. For the Czechs themost urgent necessity is to feed them.

They are in a pcculinr Bttuation. Havingdone great things for the Entente, theybelieve they are getting worse treatmentthan the Germans, who are being fcd by ourbaneful ideologists. The Jugo-Slavs are thevictims of Italian imperialism, which isputting forth an intensive and most blam-able propaganda in orvler to get Fiume.

If this iniquity is committed, if Fiume 1sgiven to the Italians, the Allies will soonhave cause to repent. for a conflict, whichwould be an inevitable consequence. wouldfollow immediately. To bo just is still thebest means to assure peace. But justice canbe based only on a careful study of reali-tiea. That is why justice suffercd ko muchbecause of thc time lost in wiphing lirstto build up an immense editice of a societyof nations.That i* why thc great majoritv of

Frenehmen b.lieve. with good srns'e, inoeace first aud the league of nations »uw.