VOLUME 1 SEPTEMBER, 1936

CONISTON TOKEEP SHIELD

New First-A id Contests Announced

It Got to Be a HabitThe old expression "Often a bridesmaid but never a bride" would hardly fit

A. Dubery when it comes to first-aid championships , although it might beaimed at some of the teams against which he has competed . Seated inTriangle 's photo at the right, he has been a member of six winning Conistonfirst-aid teams In the Agnew Shield contests . Other members of the 1936 teamwhich took the Shield to Coniston "for keeps" on May 5 are : W. McKee,standing, left , member of three winning teams ; R. Gustin , standing, right;K. Montgomery, seated , left. In the centre, standing, is W. J. Warwick , divisionalsuperintendent of Coniston St. John 's Ambulance Brigade, and successful coach.Dr. W. S. Johns, divisional surgeon , was not present for the photo.

TIMID SCRIBE LOSES ALLHIS HESITATION AT FROOD

-Q

Prize CadetsCorporal Wilfred Ripley (left) and

Corporal Douglas Gathercole , voted tohave maintained the smartest deport-ment in the year's training in CopperCliffs smart Highland Cadet Corps,received their prizes at a banquet fol-lowing the 18th annual inspection of theCorps June 5. The reviewing officer,Capt. J. M. Cumming, of Toronto,heartily congratulated the unit, whichhe said was the only cadet corps carry-ing on for more than a very few yearswithout the advantage of affiliation withsome parent regiment. Orchids toLieut.-Instructor Roy C. Barnes! Andto his ranks, over 70 strong!

Triangle's "Believe-It-or-Not" Departmentdug deep into statistics, turned a couple ofcalculating cartwheels, made due allowancefor the extravagant promises of automobilesalesmen, and came up with the startlinginformation that the amount of gasoline con-sumed every day to transport Frood minersto and from their work would drive amodern light car from Halifax to Vancouverand return as far as Sudbury.

VITAL OPERATIONThis discovery will probably not cause

any great influx into Sudbury from Halifaxor Vancouver, but it does serve to bring toattention a very important and interestingpart of the operation of a mine like theFrond-the transportation of men.

Suppose we dispatch our EnquiringReporter on the trip the Frood miner takeseach working day.

To our tender sleuth's illusioned eyesthere is scenic beauty along the highwaywinding through the rocky outcrops betweenSudbury and the mine , and in the viewfinally, from a high knoll, of the Froodsurface plant in panorama.

50,000 GALLONS A DAYHe is impressed by the 600 or so automo-

biles parked outside the main gate, andlearns that one man in every five owns hisown car.

His first step , after satisfying huskypolice at the gate that he is quite as harm-less as he looks , is into the big changehousewith its 35,000 square feet of floor spaceand its lockers and facilities for 2,750 men.He learns that when the men arrive to goon shift, they find their work clothes com-pletely dried by a stream of hot air drawnconstantly through the lockers . He is alsotold that the men use 50,000 gallons of hotwater every day-an average of 20 gallonsto a man-and quite a comparison with thedays when a miner did well if he couldrustle a basin of warm water for a "lickand a promise."

Having figuratively punched one of thesix time clocks, all controlled by a masterclock in the time office, and having donned

(Continued on Page 7)

Announcement is made by G. S. Jarrett,General Safety Engineer, that Coniston

First Aid team will have permanentpossession of the John L. Agnew Shieldwhich they have won six times in succession,and that new inter-department and inter-plant First Aid competitions will beorganized.

Full details of the new contests will beannounced in a later issue of Triangle. Inthe meantime it is definite that handsometrophies will be donated both for the inter-plant event and for the inter-departmenttests in all INCO plants.

LONG SUPREMACYThis will be welcome news to despairing

First Aid squads who were beginning tobelieve that the Coniston men had some sortof a first mortgage on the Agnew Shield.Ever since it was donated in 1930 by thelate John L. Agnew, Coniston has entereda team which has walked off with it,although on several occasions by a verynarrow margin.

Fresh enthusiasm will be created by thesetting up of a new trophy, and the stagingof inter-department contests will un-

NUMBER 1

Safety Slate

doubtedly improve the standard of th e teams (Percentage Change In Accident Frequencyfrom each plant entering the grand com-petition.

for 6 Months of 1936 as Compared WithCorresponding Period of 1935)

HONOR LEADERS DEPT. DECREASE INCREASEFinal presentation of the Agnew

and smart individual Monel MetalShield

buttonsCreighton Mine ----- 9.3%Frood Mine -------- 44.3% ----

to members of the Coniston team wplace at an early date. In the me

ill takeantime,

Mines Mechanical __ 34.6%Total Mines -------- 38.2% ----the Coniston St. John's Ambulance B rigade, Copper Cliff Plant _ 28.9% ----under whose auspices the First Aid classes Coniston Plant 5.3%are held, took occasion to honor their Total Smelters ----- 23.8% -versatile Divisional Superintendent, W. J. Electrical 100 0%

- --

Warwick, and their equally hard-working ---------- .

and popular Divisional Surgeon, Dr. W. S.Johns. To the former, on behalf of theBrigade, W. Evershade presented a pen and

(Percentage Increase in Total ShiftsWorked over 1935 ------------- 22.3%

pencil set, a pipe, and a cigarette lighter.To the latter, also with the Brigade's AMATEURS INappreciation and best wishes, A. Duberypresented a pen and pencil set, and acigarette case and lighter. NOVEL SERIESOrganized six years ago, the ConistonBrigade has put some 150 men through'their First Aid examinations, averaging 12lectures to each class instead of the usualsix. The present class has 42 members.

ENTIRE ROOF OF MONELSound roofing is essential for the preser-

vation of the valuable archives of the NewYork Public Library, so the entire roof isnow being replaced with Monel Metal. Asample installation of Monel on a sectionof the roof eight years ago is as good todayas when first installed.

On LocationMiss Mary Whalen, of Copper Cliff,

recently qualified by good nature andgood looks for the unique degree ofMining Engineeress. (See Page 7)

As the old song says, "It's hard to tellthe depth of the well by the length of thehandle on the pump."

Few would have guessed that within thebig INCO family would be located such awide range of talent as appeared before themicrophone in the popular series of sevenAmateur Nights conducted this summer byCopper Cliff Athletic Association.

LARGE CROWDSOn the lovely greensward at Nickel Park

the first four contests were conducted, aloud-speaker hook-up bringing the perform-ances clearly to the big audiences. Then theseries moved to Stanley Stadium, wherecrowds of as many as 2,700 gathered toapplaud the contributions of contestingINCO employees or members of their fam-ilies from Coniston, Creighton, Frood,Refinery, and Copper Cliff.

Applause accorded each contestant decid-(Continued on Page 7)

Safety RecordImproved 64%

Co-operation of "safety-conscious" em-ployees has reduced the accident rate atFrood Mine at the present time to 36 percent. of what it was in 1930.

As Frood has grown since the minestarted, naturally standard practicemethods have been improved or newlyestablished to keep pace with develop-ments.

A general meeting of all men In asupervisory capacity is held twice eachmonth, and commencing last May theFrood Safety Department commencedSafety School meetings for the minersIn the changehouse hall. A level at atime--sometimes as many as 150 men-they receive direct Instruction In safepractice methods.

Page 2 Within the INCO TRIANGLE September, 1936

NEB QUEEN MARY IS"MONARCH OF ALLOYS"

While the new Cunard White Star liner"Queen Mary" rules the waves in her ownright as Britain's largest and fastest ship,she bows, in the final analysis, to thedevelopment of modern alloys which notonly helped to make possible her bulk andher tremendous power, but also gave to theengineers who designed and built her acreative latitude, which went far in enablingher to leave the planning boards In herpresent form.

200,000 H.P. FROM ENGINES

The "Queen Mary" is 1,004 feet long atthe water line. Her beam is 118 feet. Hertotal weight, as measured by water dis-placement, is about 78,000 tons. Yet, despitethis size she has had little difficulty inachieving a speed equal to about 40 landmiles an hour with plenty of power Inreserve. Her horsepower turbines, develop-ing approximately 200,000 horsepower, aredriven by steam from 27 oil fired furnacesat 440 pounds pressure and at a temperatureof 700 degrees Fahrenheit.

While up-to-date in every respect, thevessel, in design and equipment, tempersmodernism with conservative regard oftime-tried practice in the shipbuilder's art.The same considerations have dictated thechoice of materials for the construction ofthe vessel and her equipment. Alloys havebeen used throughout and all are of a typesanctioned by tried metallurgical practice.Some go back to the Infancy of the alloyera. Others are very much newer, but eachcame to the shipbuilders with establishedrecommendations of experience behind them.They have come not only from shipyards,but from navy yards, aeroplane plants,automobile manufacturers, locomotive worksand from the range of industries.

NICKEL ALLOYS IN FOREFRONTAlloys including nickel among their

constituent elements are in the forefront.They are used for many purposes, toincrease strength and lessen weight, toprovide long life and low cost maintenance,to furnish resistance to temperatures ofterrific intensities, to defeat corrosive attack,to improve appearance , to safeguard cleanli-ness in the galleys , and for an almostunlimited number of other reasons.

No figures are available on the totaltonnage of nickel used in the "Queen Mary."But it reaches large proportions. In hermain condensers alone , where spent steam I.converted back to boiler feed water , 162 tonsof- an alloy, containing 70 per cent . copperand 80 per cent. nickel, are used for tubesand ferrules. The same alloy is used alsoin condensers for auxiliary equipment,including more than 7 tons for the electricalpower plant condensers.

NICKEL IN ENGINE ROOMOther nickel alloys are found throughout

the engine and boiler rooms . An 8 per cent.nickel heat-resistant steel is used for vanesto force air into the oil furnaces , Anotherheatrresistant nickel-steel alloy is found inthe soot blowers used tot' boiler cleaningequipment. The nossle and deflecting bladesof this equipment are n t# of an alloycontaining 20 per cent , nickel and 28 percent, chromium, Valves and valve spindleof the blowers are made of another alloysteel containing 1 per cent. nickel and 12per cent, chromium.

Nickel-bronze alloys ranging In nickelcontent from 715 per cent. to 33 per cent. areused for parts of a variety of valves, someof which weigh between 2 and 5 tons each.In the superheated steam lines nickel-chromium molybdenum steel bolts provideextra safety margins.

GEAR WHEEL OF 80 TONS

Various turbine parts, including blading,also use nickel alloys ranging in nickelcontent from 1 per cent, to 8 per cent.Reduction gear pinions were forged from a3 per cent. nickel alloy steel. The massivegear wheel, weighing over 80 tons, has anickel steel periphery around which a setof double helical gear teeth are cut.

Pumps, upon whose dependable operationthe satisfactory performance of the vessel

depends, also make use of nickel alloys,including Monel Metal with its 67 per cent.nickel content, nickel steels, 1 per cent, to12 per cent. nickel-chromium steels and KMonet. Bilge and ballast pumps are fittedwith Monel Metal impeller and bearing ringsin a 37 per cent. nickel-bronze alloy.

30,000 ELECTRIC BULBS

In accordance with established modernpractice, nickel and nickel alloys find manyapplications in the electrical equipment.Generator control panels and resistanceunits use a 45 per cent. nickel, 55 per cent.copper alloy. Each of the 30,000 electricbulbs used to light the vessel use nickelfilament support wires. For emergency use,such as fire alarms, call bells and the like,a battery system is provided. These batteriesare of the nickel-alkaline type. Food forpassengers and crew is cooked by electricitywith the standard 80 per cent. nickel, 20 percent, chromium alloy being used for heatingelements. Passengers' cabins are providedwith electrical heaters having similar units.

Where safety precautions are concernednickel alloys also enter. The ship is literallya ship within a ship, having an inner andouter shell, the space between these beingdivided into 160 water-tight compartmentswith a similar number of hydraulicallyoperated water-tight doors. The pumps

which operate these doors have Monel Metalvalves and seats with rods of 2 per cent.nickel, 0.2 per cent, chromium steel.

NICKEL IN LIFEBOATSThe lifeboats likewise turn to nickel

alloys. These are equipped with high speedDiesel engines, in each of which are con-necting rods of 3e per cent, nickel steel,crank-shafts of 1 per cent. nickel steel, andpistons of a 1.3 per cent. nickel alloy.

Navigation on the high seas is madeautomatic by a Sperry gyro compass anda gyro Pilot, or Iron Mike, which-whenonce the course Is set-keeps the vessel onthat course until it is changed. To operatethese a high tensile nickel-chromium molyb-denum steel driving shaft is used with aMonel Metal contactor body for the electricalcontrols of the rudder.

Nickel alloys also play an important partin maintaining appearances aboard ship.More than 100 tons of nickel-silver with asatin finish have been used for lightingfixtures, grilles, doors, window frames andthe like. Faucets, and other sanitary fittingsin toilets and cabins are of the samematerial.

NICKEL-TRIMMED GALLEYS

The galleys likewise are fitted out innickel and nickel alloys. Trim, certainworking surfaces and the like are of 8-18type nickel-chromium steel. Water boilersand sinks are of Monel Metal, which alsohas been used with pure nickel for partscoming into contact with the food. In thecocktail lounge, the bar is trimmed withMonel Metal. Furniture is of nickel-chromium steel.

The entire list of alloys as used by theshipbuilders covers many pages. The metalsenter the vessel at almost every point frombow to stern and from keel to mast tip.Each application gives dramatic emphasisto the dependence of high speed transpor-tation on sea, as well as on land and in theair, on metals which men have created tomeet specific requirements. They also indi-cate the importance of nickel as a con-stituent element in these metals and revealits all-around versatility in mixing with avariety of other elements in a range ofpercentages to make better alloys.

ZINKIE HOLDS

"Daddy of them all,"

That's William Zinkie, who has the

longest service record of all employees of

International Nickel Company, Limited.

It is 47 years since as a lad of 12, hestarted In as a "nipper," carrying water and

drills at the old Stoble Mine.

is-mm HOISTSIn those , days the mines were worked

with bucket and derrick, and one of their18-Inch drum hoists would make an in-

t e restingcomparison ifplaced besidethe massive25-foot drumsof the newby - cylindro-conical hoistrecently i n-stalled atCreighton.

An earlyr eminiscencerelated byMr. Zinzieconcerns thefirst costlydelay in oper-

ations at theStobie when carelessness on the part of thecompressor operator permitted the lubricatorto go dry. With no compressed air to drivethem, all drills had to be run by hand forseveral days. Probably this incident isequally fresh in the memory of MagistrateThos. Stoddart, of Copper Cliff, who was oneof the drillers.

In the early days, Mr. Zinkie also recalls,the mines worked from an open pit, andclosed during the winter months on accountof snow, when all miners turned to cuttingwood in the bush for the roast beds. Onpay days, Sudbury merchants used to loadtheir goods on the Stobie ore train andhawk them among the miners.

SUB-STATION SINCE '10

Mr. Zinkie transferred to Copper Cliff in1903 as a hoistman, shifted here and thereon operation, and finally wound up, in 1910,as stationary engineer in the sub-station,where he has worked ever since.

He was born In Germany, but migratedto Pembroke at an early age.

BEAT SMOKE PROBLEMIn British Columbia a popular fuel for

heating homes is fir sawdust, which is hardon steel smoke stacks-a good average lifefor such stacks being about two years. Astack made of 26 gauge Monel metal install-ed in a sawdust burner four years ago isstill in good condition.

Forward Engine RoomThis galaxy of telegraph signal Instruments and power dial Indicators gives

an Idea of the complexities of the forward engine room aboard the "Monarchof Alloys," Cunard White Star 's liner Queen Mary. Signals from the bridge aretransmitted to the instruments in the foreground while the dials indicatecondition and power status of generators , condensers , main and auxiliary feeders,and watertight bulkheads and doors . A novel feature of the electrical equipmentis a Reactor-Dimmer Control of public room lighting, whereby lights In the'verandah grill, ballroom , and main lounge dim and brighten according to thepitch of the orchestra music.

ISSUE DIPLOMAS TO148 NEW ST. JOHN'S MEN

Successful candidates in examinations John Kennedy, Robt. Morrison, Wesleyconducted during March and April, 148 McNeice, Bruce Allen, Chas. R. Stemp,employees of International Nickel Company William Rogers, Patrick Heaphy, Johnplants have recently received their First Aid Walker, Alfred Cocker, Thos. McVeigh,certificates from the St . John ' s Ambulance Ainsley Roseborough, Ivan Fraser, JohnAssociation . MacKay, Aubrey Wright, Lucien Aubin,

Since 1930 more than 1,000 employees Malcolm Carey, Earl McFadden, Baynehave received instruction and passed their McKelvie , Thos . Wheatley, Ralph Kelly,St. John ' s Ambulance tests In the various Victor Vaillancourt, Alex Morrison , Georgebig adesand divisions of the district. `T'here ( if 1n.are two organized brigades, one at Coniston

Lecturer, Dr. R. B. Harris.and one at Sudbury, the latter being madeExaminer, Dr. F. M. Lively.up almost exclusively of Frood MineSuccessful candidates : Victor Gladman,ork s dditiI th ltht h.w er n a on ere are wo ea y

John Taylor, Gordon Guthrie, Camerondivisions not yet organized Into brigades:Alexander, John Williamson, RichardCrei hton and Co er Cliffg pp .

THANKS TO DOCTORSKeen satisfaction with the interest the

men are showing in First Aid work isexpressed by G. S. Jarrett, General SafetyEngineer, who pays tribute to the whole-hearted cooperation of the medical menin giving lectures and conducting theexaminations.

Following , are the examination results:

FROOD CLASSESLecturer, Dr. F. M . Lively.Examiner, Dr . R. M. Mitchell.Successful candidates: Peter Ricard,

Joseph Pogorelic, Peter Stelmack, PercyKidd, Hector Pukkila, John Maki, JosephSintich, John Tomas, Frank Staresenic,Ignace Severinac, Wilfred Hahn, MichaelKrac, Arni Koskela, Urha Nasi, WilliamManzloski, John Miller, Hilton Bruce, FrankKangas, Frank Lavigne, George Morin,Kenneth McNeill, Francis M. McAteer,James France, Wm. Young, Joseph Brat-anik, Adam Vujakalijia, Eugene Bulat, of not wearing his goggles, although he hadThomas Ballantyne, Joseph Desormeau, been supplied with them and, of course, wasKarl Sibiga.

Lecturer, Dr. F. M. Lively.Examiner, Dr. J. L. Kirk.Successful candidates: Lloyd Hanwell,

Francis Gorman, Martin Wiwichar, AmedieLapointe, Chas. Langlois, Stephen Primorac,Wm. Pajunen, Frank Pegoraro, Alex Man-diak, Thos. J. Fee, Yreo Karl, MichaelMatijevich, Sandra Salminen, Rok Grodosic.Daniel Praedovich, Mike Knysh, MichaelChargales, Frederick Levert, Joseph Zebo-kivitz, Hector Chretien, Horace Boucher,Cecil Comba, Frank Stackiewicz, GeorgeKyllanen, Vano Marttinen, Reino Koski,Mart Stipancic, Thos. Bermarija.

Lecturer, Dr. F. M. Lively.Examiner, Dr. R. B. Harris.

Successful candidates: Arvi Kaukkonen,Matt Zajc, George Noble, Stanley Wilson,Andrew Bulat, Wand Kanuch, SamuelCuthbertson, Fredrick Desormeau, Wm.Crosthwaite, Alexander Armstrong, JosephKulchyski, John Puskas, Karl Kudasich,August Wakkur, Fred Clarke, HarveyLeclaire, Albert Roy, Faces. Sante, RobertCockerline, David A. Lefebvre, Leo Horvat,Victor Sippola, George Newman, JohnStarika, Jos. Hugh Nicholls, Thos. E.Peacock, Oscar Antell, Michael Mteijko,Herman Prussi, Reino Mikkala.

COPPER CLIFF CLASSES

Lecturer, Dr. R. B. Harris.Examiner, Dr. K. A. MacLean.Successful candidates: Marshall Kostash,

Keith G. Harkins, Norman Gegear, AlexNadorozny, Bertram Logan, Robert Clark,

Williams, Chas. Wainman, Alex Blanchard,Alfred Digby, Thos. Mulligan, Byron Wood,William Yorke-Hardy, Horace Deskett, Thos.Crawther, Louis Scanlon.

CREIGHTON CLASSES

Lecturer, Dr. K. A. MacLean.Examiner, Dr. R. B. Harris.Successful candidates: Harry Stevenson,

Vencil Lesjac, Stanley Newman, LouisVerelli, Hugh Simpson, William Thibeault,Jack Thomas, Archibald Seymour, LimpioTomasini, Ralph Gomoll, Gordon Carpenter,

Jack Randall, Al, red Emblin, Arnold King,John Petrakos, Nelson Brown.

Risked His TaskWithout Goggles

Opening up a slag launder hole in Conis-ton smelter, a workman was taking the risk

warned to use them.He was pushing the heavy slag with a

bar, and as the bar went through the crust,the slag followed up the bar and a splashstruck the employee in the left eye.

He could not return to work for a month.

So They Say!It's a good thing they brought home

the picture, or else, these OntarioRefinery anglers would have had atough time proving their tall tales ofsuccess on an expedition to WhiteRiver. And, at that, maybe they boughtthe exhibits anyway: How should weknow ? Left to right : Jack Knight,Don Cowcill , Len Kitchener, and"Napoleon " the long-suffering guide.

September, 1936

Ifith,rt Tiir

i

1 for tlwe^p ThP tNi m1 f.r ji^^t^/•/ fJJTT,.,._ lied. v •EDI I1L OFFICE COPPER CLIFF,_16NT.

Don M. âunhar, Editor

VOL. 1, No. 1 SEPTEMBER, 1936

How Do You Do !E won ' t go into the pedigree part of it

^^ at all . Perhaps this new newspaper,Triangle, is by Crosscut out of Main Drift;or by Rod Mill out of Converter; or byAnode out of Tank House . We're not justsure. And anyway. It's not the pedigree thatinterests us. it's the form sheet.

Periodically the Triangle will try to pinto its pages glimpses of the fascinatingpanorama INCO paints across the industriallife of Canada and the world . It will printarticles describing in layman languagephases of operation and recent developmentsso that employees may be brought into closertouch with their company 's far-flung activi-ties . It will probe the reminiscences ofveteran workers , whose record of faithfulservice is a matter of deep pride . . It willtell what the Copper Cliff cousins, and thePort Colborne nephews, and all otherbranches of the big INCO family do withthemselves in their leisure hours.

In short, we hope it will be a familyjournal in the truest sense of the word,chronicling what goes on from month tomonth "Within the INCO Triangle." Andwe hope you ' ll like it.

Lest We ForgetT HERE could be no more fitting memorial

to the warrior dead than an institutiondedicated to the happiness of those forwhom they paid the supreme sacrifice.

This was the thought behind constructionof Copper Cliff's handsome Memorial Com-munity Hall, the suggestion of such acenotaph being advanced by the CanadianLegion and promptly and generously actedupon by the International Nickel Company.

The finishing touch to the distinguishedmemorial was added on July 24 when HisHonor the Lieutenant-Governor unveiled inits auditorium a beautiful bronze tablet onwhich are inscribed the names of the menfrom INCO towns who gave their lives in'he Great War.

Memorial Community Hall is modern andcomplete in its entertainment facilities.Residents of all INCO towns have beencordially invited to make full use of it.When they do so, they should recall thesentiment expressed by His Worship MayorCollins on the occasion of its official opening,and pause to give grateful thought to thebrace fellows whose sacrifice it con-memorates.

Object LessonsT

the columns of this and futureA issues of Triangle will be found brief

descriptions of accidents which havehappened to men in the various INCOoperations.

It is not the intention of Triangle toparade the misfortunes of these employeesas a means of censure. Surely the physicalsuffering, the worry of idle working days,end. as is the tragic result in some cases,the loss of life or limb, are ample retribution.For this reason names and dates aredeleted, and only details of the accidentsare presented.

The purpose of publishing this infor-mation should be quite clear. There is alesson in every item, and our readers areurged to study them thoughtfully and notein each -instance the error in practiceresponsible for the accident and injury,

If through this service we can be themeans of preventing even only one accident,Triangle will have been worthwhile.

Our NameplateT O the artistic talent of Mr. Fred Cowling,

of the Copper Cliff engineering depart-ment, we make grateful acknowledgementfor the nameplate adorning the front pageand, in miniature, this column of Triangle.

His skilful pen has cleverly signified thethree angles making up the big triangle ofINCO production. In the left-hand cornerthere is the miner at work undergroundwith his drill; at the top are the mill andsmelter buildings; in the right-hand corneris a casting wheel at the refinery.

As he was putting the finishing touchesto the drawing, an engineering wag lookedover his shoulder, and after a quick glance,immediately took Issue with Mr. Cowling.The smoke from the big chimney, he said,was blowing in the wrong direction! Theyargued, as engineers will, and probablyhaven't settled the point yet.

Which really didn't concern us verymuch. We picked up our drawing andhustled away, pausing only to remark thatas long as there is smoke billowing out ofall those chimneys, and plenty of it, we don'tgive a hoot what direction it blows In.

Are you with us?

Within the INCO TRIANGLE

His Honor Lieutenant-Governor Dr. Herbert A. Bruce unveiled thisbeautiful bronze tablet in Memorial Community Hall , Copper Cliff, July 24,"In Honor and Grateful Memory of the Men of INCO Towns Who Gave UpTheir Lives During the Great War, 1914-1918."

NICKEL.. . AND ITS USESNICKEL AND CHEMISTRY

... and how these two, hand-in-hand , lead the march of industry

by R. S. YOUNG, COPPER CLIFF

From the time the diamond drills boreinto the rocks of the Sudbury district tillthe finished metal, whether it be nickel,

copper, silver,gold, or oneof the plat-inum metals,is shippedfrom the re-fineries,c hemistryplays a vitalpart in theoperations ofI nternationalNickel.

Less spec-tacular thanthe swiftascent of orefrom thedepths of the

m surI1%r ackin the magnitudeits' •r hing and con-

centrating processes or the brilliance ofmolten metal or slag pouting from furnacesand converters, the laboratory operationsare only rarely glimpsed by employeek orvisitors and probably overlooked completelyby the general public.

NON-SLEEPING CHEMICAL EYEYet day and night samples of the

products of mine, concentrator, smelter, andrefinery are rapidly and accurately analyzedto determine if operations are being carriedout satisfactorily, if the products conformto the composition demanded by chemicaland metallurgical practice, and to determinehow changes in original material or inoperation affect the composition of theresulting product.

We cannot see what is actually happeningin furnaces, converters, refining tanks andmany other parts of a metallurgical industry,but a chemical analysis of the incoming andoutgoing product enables us to reconstructa picture of what is occurring in theoperations.

We use this "chemical eye" to discoversources of trouble and to follow efforts toovercome defects and improve processes.

CHARTING THE FUTUREThe indispensable functions of the

chemist in controlling and improving pro-duction, however, are only part of hisservices to the nickel industry. Greaterstill have been the contributions of theresearch chemist in extending the marketsfor the product.

One of the most remarkable features ofthe rapid rise of alloys in the last fewdecades has been the onward march ofnickel. The work of the research anddevelopment staffs at Bayonne and else-where, based on chemical foundations, hasbeen a major factor in the elevation ofInternational Nickel to the forefront ofmetallurgical progress.

Hundreds of new uses for nickel havebeen developed, and at least 75 alloys ofnickel with iron, copper, chromium, alumi-num and matey other metals are currentlyused in industry, In this task of developingnickel alloys, in which the nickel content

may range from 0.5% tohas worked hand inmetallurgist.

and research tools such as the microscope,spectroscope , and the X-ray machice rhaVV^^eebeen brought to the aid o,' the met ll rkiddlchemist.

Refinements in methods have occurred tothe extent that the deleterious effect oftraces of certain metals in beverages,fermentations, dyes, etc., has been tracedby the analytical procedures In use today.

As a result of this work a large markethas been opened for corrosion-resistantnickel and its alloys. This leads us to theother side of the relationship betweenchemistry and nickel.

NICKEL IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRYFundamental as chemistry is to the

nickel industry, nickel metal is not withoutgreat significance in the chemical industry.Nickel is used in quantities varying fromthe small heating coil of a laboratory ovento the huge vessels of pure nickel used inmany chemical industries.

It is just thirty years ago that the alloysof nickel and chromium known as Nichrome,Chromel, etc, were developed. Today theyare found in ovens, hot plates, stills, fur-naces, in fact wherever electricity is usedfor heating purposes in laboratory, plant, orhome.

Nickel and its alloys are also found inthe laboratory in the form of crucibles,tongs, supports, clamps, dishes, wire,spatulas, and numerous other pieces ofequipment.

PURITY IS ESSENTIAL

It is obvious that the chemical industries,handling a variety of substances subjectedto high temperatures and pressures, oftencorrosive, would require large tonnages ofnickel and its alloys. In many cases purityof the product is a paramount consideration,the slightest contamination or discolorationarising frorr corrosion of the containerrendering the product unfit for use.

Nickel and Monel Metal are extensivelyused in equipment for the production ofsalt, caustic soda, soaps, cosmetics andpharmaceuticals, rayon, leather, solvents fordry cleaning, photographic reagents, phenolicresins like Bakelite, dyestuffs, sugar, varnishand lacquers, coke, and in the processing

I of foods.The International Nickel Company has

recently concluded a comprehensive testinto the suitability of non-corrosive metalsfor winery application. Over 400 corrosiontests were made for a period of severalyears to determine the resistance of metalsto wine, and 125 wine samples, were com-pared to determine the tolerance of wines

80°l0, the chemist for metals.hand with the i Inconel , an alloy of nickel and chromium,

was found to be the most sati$factory and

FIX NG ALLOY STRENGTHMicroscopic examination shows that

metals and alloys are rather complex instructure and are built up of aggregatesof crystalline grains. The strength andother properties of alloys depend to amarked extent not only on the chemicalcomposition but on the arrangement ofthese grains.

Such a microscopic study is calledmetallography and is really a branch ofphysical chemistry.

Probably to many people nickel platingis the most obvious use of the metal. Theolder generationwill recall that the nickelplating of their bicycle days was neitherlasting nor brilliant. The difficulty lay inthe fact that if a heavy coating wasattempted all kinds of trouble occurred inthe plating bath.

The electroplating industry flounderedalong for years without scientific control,trying to dope baths with secret concoctionsnone of which proved effective. Carefulresearches into the chemistry of the processled in a short time to the thick, bright,adherent layers of nickel that protect andembellish innumerable objects today.

Chemistry and nickel have travelled farsince Cronstedt in 1751 and Bergman in1774 with crude laboratory equipment iso-lated nickel from a Saxony ore and studieda few of the properties of this new element.

Chemistry at that period had not shakenoff the mysticism which surrounded thework of the alchemists. Over a century wasto elapse before nickel became one of thekey metals of industry.

EQUIPMENT MUCH BETTERLaboratory equipment and analytical

methods have been improved to a remark-able degree in recent years. New analytical

is already in use in a few beverage andfood processing industries.

NICKEL GIVES STRENGTHFor purposes requiring great strength

under high temperatures and pressures, aswell as resistance to corrosive. substances,the stainless steels, nearly all of whichcontain nickel, are used . Where ordinarycast iron failed to stand up to abrasion orcorrosion in the chemical industries, thenickel cast irons have demonstrated theirsuperiority and economy and are rapidlygrowing in favor.

NICKEL AS A CATALYSTNickel is used in several important

reactions as a catalyst, i.e. a substance thatpromotes or hastens a chemical reaction.When finely-divided nickel is exposed togaseous hydrogen the latter is retained onthe surface of the metal in an active form.Enormous quantities of liquid oils and fatsderived mainly from cottonseed oil aretransformed into solid edible fats by passinghydrogen through the liquid in the presenceof finely-divided nickel.

Little does the housewife dream thatnickel is essential for the production ofCrisco, Snowdrift , and similar substitutesfor lard . Some liquid fats are also hardenedin this manner to produce soaps.

Thus does nickel , through its many andever-increasing applications in the chemicalindustries , repay the debt it owes to the 'science of chemistry on which its productionrests.

NICKEL SILVER SEALA 78-pound 18% nickel silver seal, meas-

uring 36 inches in diameter, and carryingthe city's coat of arms, is embedded in thenew city hall floor at Pawtucket, R.I.

100 Miles an HourDescribed as the "world's largest streamlined locomotives," the new 6400 type

of the Canadian National Railways are estimated to be capable of speeds up to100 miles per hour. Streamlining eliminates old familiar features like thesmokestack, bell, cow-catcher, and coupler from the locomotive's silhouette.Its cylinders are of nickel Iron, and nickel steels have been used in main andside rods, piston rods, main frames, and grossheads.

Page 4 Within the INCO TRIANGLE September, 1936

CREIGHTON LEADS INTIGHT BASEBALL RACE

Creighton and Frood have supplied mostof the fireworks in one of the best seasonsthe Nickel Belt Baseball League has seenin 10 years. The Creighton crew were astandout with their eight-straight-gameswinning streak at the start of the schedule,and Frond copped the spotlight by settlinginto their stride and taking six in a row atthe end of the season to oust Copper Clifffrom second place in the loop standing. Atthis writing (August 27) these two powerfulclubs have entered the playoffs againstRefinery and Copper Cliff.

ROUNTREE'S ACESAce chuckers of Captain Jack Rountree's

Creighton lineup are Babe Marchildon,whose fast curve ball was the big bomb ofthe Penetang barrage last year, and Wild

V

FV*Vffi*

self like Houdini getting out of a strait-jacket. He has a hot fireball, a nice changeof pace, and a tantalizing slow curve. Field-ing steadily and at times brilliantly, andbunching their hits to most advantage, therest of the Creighton club have put up areliable brand of ball all summer, to win12 and lose 3.

STRONG ENFIELDA determined drive down the home

stretch brought the Frood team into secondplace in the final standing, with 10 wins,5 losses. Perhaps the league's beat infieldis Frood's boast, with Esbaugh, Boal, Beaverand Barrett. Sprung and Fine are thisclub's leadinghurlers, andthe team as awhole can beregarded as amajor con-tender forthe season'slaurels. It'sa n interest-ing exampleof the fickle-ness of OldMan Baseballthat w h i l eFrood hashanded somepowerful11 c k ings to Bill FineCreighton this summer , it has lost three outof four to Copper Cliff, and yet the latterdidn't score a single win over Creighton inleague tussles. It must be the way you partyour hair that makes the diff.

Finishing in third place, Copper Cliff wonnine, dropped six. Tough luck seems tohave dogged the footsteps of the Cliffites.Merle Noyes, regarded as one of the club'sbest hurlers, twisted his ankle May 24thand was out of action. Jules Goldman, star

first sackerand probablythe league'sbest In thisposition, a swell as aheavy hitter,hiked awayto the Olym-pic Games tocoach Cana-da's basket-ball entry.Since JoeCostigan, ex-S a ndwichs ensation,turned out to

Bob Deacon be a cold-weather starter, the bulk of the season'schucking fell on the shoulders of reliablelittle Bob Deacon. The Cliff's championshipaspirations therefore got a rude jolt whenDeacon wrenched his shoulder and may beused only sparingly in the playoffs.HEAVY HITTERS

Refinery won eight, lost seven, and rolledup some mighty totals in its victories, dueto its fine array of batting talent. WithWoods, Watt, Baird, and Donald all hittingover .400, Re-finery boast-ed some ofthe mightiestslugging inthe loop, butits pitchingstaff failedto live up toe x pectations.Could Cookean d Wilsonhave deliver-ed a littlemore stuff onthe old apple,Refinerywould be theclub to beat

Bill Tennant,who pitchedthe 1 9 3 5Smiths FallsClub to theE. O. B. pen-nant overMcIntyre.Ten a an[t'swildness re-peatedly getsh i m i n t otough spotswhere it ap-pears all islost, but thenhe settlesdown and ex-tricates him-

Cooney Wood

for the flag. Even as it is, they've pulledout of their disastrous mid-season slump andcan he expected to make things interestingfor everyone in the playoffs.

Really a "B" club, and playing in "A"company only for the experience, and toround out the league, Coniston has sincewon the "B" championship by default fromCopper Cliff B's. Muirhead and Boulay headtheir pitching staff, and they have an out-standing backstop in Jack Wilson. Dunn, a19-year-old outfielder, is a prospect at whomthe other "A" managers cast many a covet-ous glance.

Although they won all their games in theseason ' s schedule , Buccaneers slipped whenit hurt most and dropped the Copper Cliffmidget loop championship series to Vaticans.

A group of Copper Cliff and Sudbury boyshave been lined up for a Nickel Districtjunior ball team under the management ofThos. Birney and Redmond Kinchsular, andare entering the provincial playdowns.

EVEN MUSEUMS USE ITWhen squirrels are mounted for museum

purposes, Monel metal wire is first coveredwith a stuffing of tow, or fibre, and thenused to stiffen the tails and legs. Monelalone withstands the corrosion which wouldattack other metals.

Amateur Contest WinnersThe camera wavered when it faced such a galaxy of entertainment stars,

which explains why this picture isn't as clear as it might be. These are thewinners of INCO Amateur Nights final contest. Kneeling at the left is HermanThompson, the Frood cowboy. Standing at their xylophone are J. W. Rlsdaleand J. W. Black, Refinery, and between them is Evan Jones, Copper Cliff sawwielder. Next is Ted Reed, the official pianist, and then, just up from thestopes, are the Nickeldiggers' Quartet, Toni Starkey, Bob Wagstaff, RalphHawkins, Bert McCormack, and Jack Buchanan. Completing the back row areJean and Johnny Davidson, of Creighton; Mr. and Mrs. Volts Varplo, of Frood,and F. Favretto, Copper Cliff accordtan player. Seated in front of the xylophoneare Nora and Robert McKenzie, of Copper Cliff. Members of the Frood CroatianBoys' tamburiza orchestra are: front, Mike Jankovich, Conductor Paul Celinski,Mike Dracula; kneeling, Nick Monican, Walter First, Joe Ribie; standing,George Jankovich.

Bert Flynn was "Mighty Atom"Of Ball Diamond and Net Game

Nearly 1,000 people packed the standsand jammed the sidelines of the ball parkin Cobalt that day back in the spring of1913.

The Silver City's arch-rival in all mattersathletic, New Liskeard was on hand for ascheduled baseball fixture. Rivalry wasborn easily and died hard between Cobaltand New Liskeard, and it was no laughingmatter for the home fans that their teamwas already lagging sadly in the race forthe league championship.EXCITEMENT HIGH

But this day was to see a turning of thetables. Cobalt's baseball strategists hadimported a high-class shortstop from

the news hav-ing spreadq u i c k l ythrough t h ecamp, therewas a fullturnout ofb 1 e a cheritesto watch thenewcomerhang theIndian Signon the power-ful New Lisk-eard nine.

The gamewas calledand out from Bert Flynnthe Cobalt bench snappily stepped ThomasBertram Flynn, first man up.

The crowd gaped. Usually it took at leastsix feet of hard-bitten manhood to make aball-player In those parts.

Could this little fellow be the celebratedToronto shortstop, the Moses who was tolead their children of "miseryal" out of aslump and into the promised land?

Why, he was a mere stripling.'Twas so. Flynn stood 5 ft. 21 ins, with

his insteps fully arched-weighed 120 poundsafter a big dinner.

WAVED MIGHTY BATBut he cocked himself at the plate,

hitched up his belt, and waggled a bat whichlooked as if it might start to waggle himinstead.

New Liskeard's pitcher slowly shook offhis surprise, shifted his quid to the othercheek. This would be easy. A fast onewould do it--a fast one, low and on theinside to dust the little bird away from theplate and start him back to Toronto. Hewound up, let it go.

There was the business-like crack ofhickory meeting horsehide, and meeting ithard. Flynn was away like a flash, andwhile the Cobalt crowd roared themselveshoarse, he completed the circuit of thebases for a home run!TILE TURNING POINT

Rallying behind this "mighty molecule,"the league-lagging Silver City team decis-ively won the game, and went through tocop the T. & N. O. loop championship, notonly that year but also the next.

Such was Bert Flynn's debut intoNorthern Ontario. And he's been hittinghome-runs, figuratively speaking, ever since.

Bert Flynn was born in Toronto in 1893,with a baseball bat in one hand and a tennisracquet in the other. There were seven inthe family, which is perhaps why he turnedout to be a "natural." He went to St. Paul'sSchool at the corner of Sackville and Queen,but it's still standing. He also went to St.Michael's.

The first leg of his long athletic careerwas representing his school at the CanadianNational Exhibition's track meet in 1907.A nifty little sprinter, he kept at it until

he was finally admitted into the charmedcircle of "10-second men," although his timefor the 100-yard dash was usually around11 seconds.

HIS BASEBALL BIRTHAt 16 he was launched into baseball. He

played shortstop for the Grand Centrals,the team that won the juvenile champion-ship of Toronto. They were financed byTom Flannigan and named after his hotel.The Flannigans and the Flynns got alongpretty well together.

The following year the Grand Centralsamalgamated with the Strollers and enteredthe Toronto senior league . They won theStar Trophy, emblematic of the city champ- ,ionship . The were the oungest team ever3' y a kick out of wa_tching him show the wayYo d'in Tt If Ilea of its'e2ft .t ere' istTtit 1tlr ^....

e_ll._.__

to faw5 twice his sireBert, they were probably also the smallest.Toronto Maple Leaf scouts had spotted

the Flynn, and at 18 he was signed up andfarmed out to Hamilton in the Canadianleague. The next year he secured his releaseto accept an offer from Guelph Maple Leafs,who were under the management of JimCockman and still are.

His fame as a real hustler in and aboutthe shortstop location had spread, and hegot his bid from Cobalt in the T. & N. O.league. Haileybury, North Cobalt, and NewLiskeard, were other teams in the loop. Itwas good Class C pro. ball.GETS BID FROM CLIFF

pro. team at Detroit, although he must beabout 50 now.

Of all the heavy hitters who have ham-mered the old apple in these parts, Flynnstill picks the booming bats of LeoMcLaughlin, now a Creighton hoistman;Sammy Rothschild, now of Sudbury, andCharlie O'Reilly, now a fitter in CopperCliff concentrator. From 1918 to 1925, Bertclaims, they were the three heaviest hittersin Ontario. O'Reilly still holds the Ontarioamateur record of 11 home runs in 11 games.Rothschild hit over ,400 for six years in arow, and McLaughlin was equally valuable.The pitching was no cinch, either. Theyfaced such moundsmen as Joe Spring ofToronto Oslers and Scott of Hillcrest.

But anecdotes from Bert Flynn's mem-oirs would fill a book rather than a news-paper article.

HE'S QUIETER NOWThe old heart isn't what It used to be,

and he does his playing these days from themanager 's bench while the crowds still get

Down the long windings of Ontario'ssport trail, they don't come any better thanBert Flynn of Copper Cliff.

So He Rode to theHospital Instead

Waiting to be hoisted from the 2400 levelafter coming off shift, a Frood miner oneday in March realized he had forgotten hisdinner pail.

Instead of walking back for it, whichhe had ample time to do, he and a friendcommandeered a nearby motor, althoughit is a definite rule that nobody must handlea motor without authority.

One of them acted as switchman,although he knew nothing of trammingpractice. He threw the switch the wrongway, then jumped on the front of the motor,another forbidden act.

The motor ran into a car standing onthe other track, and in the impact theemployee had the muscles of his left legcrushed and torn. He is still in hospital,recovering from his injuries,

When Cobalt played off with the Cana-dian Copper Co. team in 1914, for thechampionship of Northern Ontario, J. W.Rawlins and E. C. Lambert, who were man-aging the Copper Cliff lineup, liked the lookof Flynn out there. He liked the sound oftheir offer, since the printing game inToronto, at which he spent his winters, wasin the doldrums. So Bert Flynn came toCopper Cliff, and has been here ever since.

He'd thrown away the tennis racquetthat lay beside him in the cradle, butSmelter Superintendent Bill Kent found himanother. Bill Kent, now of New York andrecently a Copper Cliff visitor, had beenrunner-up for the singles championship atHarvard. Jim Cumming, assistant mastermechanic at the Smelter, had been CanadianIntercollegiate singles champ.

They educated Flynn in the court game.Big fellows, they could bounce the ball overhis head on their services, so he learned howto hop back from the baseline when he sawa fast one coming, scramble up the wirebackstop, and play it from there.

After a year or two he could trim themboth. Then he won the Northern Ontariosingles title 10 years in a row. Once, withJ. W. Rawlins master-minding him from thesidelines, he fought through to the semi-finals of the Canadian Open. It took Dr.Art Ham, Canuck Davis Cup player, to ousthim, 6-4, 6-3.

Either as a player or manager , and oftenas both, Flynn has led Copper Cliff baseballteams to the Ontario senior championship(1925), the Ontario intermediate champion-ship (1928), and to the provincial seniorsemi-finals five times. In '15, '17, '18 andfrom '20 to '28, he piloted his club to theNickel Belt League pennant.HIGH-CLASS PRODUCTS

He's seen some smart ball playersgroomed in this district. John Wanamaker,who caught for Sudbury in 1913, donned theNew York Giant mask in 1916. JohnnieJacobs, with Coniston in 1915, later caperedwith the New York Nationals, Baltimore,and Buffalo. Fred Walmsley, otherwiseknown as "Wiggy," bad his fling with Tor-onto Maple Leafs. Taylor, Creighton short-stop in 1916, later played that berth forChicago Cubs. Red McLaughlin, brother ofLeo McLaughlin, of Creighton, is still in amanagerial capacity with the Ford semi-

New CreightonShaft Completed

Measuring 30 ft. by 18 ft. 6 Ins. outsidethe timbers, the new six-compartment No. 5vertical shaft at Creighton Mine has beensunk to the objective of 4,074 ft., and thenext chapter in this development is to openup levels from the 42nd to the 52nd, to workthe lower orebodies of the mine.

A complete description of the new shaft,and of the huge hoist which will handle theore through it, will be published in the nextissue of Triangle. The hoist, largest everconstructed in Canada, is a bi-cylindricalconical unit.

Should Stay ClearOf Line of Blow

When an employee is at any time engagedin holding a bar or striking tool, he shouldalways be very careful to keep clear of theline of blow of the striker.

One man who didn't was a converter fitterat Copper Cliff, holding a wrench on a nutwhile his partner struck the wrench witha 16-lb. hammer . The hammer missed thewrench and hit the fitter In the face, caus-Ing a contusion of the mmth and damageto two incisor teeth.

September, 1936 Wi n the INCO TRIAN

NEW "DRY" IS GREAT ...COPPER CLIFF ADDITION

With shining Monel Metal walls and fix-tures in the big bath-houses, and streamlinecopper piping in the hundreds of feet ofplumbing connections, two of InternationalNickel Company's products return to theirnative haunts as unique features of thehandsome changehouse which the companyrecently erected and placed at the conveni-ence of its concentrator and smelteremployees at Copper Cliff.

A total of 2,160 lockers gives the newchangehouse, or "dry" as it is popularlyknown, the largest accommodation of anyplant of its kind in Ontario, exceptingFrood.

One complete floor of the "dry" is equip-ped with combination lockers, each of whichis divided into two compartments. Theemployee whose clothes are wet when hecomes off work puts them in a roomyseparate locker where he finds them com-pletely dried by a constant stream of hotair when he returns to go on shift.

Measuring 95 by 172 feet and coveringnearly half an acre, the new changehouseis fireproof throughout, constructed of tileand brick with steel columns and beamssupporting the roof and floors, and woodused only in the doors and roof. Gentlysloping concrete ramps connect the concretefloors, which in the locker and toilet roomshave a total of 17,500 square feet of masticcovering. Walls are in green and white.

TEMPERATURE CONTROLLEDThere are 1,040 lockers in each of the

main rooms on the two floors, those onthe second floor being of the double com-partment type. Apart from the latterdistinction, the equipment on each floor isthe same. Six Bradley foot-operated washfountains on each floor have mixing valveswhich constantly control the temperature ofthe water. Each is 54 inches in diameter,has a soap fountain in the centre, andaccommodates 10 men simultaneously.

It is in the complete continuous bath-houses, one of which is located in the centreof each floor, that the beautiful MonelMetal covers the walls and gleams in thefixtures. Fifty-six feet long, 13 feet wide,and seven feet high, each bath-house isequipped with soaping troughs, showers, anda drying room.

Divided into three runs, the showers haveoverhead sprays providing water at 114degrees, 75 degrees, and cold. Hot air isforced into the drying room, 20 feet long,to facilitate drying, and through a duct inthe centre of the ceiling mist and foul airare extracted to the exhaust system.

The foremen's change room has 80 dryclothes lockers, one Bradley wash fountain,and individual showers lined with MonelMetal. It is in ready communication withthe general locker rooms.

Ample toilet facilities are installed onboth floors.

POWERFUL FANS

A remarkably efficient unit is the ventil-ating and heating equipment in the base-ment of the new changehouse. A blowerfan with a free-air capacity of 36,000 cubicfeet per minute exhausts through a tubularsteam heater into the main heating duct,a 5-foot concrete tunnel running the fulllength of the building. From the main ductthe hot air is discharged through fourvertical ducts into the locker rooms. In

continuous operation, this plant completelychanges the air in the building twice eachhour.

Through vents in every locker the air isdrawn back from the rooms and down intotwo exhaust tunnels paralleling the mainpressure tunnel, and is then removed bytwo exhauster fans, each of which has acapacity of 18,673 cubic feet per minute.The three fans of the ventilation systemrequire a total of 55 h.p. for operation.

A constant supply of hot water isassured from two big tanks, four feet indiameter by 15 feet long, which holdapproximately 4,000 gallons. Heated bysteam coils, their temperature is automati-cally controlled.

FIRST-AID ROOMIn conjunction with the changehouse is

a doctor's office and complete first-aidstation, equipped with examination and dis-pensing tables, sterilizer cabinet, instrumentsterilizer, stretcher, and miscellaneoussupplies. A first-aid man is on duty at alltimes.

Commodious quarters are also providedin the building for the time office staff andfor the transportation department. Theclock-room, through which the men pass ontheir way to the lockers when coming offshift, has eight clocks and card racks toaccommodate all employees from the con-centrator, smelter, and auxiliary depart-ments.

Plans for the new "dry" and supervisionof installations were handled by The Inter-national Nickel Company's engineeringdepartment.

Fresh A ir forNorth Workings

In December of 1931, the No. 1 shaft atFrood was completed to the 3,100 level forventilation purposes. The shaft was con-crete-lined and is completely fireproof. Twolarge fans were installed at the collar ofeach shaft capable of forcing 360,000 cubicfeet of fresh air per minute into the mine.This volume of air more than satisfies therequirement of fresh air to the workman,and the clearing of ga:.es after blasting.

FAN WAS NEEDEDHowever, in 1935, with development being

carried on more than 2,000 feet north of theventilation shaft, it was found advisable toinstal an auxiliary fan if employees in thefarthest north workings were to enjoy thebest of air circulation.

Accordingly, a fan capable of circulating100,000 cubic feet per minute has beeninstalled on the 1,700-foot level. It drawsair from a system of raises through thelevels below, and assures a circulation ofair in the stopes at the extreme north endof the mine equal to that in the stopes closeto the main ventilation shaft from whichthe fresh air Is delivered.

The total amount of ore mined by INCOin 1935 would make a solid mountain 450feet in diameter at the base, 1,000 feet high,and weighing 3,382,000 tons.

New Portable Furnaces toMove Molten Copper to Refinery

molten copper from the INCO smelterdirect to th© furnaces of the OntarioRefining Co. The previous processinvolved casting the "blister" copper atthe smelter in 500 fir, cakes or stabs,loading onto a flat oar and transportingthese to the refinery where they werecharged to the anode reverberatoryfurnaces and melted down subsequentlyto he cast into anodes.

CARRIES 75 TONSThe first movable furnace ear boa

been operating for more than a mouth

and receives a charge of 75 tons omolten copper direct from the INCO eovartars. Thu Mtr is .hen trannnoover to ORCO--14 miles and the copperpoured Into the anode furnaces referredto above.

FIRST FOR COPPERAlthough the practice of conveying

molten metal over Considerable dis-tanCes has long been in use by the steellndudtry this represents the first timeIt ' ba - at a mpted with copper.

The dllustratlon above shows thefurnace after assembly at the smelterready to reed ve a refractory lining atthe refinery.

LE ge

The new Copper Cliff changehouse , or "dry," for employees of the concen-trator, smelter, and auxiliary departments, is the largest plant of its kind inOntario with the exception of the Frood "dry."

There are six of these big foot-operated wash basins on each floor.Automatic mixing valves constantlykeep the water at proper temperature.

Lustrous Monel Metal lines the wallsand gleams in the fixtures of the bigbathhouses, one of which is located oneach of the two main floors.

A corner of the first aid room,modern and complete in its equipmentand with a first aid man constantly inattendance.

60,000 Volts aTreacherous Friend

DAVEY STILLHUSKY SMITH

Except for a few months when operationswere temporarily suspended, Ben Davey haskept his anvil ringing at Creighton Minethese last 22years, and isgood formany a re-m o undingecho yet, too

When firsthe landed atC reighton,and was sign-ed on as ablacksmith byMaster Me -chanic JohnSymons, therewas just theNo. 2 shaft,and it onlydown to 10levels. Since t s se n o 3go down to the tothe 40th, and now they're burrowing theNo. 5 deep into the bowels of the earth,and Ben Davey Is wondering If they mightnot as well just send the No. 5 straightdown to China and be done with it.

A SMITH AT 17In Pool, Cornwall, England, Ben Davey

was born 51 years ago, and after his publicschool education he started as a blacksmith'shelper at 14 years of age, in the TuckingmillFoundry, which made mining machinery.When he was 17 he was a full-fledgedblacksmith at the South Crosty tin minenear Pool. When he was 21 he struck outfor the United States, and became a generalblacksmith in Calumet, Mich.

Calumet was paralyzed by a generalstrike 10 years later, so Ben Davey heededthe suggestion of his brother-in-law, HowardBodea, who was a contented miner atCreighton, and came up to Canada himself.Except for periods in 1921-22, and in 1933,when the mine did not operate and hetransferred to Copper Cliff No. 2, Frood, andMcIntyre, he has been general blacksmith tothe Creighton mechanical department eversince.

AN INCO FAMILYMarried in 1910 at Calumet, Mr. and Mrs.

Davey have lived in the same cosy home atCreighton for 18 years, and have watchedtheir family grow up in the InternationalNickel Company. A daughter, Mrs. J.Shrigley, lives in Copper Cliff where herhusband is a welder. A son, Raymond, is asteel sharpener at Creighton, and anotherson, Ronald, is employed in the Creightonrock-house. Two other children are atschool.

Ben Davey likes to go and watch afootball match, but wouldn't care much forbaseball, even if they played it right in hishack yard.

It's been mighty interesting, he says, towatch the Creighton grow, and he's beenhappy at his work.

There is an old saying that "familiaritybreeds contempt," but a serious accident atOntario Refinery last December clearlyillustrated that no employee can afford to letlong acquaintance with his duties dull hisrespect for the hazards of his job.

The employee in this case was instructedto remove some wiring used during construc-tion hanging from the ceiling of the Cottrellbuilding. He should have gone up the stair-way on to the upper platform and pulledthe wires up, but instead he climbed a build-ing column and stepped on top of the leadplatform.

An electrician of 17 years' experience, hehad been warned by his foreman to stayclear of all conductors. He knew theCottrell plant was in operation, carrying60,000 volts.

Yet for once his vigilance relaxed. Hishead touched a high-tension insulator cap.After he had received the shock, which seri-ously burned the top of his head and thesole of his right foot, he fell 10 feet andstruck his head against an iron ladder.

MONSTER DISPOSAL PLANTNickel figures prominently throughout

the specifications for Milwaukee's modelnew sewage disposal plant, which can handle155 million gallons of waste per day andextract from it each year fertilizer worth$500,000.

If there's a golf foursome in anydepartment within the Inco Trianglewho find themselves troubled withBobby Jones Chest , that insidious dis-ease which follows a par-equalling 18holes, let them get in touch with theselads from No. 4 Department at FortColborne. A cure is guaranteed. Theyadmit they 're good ! Left to right:F. H. Lymburner, R. A. Wilson, S. C.Augustine, H. P. Roe.

Page 6 Within the INCO TRIANGLE September, 1936

A "MAN FROMGLENGARRY"

An inspiration to every young lad in theemploy of The International Nickel Companyshould be the career of W. A. MacDonell,

general man-ager of thec ompany'sConistonsmelter.

He startedas a surfacelaborer withthe CanadianCopper Co. atthe old Cop-per Cliff andStobie minesin 1893. Heboasted onlytwo years ofgeneral highschool educa-

W. A. MacDonell tion, and no

technical training whatever. Yet his risein the ranks was steady to the responsibleposition he occupies today.

JOINED THE MONDFollowing the loss of his right arm in

an accident, he was appointed timekeeper atthe Stobie, and held the position for sixyears. In 1900 he severed his connectionwith the Canadian Copper Co. to join theMond organization as storekeeper atVictoria Mine.

He was shortly promoted to accountant,and,a few years later to Canadian secretary,a position which he filled capably until themerger of the Mond with The InternationalNickel Company in 1928. Then he was madeCanadian business manager for the Mondinterests.

For years he had been the right handman of Dr. C. V. Corless, the Mond's Cana-dian manager, and since the merger hasbeen general manager of the ConistonSmelter for INCO.

"MAN FROM GLENGARRY"He is one of those "men from Glengarry"

that Ralph Connor used to write about. Hishome was in Alexandria, but his parentsmoved to Sudbury in 1893. Married in 1907,Mr. and Mrs. MacDonell have two daughtersand one son.

Always a keen student of mining andsmelting practices, he is the 1936 chairmanof the Sudbury branch, Canadian Instituteof Mining and Metallurgy.

Standing out in his reminiscences is thetime he measured the first stripping of thesurface at Frood in 1897, when Capt. Lawsonwas_ superintendent_. oI._minas.._ Little...lde&had he and his associates then of the tremen-dous potentialities of the Frood.

In those days drill runners at Stobiegot $1.90 per day, underground laborers $1.42,and surface laborers $1.33-a striking con-trast to the wage schedules of the present,particularly in view of the great improve-ments now existing in working conditionsand equipment.

EXTENSIONTO SMELTER

On the scene of what is probably thebiggest and busiest construction undertakingin Canada just now, progress is well aheadof schedule in erecting International NickelCompany's new smelter which, when com-pleted about the end of the year, will houseeight converters and two reverberatoryfurnaces.

12,000 TONS OF STEELLong-necked cranes have swung into

position most of the 12,000 tons of steelgirders, the massive concrete foundationsare all poured, and workmen are busy build-ing the brick walls which at some pointswill be more than 100 feet high.

At times there have been as many as1,000 men employed on construction,employes of Fraser-Brace Co. of Montreal,the general contractors, or of one of theseveral other companies which have chargeof various sections of the job.

FIRMS ON THE JOBThe steel work has been divided between

Dominion Bridge Co. of Montreal, CanadianBridge Co. of Walkerville, and StandardSteel Co. of Welland. The base "of the newchimney was built by Fraser-Brace, but thecolumn was erected by Custodis CanadianChimney Co. of Toronto. H. H. RobertsonCo. of Toronto is handling the contract forthe processed metal roofing,

Throughout Canadian industry generallywill be felt the benefits of INCO's extensiveexpansion program. Some idea of thequantity of materials used in the smelteraddition alone, and not including the newstack or the Port Colborne constructionprogram, may be found in the followingfigures: 400 carloads of brick, 250 carloadsof tile, 100 cars of machinery and equipment,700 cars of gravel and cement, 50 cars oflumber.

The total, if combined in one shipment,would make a train between 15 and 20miles long.

22,000 YARDS CONCRETE

More than 22,000 yards of concrete werepoured to form the foundations for the newsmelter, after excavational work entailing72,000 yards had been completed.

Talking Things OverAn avenue of industry on the Copper Cliff construction job as bricklayers

build the walls of the main reverberatory furnace flue to the big new stack. Inthe background is part of the framework of steel for the smelter buildingaddition. In the foreground two veterans of the construction game talk thingsover : ( left ) Hughie McGovern , Dominion Bridge Co.'s erection superintendent,with a record of 25 years service ; ( right) R. M. Pomeroy , who hails fromSt. Stephens , N.B., and has been bricklayer superintendent with Fraser-Bracefor 11 years.

New Stack Just Another 20,000Tons for Poor Old Mother Earth

Can Mother Earth "take it?"The answer must be definitely yes, on the

form she has displayed at Copper Cliff.What her rock-ribbed bosom may lack

in beauty it more than makes up in brawnas, already heavily burdened, she acceptswithout a murmur the tremendous impostof the new concrete stack, more than 20,000tons.

Likely to be completed well within thescheduled date of October 22, the big columnrises 500 feet above its base.

Its outside diameter at the bottom is62 ft. 1 in.; its outside diameter at the topis 44 ft.

-- .. _-A.TrC2rorfi 'd10tV-t1u.-r0tk-, its bd t^s9,652 tons of concrete and 500 tons ofreinforcing steel. The graceful columnwhich soars above it contains 7,100 tons ofconcrete and 3,000 tons of brick. Whichworks out to a total of 20,000 tons, and more.

Try that on your big toe!

LARGEST IN WORLDThe new stack lays claim to being the

largest concrete structure of its kind in theworld, its only possible rival for the titlebeing a pillar in Japan which, however, ispartially built up a mountain-side like a flue,and therefore may be declared ineligible.So, even at the risk of diplomatic repre-sentations from the sons of Nippon, CopperCliff can fairly appropriate the concretechimney championship of the universe.

Radical changes in construction methods,and painstaking care in proportioningmaterials, have been outstanding featuresas Custodis Canadian Chimney Co., thecontractors, have raised the big concretecolumn to its place beside the other twogiant Copper Cliff stacks.

As scrupulously as a bride measures theingredients of her first angel cake, Custodischecked the materials for the concrete"mix." Every yard was screened, everypound carefully weighed, in order that theconcrete would be of the most favorableconsistency throughout.

THE TUBULAR TOWERFor the first time in the history of

chimney construction, a tubular tower wasused as scaffolding. Erected within thestack foot by foot as it rose, the sturdysteelwork increased efficiency and safety.Once the job is completed, it can be takendown piece by piece and used again withno waste whatever.

How do local men compare with pro-fessional steeple-jacks when it comes to acontract like this one? That seemed alogical question to put to the Custodispeople.

"First class," they answered Triangle.Out of every ten men who apply, an averageof one can't stand the height. The resthave no difficulty whatever in being non-chalant as the big pillar pokes farther andfarther toward the heavens.

USED LOCAL LABOROut of 50 men employed on the job, only

four were not local workers and amateuraerialists. The others were Custodis super-intendents.

At the bottom of the stack the wall is33 inches thick, and 142 cubic yards ofconcrete were poured into the steel formsfor the first 7l-foot section. As the circum-ference decreased, so did the contents ofeach section, so that the last 71 feet at thetop of the concrete took only 34 yards ofconcrete for a wall-thickness finallynarrowing to 11 inches.

Within the stack three elevators trans-port men and supplies during construction.

They travel upward at 400 feet per minute,and have a capacity of one ton each.

Responsibility of the new chimney willbe to carry off the smoke and gas from thecopper converters in the big addition tothe smelter, and the highly corrosive actionof the gas calls for the utmost precautionsin construction.

ACID-PROOF MEASURESAfter the entire stack is painted inside

with three coats of a highly specialized acid-resisting black paint, a space of from twoto five inches is left to pack with rock-woolto insulate the concrete against heat and}inevant _it fraras saakiag -the . the -a*aek-! --lined with acid-proof brick, laid with specialmortar. A 50-foot section of acid-proof brickat the top, further protection against theswirling smoke and gas, completes the job.

And from the lofty pinnacle anotherplume of prosperity will billow in the breeze,while far below Mother Earth cheerfullybears up under the strain.

He 's Had PlentyUps and Downs

HEAD FIRSTDOWN SHAFT !

At Frood Pete Martell is foreman of thesteel shop, where you have to be a combina-tion of a fire siren and a foghorn to makeyourself heard at a distance of six inches.

In the steel shop close friends may goall day without speaking a word to eachother, andnot becausethey've had ascrap, either.The tremen-dous batter-ing of the bigsteel - sharp-ening mach-ines makesc 0 nversationimpossible. Aman getstime to think.

And PeteMartell, withINCO almoststeadily since

I

1896, has lots Pete Martellof things to think about.

CLAIM TO FAME

One outstanding memory he always getsa kick out of is the time he went headfirstdown a mine shaft. He is probably the onlyman who ever did that and lived.

He was a gaffer of 15 at the time,"nipper" at the original old Copper Cliffmine, and one day he was loading a box ofpowder into a skip to be sent below. Tolet the box in gently he had crawled head-first with it into the skip, and only his heelswere showing when somebody yanked thecord which clanged a bell in the hoist-house,and away he went. For the first 300 feetthe skip travelled down at an angle of 45degrees. Then it jogged and shot down atan angle of 80 degrees.

But Pete didn't get. scared by degrees.When the skip stopped at the 9th level, andhe had visions of a load of ore piling in ontop of him, he did some high-pressure yelp-ing, and a handy Finn came along andyanked him out by the heels.

STARTED AT 13Born in Rimouski, P.Q., in 1883, Pete had

come to Copper Cliff with his parents, aScotch-French combination. He started withthe Canadian Copper Co. at the age of 13.He started in the blacksmith shop at 16,and was a smith in his own right at 18.In 1905 he was transferred to Creight on,to sharpen steel and make himself gen er-

__ally.useful., Three years later he was steelshop foreman.

Wanderlust took him off to Cobalt andPorcupine in 1913, and he picked up somevaluable experience before he returned in '15to take charge of the steel shop at CreanHill. After that he had another spell atCreighton, and finally went to Frood in 1929,where he has been steel shop foreman since.

He was married at Creighton in 1905 toMiss Julia Hodgins, of Copper Cliff, andthey have a family of three.

LIKES TO PAINT

He dabbles a bit with oil and water colorpaintings, but hasn't had anything hung inthe Academy yet. Once in a while of anevening he gets out the trusty violin, andmodestly he suggests it might be a goodidea if somebody got up an old-time fiddlers'contest.Monday, July 13, was an anniversary of

painful recollections for Archie K. Reynolds,field superintendent for Canadian CustodisCompany and the man who has managedthe construction of all three big CopperCliff smoke stacks.

In his little office at the base of the new500-foot cement column his men have shotup into the blue, Reynolds recalled the July13 of 10 years before. At that time he hadbeen in the chimney game for five years.Engaged on a job down in the States, heslipped and plunged 65 feet to land on aconcrete abutment, fracturing his back andhis left hip.

Something, perhaps his Southern accent,pulled him through, and he recoveredcompletely.

With the Custodis Co. for the past eightyears, Reynolds has superintended chimneycontracts at many points in North America,but the Copper Cliff stacks are the highesthe has ever built.

Triangle's photographer has snapped agroup 'way up on top of the new stack.Reynolds is on the left; Munroe and Mackie,also of the Custodis Co., are in the centre;on the right is C. H. Buck, InternationalNickel Company building inspector, on hisrounds at the time. In the background isthe top of the big brick stack.

Con iston NotesThe Coniston Ladies' Softball Team

hurdled their first obstacle for the NorthernOntario ladies' softball championship whenthey defeated North Bay Orioles August26th by a 38-7 count. The Coniston girlswere superior in both team play and hitting.They combined their heavy hitting withNorth Bay's many errors, which accountedfor the one-sided score. Jerry Fitzgeraldpitched well for Coniston and had 14 strike-outs. Irene Horrick and Helen Buchowskistarred at the bat for Coniston with fourhits each. The two teams met againAugust 31 at North Bay for the second gameof a series of three games,

The Coniston Intermediate "B" BaseballTeam was declared the Nickel Belt repre-sentative for the N.O.B.A. Intermediate "B"series when Copper Cliff was unable to fieldan eligible team. The Coniston team, 1935champs, will defend their title against theNorth Bay winners. The series should startthe first week in September.

Stack Materials3-Mile Trainload

It would have taken a train threemiles long to transport all the materialsused in construction of the new CopperCliff chimney.

Approximate quantities used in thebig job are : 54 carloads of cement, 266carloads of gravel, 6 carloads of rein-forcing steel, 1 carload of timber, 2 car-loads of form lumber, 49 carloads ofbrick, 7 carloads of rock wool insulatingmaterial , 7 carloads of steel for tubulartower.

Or a total of 392 carloads.

September, 1936

AMATEURS INNOVEL SERIES

(Continued from Page 1)ed the three winners each week, whoreceived $10 in credit coupons donated byCopper Cliff merchants. The three weeklywinners of each contest , as well as any whotied for the weekly awards, were eligible tocompete in the final contest August 24 inthe Stadium. This was a colorful success.

FREE PRIZE DRAWAt the base of the platform stood the

lovely INCO exhibit which won the blueribbon at the 1936 Sudbury Flower Show,while on the platform were the sensationalyoung Coniston Band in their bright red,white, and blue uniforms. Several of thecontestants appeared In costume. Morethan 2,500 people were present, and a drawwas conducted for a $70.00 Marconi Radiodonated by Cochrane-Dunlop Hardware,Copper Cliff, and won by Mrs. H . Seaton,of Sudbury, a former Copper Cliff girl.

Judge of the finals was Mr. Vic Neilsen,manager of Radio Station CKSO, who basedhis decisions 50 per cent , on applause and50 per cent. on radio appeal.

Nine winning entries were selected for atrip to the Canadian National Exhibition atToronto, during which they enjoy an elabor-ate program of entertainment given by theToronto Office of The International NickelCompany. As an added feature, they appearbefore the microphone in a special SudburyNight broadcast September 4 from CFRB'sCrystal Studio at the Exhibition. Expensesof the trip are paid by Copper Cliff AthleticAssociation.THE WINNERS

The nine winning entries were: F.Favretto, accordian, Copper Cliff; J. W.Black and J. W. Risdale, xylophone duet,Refinery; Herman Thompson, hill billymusic, Frood; Mr. and Mrs. Volu Varpio,Finnish classical singing, Frood; Evan Jones,saw, Copper Cliff; Jean and Johnny David-son, harmony duet with guitar, Creighton;Croatian Boys' tamburiza band, 10 to 16 yearsold, Frood; Robert and Nora McKenzie, songand dance, eight and nine years old, CopperCliff; Nickeldiggers' quartet, vocal, Creigh-ton. Alternate winners selected were:Teddy Latreille, tap dance, four years old,Refinery; Herbert Wilson, violin, 10 to 16years, Creighton; Nick Haggerty, tap dance,Frood.

Launched as a community project tofoster the neighborly feeling betweenemployees in INCO plants, and to encourageamateur talent, the series was counted agratifying success by Copper Cliff AthleticAssociation. Nearly 125 took part in theprograms, exclusive of bands, guest artistattractions, etc.

COST HIM THREE FINGERSEngaged In connecting up a beating unit

in the slime room of Ontario Refinery'sCottrell plant, an employee wanted to findout in what direction the fan was running.

The fan was located about nine feetfrom the floor, so he climbed up the frame-work of the building and held his hand upto see whether the blades were drawing orblowing.

They nipped off the first three fingersof his hand, and he couldn't come back towork for a month.

"Engineeress "Her Title Now

Mining engineers, like hoisting machines,have their "moments."

When the scholarly gentlemen in theCopper Cliff department learned early inJuly that Miss Mary Whalen, popular secre-tary to their chief, R. H. Keast, was shortlyto be transferred to the accounting officedownstairs, they laid aside rope fleet angles,safety factors, and such, and schemed todo her honor.

Out of several deep huddles came historyin the making.A SOLEMN CONVOCATION

A picnic was held, and appropriateexpressions of regret were heard, and wordsof appreciation for her bright and valuableco-operation. Then, with all the solemnityof a convocation, Miss Whalen was pre-sented with the degree of Mining Engin-eeress, and became the first lady ever tohold that unique distinction.

Her diploma, artistically designed, readas follows:

The School of Experience at Copper Cliff,Ontario, Established November, 1929,

MARY WHALENhaving completed a prescribed course inMining, Geology, Hieroglyphic Translations,Cussing, and Other Sciences and Indignitiescommon to the Mining Profession, theundersigned Fellow Workers and Engineersconfer upon her the degree of

MINING ENGINEERESSIn Testimony to which we here subscribe

our Names and attach the Seal of the Schoolthis 4th day of July in the year 1936.

Miss Whalen graciously accepted thecompliment.

ISSUES FIRM DENIALLater, however, having had an opportun-

ity to study the document and appreciateits implications, she quietly denied to arepresentative of Triangle that she hadwritten on some of the examinations, or,moreover, that she was qualified to do so.

Within the INCO' tRi"In

Largest underground hoist designed and built in Canada is the distinctionattached to this double-drum geared electric unit which takes care of the hoistingof men between the 2 ,800 foot level and the 3,400 foot level at Frood Mine. Itsbig drums have a diameter of 12 feet and a capacity of 2.300 feet of 14-1-inch ropein two layers . It Is designed for a maximum rope speed of 1,000 feet per minute,and is driven by a 600 h.p. alternating current 2,200 volt motor.

TIMID SCRIBE LOSES ALLHIS HESITATION AT FROOD

(Continued from Page 1)his "diggers" or working clothes, our corres-pondent is then taken across the mine yardto the lamp room to get his electric cap-lampand battery. Here he sees five men employedin issuing to the miners the 2,400 cap-lampsfor all of which the batteries are chargedbetween shifts. He is reminded of the differ-ence between the brilliant light of theseelectric lamps and the uncertain flicker ofthe candles of 25 years ago.

POWERFUL HOISTThen, since this is to be his first trip

so far underground , he gets reassurancefrom a preliminary visit to the hoist house.Its interior has all the impressive simplicityof a power plant, but, In place of dynamos,powerful drums gather in and pay out steelcables which slant upward through the ceil-ing to the shaft head 200 feet away. Theiroperator, a mere Lilliputian, receives a bellsignal from the shaft-head where a cageis about to descend, and carefully repeatsback the signal so there is no chance oferror. He pulls a lever and the drums turn--swiftly, perhaps, but they by no meanswhirl; yet the cage at the end of the cableis plunging down at the rate of 1,500 feetper minute.

All hoisting of men and supplies betweenthe surface and the 2,800 level at Frood,our reporter is told, is done in the No. 3shaft, while an underground shaft, No. 6,handles all men travelling from the 2,800level to the 3,400 foot level, the mine's pres-ent bottom level.

SAFETY ENERGY

The No. 3 shaft, he learns, has five hoist-ing compartments and one compartment forpipes and ladderway, the latter in case hewould sooner climb than ride. Two compart-ments are used for hoisting ore, two forhoisting men and supplies, and one forauxiliary hoisting of men and miscellaneouswork. The motor generator set supplyingpower for operation of the hoist is of 1,300horsepower, with a fly-wheel weighing 11tons, and when it is in operation, the fast-revolving fly-wheel stores up sufficientenergy to raise the cages to the surface incase the main power line service isinterrupted.

Another reassuring bit of information isthat the hoist has a control device whichautomatically cuts off the power and appliesthe brakes in case the hoistman shouldinadvertently permit the cage to overspeedor overwind, and dials show clearly the loca-tion of the cage in the shaft at all times.

Even to Triangle's timid investigatorthese various safety precautions banish allhesitation, and he is even more encouragedwhen he proceeds to the collarhouse to boarda cage for his journey underground.STURDY CAGES

The cages, he finds, are very sturdilyconstructed of nickel-alloy steel, weigh12,200 lbs. each, and can carry 60 men orseven tons of material. Two of them operatein balance--that is, one is being raised whilethe other is lowered. Except for minorrepairs or frequent inspection, they are run-ning 24 hours a day.

Another striking safety precaution ispointed out to him in the wire rope whichconnects the cages to the hoist. It weighs5A lbs . per foot, and is capable of standinga strain seven times greater than theheaviest pull placed on it when the cageis loaded. Further, he learns, it is inspectedweekly and a section is actually cut off fortesting every six months.

Now fully convinced that he Is muchsafer here than when walking on a busystreet, our hero steps into the cage withouta care in the world. The bell signal is

flashed to the hoistman, and down he goes,dropping through inky blackness to the2,000-foot level; then, at intervals of 200 feet,the lights of the various working levels flashby.

STEEL AND CONCRETEAs he comes to a stop at 2,800 feet, the

feeling has become an obsession with himthat he really ought to be suffocated andcompletely crushed by the myriad tons ofrock and earth above him. But the cagedoor slides up and he walks out into theshaft station, spic and span with its white-painted walls and ample headroom. Steeland concrete, he is told, are built into theroof and walls. The air is clean and fresh.

Electric flood lights illuminate the widemain haulage crosscut along which he walksto his working place at the orebody, andhe is assured that all haulage traffic alongthe tracks is stopped during a change ofshift to avoid any possibility of accidentsfrom this cause.

Reaching the section of the mine wherehe is figuratively employed he reports at thewarehouse and moves a metal tag with hisemployment number from a check-out boardto a check-in board. Thus his presence orabsence in the working place could bequickly ascertained prior to blasting or inany emergency.

So his trip is concluded, and after aninteresting visit of which he will tell morein a later issue of Triangle, he returns tosurface.

2,200 UNDERGROUND

En route he is still marvelling at thiscarefully planned and operated transporta-tion system, learning that of the 2,700 menemployed at Frood, some 2,200 work under-ground, and that approximately six hoursdaily is spent in raising and lowering themto and from work in the big cages.

Back at his desk in the office, he is nowbusily engaged in figuring out how manyfeet a Frood No. 3 shaft cage would haveto travel in a week if it could only carryone man at a time. If he gets the answersoon enough, and doesn't go off the deepend doing it, he'll be on deck next issuewith another of his Nickel Travelogues.

Usually Careful,Slipped Just Once

Known as a careful employee who didthings the right way and didn't take chances,a Frood miner nevertheless made one sliplast December and it nearly cost him his life.

He walked out under ground he knewwas loose, although only two minutes beforehis foreman had told him it was soon to beblasted and had warned him to stay backunder the timber.

The "loose," a weight of 3,000 lbs., felland struck him a glancing blow on the back.He suffered multiple fractures of his backand ribs. His pelvis was split open an inchand a half, and it took unusual surgeon'sskill to patch him up.

He's not yet able to return to work, andwhen he does it will probably be to lightduty for the rest of his life,

He has things to say about takingchances.

WORK FOR LUMBER CAMPOn the basis of present operations, INCO

in 1936 will use 53 ,000,000 feet of Canadiantimber. This would provide a year's steadyemployment for a lumber camp of morethan 1,000 men.

GOLF NOTESage 7FROM "PORT"

In the first Port Colborne INCO tourna-ment for the 1936 season, 40 men teed off.The eight low net scores qualified for theplay-down for the John More Trophy.

From the number of net scores under thecourse par of 70, it looks like the axe will beused on the handicaps before the nexttournament. "Ponso" Davidson. with onlyabout a year at the game, is making goodrapidly.

In the father and son competition, medalplay with handicap, on Dominion Day, theINCO employes were represented by six outof eight entries. The tournament was wonby H. W. Walter and son, James, who scoredboth low gross and low net. The Fatherswith a gross score of 561 won from the Sons.

An enthusiastic field of golfers turned outfor the championship qualifying round atthe Country Club on July 18th. Out of 16who enter the play-downs, seven are fromINCO. W. J. Freeman, Jr., lost to CliffMcBride in finals.

COPS OWN CUP

For the first time since he donated thetrophy for challenge competition at the PortColborne Country Club four years ago, Mr.Walter entered on May 24th and won fromthe field of competitors. Since then, he hassuccessfully defended it twice, first againstE. C. Lambert and then H. P. Roe. Thesethree wins, with his scores which were allunder 90, qualified him for a plate on thetrophy. Later, on July 12th, he ran intoopposition which was too stiff, when V. A.Lynden took it with a 77.

H. P. Roe won the points competition atthe Country Club on July 11th, with a scoreof 82 and 24 points. Points were allotted:3 for a birdie, 2 for a par, and 1 for oneover par.

ORCO NotesMid-season finds golfing enthusiasts of

the O.R.C. Athletic Association deep in thesand traps of the Idylwylde and Sudburygolf courses fighting their annual handicapcompetition for the H. A. MacDougallTrophy and additional prizes usuallyawarded for this event. An innovation thisyear will be a prize for the golfer turningin the highest net score . This award givesthe "duffers" a chance to get In the moneyand enlightens the down-trodden handi-capping committee as to the actual playingability of the contestants.

BASEBALL BLUES

We hate to mention the deeds of ourbaseball team this year. After playing themost erratic ball possible the end of theseason finds them almost in the playdowns.To Freddie Sheridan we say, better lucknext year. The Refinery games were notthe only ones with cricket scores and wewonder how the Refinery or any other teamgot into the playoffs.

MORE BLUESSmiling George Furchner picked up a

few wrinkles this summer. The reason beingthat his last year's softball champions ofthe Mercantile League just failed to clickin the newly-formed N.B.S.A. and landedalmost in the cellar position. We wonderwhere the fire and pep of last year's teamwent to?

POPULAR DANCE

To meet the popular demand anotherRefinery dance is coming-like Castoria theboys and girls all cry for it-and we hopeto let out the news of the time and placesoon. Watch for it and have a real nightof fun and frivolity at the ever-popularRefinery dance.

GROOMS AND GRANDPAS

Joe Harrison, Joe Este, Irv Mason, BobCook, Mel Luck, and Ross Lowe are beamingwith smiles these days-the smiles of thenewly married. Colin Caswell remarks thatwhen they have three girls for whom to buyshoes, they will have something to smileabout, Reg. Johnston and Cec. Matthews,however, doubt Caswell's word, having eachstarted with number one of the female sex.Warren Koth is off to a good start with ahusky baby boy.

400,000 TON VALVESMonel Metal and nickel steel castings

were extensively used in making the six168-inch butterfly valves for Boulder Dam.Each of the valves weighs 400,000 tons.

Commend MenWearing Sandals

Several employees have been noticedwearing sandals when using the showersin the new Copper Cliff changehouse.This practice is strongly commended.

While every possible precaution istaken to prevent the "athlete 's foot" in-fection from breaking out in the change-house, the task is a difficult one withsuch a large body of men.

The co-operation of employees, there-fore, who wear sandals to protect them-selves and others, is valuable.

Page 8 Within the INCO TRIANGLE September, 1936

PRIDE OF PORT COLBORNEDISCUS CHAMP AND FATHER

Hats off to Louis Concessi, who beforeattaining the age of 21, holds the Canadian-born record for discus throwing. This feathe accomplished at the Ontario AthleticChampionship meet at Hamilton on July4th, 1936. He threw the discus 136' 3" andqualified to enter the Canadian Olympicstrials at Montreal on July 12th.

The INCO A.A. at Port Colborne areproud of their representative. His quiet andunassuming manners make him popularwith all themen. He ranInto sometough luck atM ontreal,fouling hisfirst twothrows, a n dhis third was126 feet. Thewinner atM o n trealthrew 131'5". Louis hasnot had thebenefit ofcoaching. Hehas followedprinted in- Louis Concessi

structions, and with proper coaching shouldbecome one of the best.

ALSO POLE-VAULTER

Not only does he throw the discus fartherthan anyone in Ontario, but he is also a polevaulter of no mean ability, clearing the barat f01 feet. He also plays softball, baseballand hockey. In addition to being such anall around sport, he graduated from the PortColborne High School getting his seniormatriculation. He now holds down a jobin the Anode furnace department at PortColborne.

Is his father proud of him, and Is theCompany proud of both father and son?Guiseppe, the father, is a good example ofthe hard-working Italian stock, who came toCanada years ago, made good at construc-tion work, and now in the manufacturingindustry. He was born in Italy in 1884 andcame to Canada as a boy of 17 along witha cousin. He went to Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.,and helped build the Algoma Central Rail-road. Anyone who has taken a trip throughthe rock cuts and over the swamps andaround the lakes of this route can picturesome of the hard work required to build it.After about a year at the Sault, Guiseppewent to North Bay and continued at rail-road construction work for another fouryears.MARTftt

At the age of 22, the mating call tookhim back to the Old Country where hemarried the girl of his childhood school andplay days, Mary.

He returned to Canada with his bridein 1907, and again went at the railroadconstruction work with his old employers,

McDonaldand O'Brien,this time atLa Tuque,Que. A f t e rthree moreyears of rail-road work hechanged toc o n structionwork withthe TalbotConstructionCo. on papermills a tGrand Mere,Que., leavingthere in 1916

G. Concessi to come to

Port Colborne, where he has lived since. Canyou picture in your mind's eye, the pile ofearth and rock Guiseppe must have shov-elled in those 15 years of hard work?

Again he took up his shovel and helpedthe Foundation Company build the NickelRefinery at Port Colborne. At the comple-tion of the refinery, he secured a job with

Close CallThat dark deposit on the lenses of

these glasses isn't dust or soot-it'scopper. And had it not been for theglasses, it would have gone searing itsway into the eyes of C. Gougeon, ORCOemploye, on April 28, 1934. Gougeonwas a special shapes operator at thetime, casting billets on the small wheel.The molten copper suddenly sprayed outon his face from the mould and funnel.It's incidents like this that make a manrealize how important it is for him towear goggles at his work when hisforeman so instructs him.

the Nickel Company in the Refinery furnacedepartment, where he got his first baptismof real heat. At this time (1918-1919), theOrford Works at Bayonne, N.J., were operat-ing and Port Colborne was producing onlyabout 100,000 pounds of nickel monthly. Hewas laid off and worked at various jobs inPort Colborne, for the Canadian FurnaceCompany, Cork Works and Canada CementCompany, but he always worked when workwas to be had.

NOW FURNACE MANWith the closing of the Bayonne Works

in 1920-1921, Port Colborne became the onlyrefinery operated by the Nickel Companyand in May, 1922, operations were put on alarger scale and have been steadily increas-ing until today over 8,000,000 pounds ofnickel per month are produced. Guiseppecame back to the Nickel Company in 1922and has been one of the Company's mostreliable and competent furnace men sincethat time. Today, at the age of 52, he ishale and strong. He has a fine family ofthree boys and three girls.

SCOUTING ISON INCREASE

Highlight of the summer holidays for 22Copper Cliff Boy Scouts and Wolf Cubs wasthe annual District Scout Camp whichopened at Windy Lake on Monday, August 3,and continued for two weeks. Scout-master Jim Savage of the Cliff was againin charge of the camp, and the totalattendance from troops in the Nickel Districtran well over 100.STEADY PROGRESS

Copper Cliff Scouts and Cubs have comea long way since their re-organization onSeptember 15, 1933, tribute to the popularityand leadership of Scouter Savage, and tothe enthusiasm of the executive committee,appointed then as follows: Hon. Pres., D.MacAskill; Chairman, R. M. Coleman; Sec'y-Treas., Harold Bruce, and Messrs. E. A.Collins, W. T. Waterbury, Jack Garrow, R.H. Keast, W. J. Ripley, Clarence Buck andKen Clarke.

The Scout Troop started with only adozen lads, and had as headquarters the oldcommunity building on Granite St. After afew months it moved to Serpentine St., theboys themselves painting the upstairs of anold building, but the winter-night meetings„jpclinF mewhat frigid a,21'a1rs,since ere was on y tix v AVMthe place. Yet after the first year the Troopboasted eight new Scouts and a Wolf CubPack.

A successful camp was held for 16 daysat Windy Lake, perfect weather and noaccidents being logged.

FROST-PROOF BOYS

At the beginning of the second year theTroop again began to grow, slowly butsteadily, and managed to get throughanother hard winter without the morale ofthe lads freezing up. Once again, in 1935,there was an enjoyable summer camp, andafter the holidays Scouter Savage counted20 Scouts and 21 Cubs on his roll.

With the erection of the new MemorialCommunity Hall, Scouting secured the head-quarters facilities it needed so badly, andthe impetus provided by the new meetingplace was quickly reflected in the member-ship. Fathers of the boys, attending abanquet and investiture this spring, weresurprised to learn that there are now 33Scouts and 47 Cubs, smartly uniformed andwell-trained. The majority of the boys haveobtained several of the proficiency badgesoffered for mastering special tests.

THE CAMP PROGRAM

Of general interest will be the routine ofa Scout's day in camp at Windy Lake:

7.00 a.m., rise; 7.15, flag break; 7.30,swim; 8.00, breakfast; 9.00, inspection oftents, dress, and grounds; 9.00-11.00, Scoutwork; 11.00, swim; 11.30, rest; 12.00, dinner;1.00-2.00 p.m., compulsory rest; 3.00-4.00,Scout work; 4.00-5.00, games; 5.00-5.30, swim;6.00, supper; 7.00, inspection; 7.30, flaglowering; 7.30-8.00, swim; 8.30-10.00, campfire; 10.15, lights out. All swimming periodsare under the direction of appointed lifeguards, and any boy failing to obey ordersloses a day's swim.

Grei hton NotesAPurchased by the Company some two

years ago, and redecorated, the CommunityHall on Lake St. has filled a long-felt needin Creighton community life, and has beenan active rendezvous. Bridge, badminton,table tennis, dances, and other forms ofentertainment have been held. The DramaticSociety, conspicuously successful in its ven-tures last season, plans an ambitious pro-gram this corning winter.

SEEK SONG BIRDSJ. Buchanan and B. McCormack are

scouting musical talent for a male voicechoir or a glee club, and are reported to bediscovering some real song-birds in thecamp. If a sufficient number are interested,some sort of a musical presentation will bescheduled for the winter season. Anybodywith operatic possibilities is urged to getin touch with either of these enthusiasts.

Huge Equipment Assembled forRefinery Processing Innovation

During the latter part of 1935 the

Ontario Refining Company brought toa successful conclusion a series of expert-

practicability of electric are furnacemelting of refined copper.

Shortly afterwards the necessaryexpenditures were authorized, powerrequirements arranged for, and the workof designing the many special featuresof the installation commenced.INSTAL FIRST UNIT

Today there is much tangible evidenceof this far reaching development AtORCO's plant at Copper Cliff, the firstunit is rapidly nearing completion andthe actual work of "burning in" thebottom of the huge electric furnace is

now under way. This is the final opera-tion before swinging into actual meltingand is a slow , highly specialized

15-FOOT SHELL

Some idea of the size of equipmentinvolved is given by the above illustra-tion. Here is seen the furnace shellfabricated out of 11" steel plate. It is15 feet in diameter and approxi-mately 10 ft. high . Installed with it is ahuge 4,000 H .V.A. transformer whichreduces the incoming voltage on thefurnace line from 33,000 volts to anyone of several values.

As this unique installation gets intoproduction a fuller description of itsmany interesting features will bepublished.

CREIGHTON TENNIS CLUBENJOYING BIGGEST SEASON

From sunrise to sunset Creighton Minetennis courts are constantly in play as theclub this year enjoys one of the most suc-cessful seasons in its history.

Although the game has been played atCreighton for many years, available recordsonly date back as far as 1926. Membershipin 1929 was 25, with C. Fenton as president,J. McNabb as vice-president, W. Wardrop assecretary, and R. Findlay, treasurer.

78 MEMBERS

From then on the membership variedfrom 15 to 30 until 1934, when tennis enthusi-asm increased and a very successful seasonwas enjoyed with a membership of 34. Atournament was held with High Falls, socialevents were staged, and the way was pavedfor this year's record roll of 78 members,all of whom are actively participating inthe game.

Generous co-operation from INCO andS. J. Kidder, mine superintendent, madepossible heavy new wire netting around thethree courts, new boarding, benches, and awater line. The club members themselveshave invested over $200 in nets, tapes, andpersonal equipment, and the large member-ship provides funds for engaging an atten-dant to keep the courts in first-classcondition.

Club officers this season are: H. J.,Mutzand S. J. Kidder, honorary presidents; V. E.Tremblay, president; Ted Lawrence, secre-tary-treasurer.HIGH FALLS TRIP

An outstanding event this year for theCreighton Club was a keenly enjoyedouting to High Falls, where they wereroyally entertained. The town itself is abeauty spot, and the hospitality of its resi-dents, the Creightonites say, could not beexcelled. Through the kind offices ofSuperintendent George Hartman, arrange-ments were made to show the visitorsthrough the power plant, and also to visitBig Eddy. This in itself was well worth thetrip. The ride in and out from Turbine in

the converted automobile jitney was anotherhighlight.

Mr. Hartman, an amateur astronomer ofnote, has a powerful telescope he himselfconstructed, and several of the guestsremained until dark for a squint at thestars and planets.

Messrs. S. McKenzie and McGauley, withMr. Hartman, were responsible for thedetails of the occasion, and the High Fallsladies co-operated with Mrs. McKenzie inserving the delectable lunch.

Home-and-home tournaments have beenarranged by Creighton with Copper Cliffand enjoyed. Early-season efforts of theCreighton enthusiasts to organize a NickelBelt tennis league proved fruitless.

Veteran

When Creighton Mine tennis club'stournament party visited High FallsJuly 18, they found Supt. GeorgeHartman, at 62, still playing a powerfulgame on the courts. This snap, takenduring the tourney, catches him drivingfrom the baseline white his doublespartner, Art McKenzie, starts for thenet, alert for a smashing opportunityon a weak return.