JESUIT-GUARANI REDUCTIONS

TOUR

Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia

Richard Kane, Brazilianist

Inquiries: rfranklinkane@gmail.com

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D R I V E , T R E K O R B I K E : D I S C OV E R T H E O R I G I N S O F O U R N E W W O R L D

C I V I L I Z AT I O N

SÃO MIGUEL DAS MISSÕES -RIO GRANDE DO SUL

“You cannot write the history of Brazil {or the New

World} without dipping your pen in the blood of Rio

Grande.”

JESUIT REDUCTIONS: CULTURAL SYMBOL OF

MERCOSUL

Hinterland of Rio Grande

do Sul.

Primary historical exports:

yerba mate, beef jerky

SÃO MIGUEL:END OF THE RENAISSANCE

The Mannerism

of Renaissance Europe

(Jesuit Church of

Gesu, Rome) was replaced by the

Jesuit - Guarani Baroque.

GUARANI REDUCTION

Guarani mother and children as

necessity entrepreneurs,

reduced to selling handicrafts to

tourists outside the Museum of

the Missions; designed by Lucio

Costa, urban planner of Brasilia.

HISTORY S INGS! JOSÉ CARRERAS, TENOR

A caste society

Jesuit elite

Annual elections of political

rulers called caciques (chiefs)

and civil servants

Guarani poverty

BEHIND THE FAÇADE OF SÃO MIGUEL: MODERN AND POSTMODERN REALITY

ON TO ARGENTINA: RUINS OF SAN IGNACIO

MINÍ (VIDEO)

The Reductions conceptualized

as laboratories for applied social

science research

Achieved political, social and

economic control through

domestic science

From polygamy to monogamy:

transformation of the Guarani

extended family structure to the

nuclear family

All Reductions in this slide

show are UNESCO world

heritage sites.

THE ANCIENT GUARANI SOCIAL ORDER: TATAIPY

URBAN PLAN FOR THE NEW GUARANI SOCIAL

ORDER

Standard urban plan: church & workshops centered around a main plaza surrounded by Indian housing

JESUIT MUSEUM AT SAN IGNACIO MINÍ

MUSEO JESUÍTICO DE SAN IGNACIO MINÍ

Close-up

inside the

Jesuit

museum of

San Ignacio

Mini,

Argentina:

relics of the

Guarani-

Baroque

THE BAROQUE: CORNERSTONE OF EVANGELIZATION

National instrument of

Paraguay: harp

String, woodwinds and

organ music put the

Guarani into a state of

ecstasy.

JESUIT CINEMA: THE MISSION

Year: 1986

Cast: Robert De Niro &Jeremy Irons

Writer: Robert Bolt

Director: Roland Joffé

Music: Ennio Morricone

Score: ranked #1 of all-time

Oboe music sample

HISTORY S INGS AND L IVES: THE REDUCTIONS OF CHIQUITOS

The Reduction

s in Chiquitos,

Bolivia are still in operation today

The bi-annual classical music festival of Chiquitos has been sistered with the Festival of Sarrebourg (France ), one of the most important of Europe.

PRESERVATION OF NEW WORLD ARCHITECTONIC

IDENTITY

Ruins

After restoration and preservation

TEMPLE OF SAN IGNACIO: PRE & POST RESTORATION

PARAGUAY: LA SANTISIMA TRINIDAD DE PARANÁ

TRINIDADE: UNIVERSAL URBAN PLAN

PARAGUAY: LA SANTISIMA TRINIDAD DE PARANÁ

THE RUINS OF TRINIDAD

RUINS OF TRINIDAD

BELL TOWER: RESTORATION COMPLETED IN 2008 , F INANCED BY

GERMAN EMBASSY

COLLEGE CLASSROOM &PLAN OF STUDY: THE RATIO

STUDIORUM OF 1599

HERITAGE TOURISM: DISCOVER THE

ROOTS OF ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY

AND GLOBALIZATION

THE THIRTY REDUCTIONS AND THEIR TERRITORIES

15 in Argenti

na

8 in Paragu

ay

7 in Brazil

V I S I T T O S Ã O P A U L O : B A N K I N G A N D F I N A N C I A L C A P I T A L O F S O U T H A M E R I C A

Founded in 1554 by Jesuit missionaries as headquarters for their work with the Guaraní Indians, Sao Paulo gave the Jesuits control over both ends of the slavery dialectic and allowed them to perfect historical materialism before tutoring Marx on the topic, according to ex-Jesuit Alberto Rivera.

MAP: SLAVE CAPTURE INCURSIONS BY PAULISTA

BANDEIRANTES

The Reductions were military fortresses built on high ground featuring Guarani cavalry.

JESUIT-GUARANI REDUCTIONS: B IRTHPLACE OF CENTRAL BANKING

CONDITIONS OF PROPERTY AND RELATIONS OF

PRODUCTION

The economic basis of the Reductions was theocratic and congruent with main tenant of Marx’s Communist Manifesto: from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.  According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the land and all that stood upon it belonged to the community, but was apportioned among caciques (mayors/chiefs) who allotted to the families under them.  Agricultural equipment and draught-cattle were loaned from the common supply.  No one was permitted to sell his plot of land, house or Abamba, meaning “own property.”  Yet the individual efforts of the Indian families did not yield the desired surplus, so priests set aside separate plots cultivated by common labor in common fields known as Tupanba, or “God’s property.”  Livestock herds were God’s property too, and the production of these fields and herds were placed in a “common storehouse,” or central bank, and saved as a reserve supply for unforeseen contingencies, and also as a medium of exchange for European imports.  The yield of the private fields and family labor was credited to them individually through barter system so that each received the goods he desired in exchange.  That the common storehouse of the Reductions is the birthplace of central banking has been illustrated by Eric Jon Phelps.

GUARANI UNIFORMS: REDUCTION CONSTRUCTION AND

PRINTING WORKSHOP (V IDEO)

JO IN MY JOURNEY TO ALDEIA ALVORECER

Kuaray Poty, or (Ariel Ortega) & Kerexu Rete (Patricia Ferreira)