New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing

New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing –Perspektiven des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens

Forschungszentrum Jülich21. Dezember 2016

Alexander GrossmannHTWK Leipzig and ScienceOpen

Alexander GrossmannPerspectives in Scientific Publishing

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Perspectives in Scientific Publishing

� Scholarly publishing worldwide

� Current status

� Scientific communication tomorrow?

� Quality assessment: new models

� Summary: Perspectives

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Scholarly Publishing worldwide

� All types of scholarly publishing worldwide

� STM (Scientific, Technical, Medical) only, English only

� Revenues (2013): USD 24.5 billion

� journals: USD 10b (2008: USD 8b)

� books: USD 5b

� Split by territories:

� U.S.: 55%

� Europe/Middle East: 28%

� Asia/Pacific: 14%

From: STM Report 4th Ed. 2015, Mark Ware

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� Revenues STM:

$24.5b (2013)

� Profit Margin:

31 to 38% (EBITDA)25%

13%

12%11%

9%

30%

Top 5 Global STM Publishers

Elsevier

Wiley-Blackwell

Springer

Taylor & Francis

ACS

Other

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� 12m active researchers worldwide in the

scientific, technical & medical areas (STM)

� 8m researchers in humanities & social sciences (HSS)

� 24,000 scholarly journals (in STM only)

� 17,000+ academic societies

� 2,000 scientific publishers

� 2m published journal articles per year

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� 12m active researchers worldwide in the

scientific, technical & medical areas (STM)

� 8m researchers in humanities & social sciences (HSS)

� 24,000 scholarly journals (in STM only)

� 17,000+ academic societies

� 2,000 scientific publishers

� 2m published journal articles per year

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Too much information?

Over 2m new papers per year in STM only…

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Too much information?

…and about 4m submissions per year.

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Scientific Publishing: Present Status

� Problems:

� too much information

� high rejection rates

� slow publication process

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� Days from receival to acceptance:

no credits for reviewers

� expensive subscription pricing

Data source: 3,482 journals in 2014

From: Daniel Himmelstein – https://github.com/dhimmel/plostime

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� Days from acceptance to publication:

no credits for reviewers


Data source: 3,482 journals in 2014

From: Daniel Himmelstein – https://github.com/dhimmel/plostime

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� Problems:


� slow publication process & high rejection rates

� anonymous & non-transparent reviewing process

� no credits for reviewers


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� Journal pricing by discipline (per subscription):






� IF-driven „glamorous journals“ (R. Schekman)

� …

USD

1.500

1.000

500

100

USD

1.500

1.000

500

100

Serial crisis

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� Problems:






� IF-driven „glamorous journals“ (R. Schekman)

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IF not correlated with relevance of article

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Scientific Publishing: Present Status?

R. Schekman:

The Guardian

Dec 9 (2013)

Is this the present status…?

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Scientific Publishing: Present Status?

R. Schekman:

The Guardian

Dec 9 (2013)

…do we need a new culture of sharing?

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New culture of sharing…

Sharing rather than

ownership:

the new normal for

the next generation.

Creative Commons

CC-BY licenses

supports sharing vs.

ownership model of

copyright.

Image Credit: Bike Sharing Shanghai, John Flickr CC-BY

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New culture of sharing…

Image Credit: Bike Sharing Shanghai, John Flickr CC-BY

Open Access as sine qua non conditio

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Open Access Publishing worldwide

� Journals:

� 8,970 journals worldwide (listed in DOAJ)

� with 2.2 million (gold) OA articles

� Revenues: $172m in 2013 (+34.0%)

� Books:

� 1/3 of publishers have an OA book list

� However only 5% of total publishing output

� Small growth of OA book list (44% of publishers) or no growth at all (22%)

� Libraries:

� OA books listed in the catalogue: 57% yes; 36% no

From: Survey of Publishers Communication Group, 2015, and DOAJ, 2016.

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Open Access Publishing worldwide

Open Access Article Publication Charges (APC)

2012/13

Quelle: Wellcome Trust 2013(Gold) Open Access fees too high?

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New culture of communication…

Social Networks

Communities

Crowd-sourcing

Open DataOpen Access

Repositories

Altmetrics

Open Peer Review

Science 2.0

What else do we need…?

CC0 Pixabay

Perspectives in Scientific Publishing Alexander Grossmann

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New projects in scientific communication

1991 2000 2005 2008 2010 2012 2014

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Open Access and open peer review…

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Alternative article level metrics…

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Collaborative writing…

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Self-promoting and author marketing…

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More visibility and usage tracking…

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Publishing in transition...

� Ways to publish research today

� Directories (linking lists)

� Repositories or pre-print server

� OA journals (subject-based)

� Journal databases (‚mega journals‘)

� Aggregation networks

Scientific communication today?

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Scientific Communication today…

Peer Review

Scientists

= Authors

= Readers

= Reviewers

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Source:

Tagesspiegel

(18/6/2014)

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Peer Review

Scientists

= Authors

= Readers

= Reviewers

?

?

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Peer Review

Scientists

= Authors

= Readers

= Reviewers

?

?

?

?

How to set up such a novel workflow…?

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Peer Review

Scientists

= Authors

= Readers

= Reviewers

?

?

?

?

…Scientific communication tomorrow?

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Scientific Communication tomorrow…?

arXiv

PMC

sciELO

Rep…

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arXiv

PMC

sciELO

Rep…

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Dr. C. Conrad

Overlay journal principle

arXiv

PMC

sciELO

Rep…

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� Concept in principal discussed byTimothy Gowers

� University of Cambridge, UK

� Fields Medal 1998

� Elsevier Boycott 2012 (Cost of Knowledge project)

� Massively collaborative Math project Nature 461 879 (2009)

� Ideas: https://gowers.wordpress.com/2011/10/31/how-might-we-get-to-a-new-

model-of-mathematical-publishing/.

� Launched Discrete Analysis 2016 as an arXiv-based overlay journalhttps://gowers.wordpress.com/2015/09/10/discrete-analysis-an-arxiv-overlay-journal

Overlay Journal Principle

Quality assessment…?

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Peer review… in the classical way?

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Public post-publication peer review.

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� Open and public process

� Fully transparent:

� Who?

� Which experience?

� What?

� Comments and Replies are openly shared

� Reviewing not limited to a narrow time frame

� Report can be cited (credited by DOI)

� Reviewer is acknowledged

Post-publication peer review (PPPR)

See eg: N. Kriegeskorte: Front Comput Neurosci. 6 (2012) 1–18

F1000, The Winnower, ScienceOpen.

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� Open and public process

� Fully transparent:

� Who?

� Which experience?

� What?

� Comments and Replies are openly shared

� Reviewing not limited to a narrow time frame

� Report can be cited (credited by DOI)

� Reviewer is acknowledged

Post-publication peer review (PPPR)

N. Kriegeskorte: Front Comput Neurosci. 6 (2012) 1–18Does post-publication peer review work?

See eg: N. Kriegeskorte: Front Comput Neurosci. 6 (2012) 1–18

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ScienceOpen … peer review statistics

Source: ScienceOpen (2015)

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� Concept has been implemented for all disciplines

and 27+ million papers at ScienceOpen

Overlay Journal and PPPR Principle

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� Open Access

� Overlay journal principle

� Alternative article metrics

� Collaborative writing

� Open peer reviewing

� Open research data

� Self-promotion and author marketing


Publishing as a service…?

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Again, too much information….?

In summary…

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Scientific Publishing: Perspectives

Traditional Publishing Current Trends

journals = content containers interdisciplinary databasefor specific discipline = „megajournal“ or Collections

IF does not provide information article level metrics (altmetrics)about relevance of research

no data available open data

limiting article type to open to reproduction papersoriginal or „new“ research and negative results studies

static publication „living“ document; versioning

closed peer-review open evaluation; anonymous reviewers post-publication peer-review

no credits for reviewer acknowledgement of reviews

no interaction between (open) communication andauthors and readers active feedback

content is paywalled open access (OA)

library pays for APCs paid by governmentaljournal subscriptions or institutional funding partners

authors prefer prestigous andhighly ranked journals to publish ?

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Literature

www.scienceopen.com/collection/Science20

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Thank you!

Alexander GrossmannProf. Dr. rer. nat.

HTWK LeipzigUniversity of Applied Sciencesand

ScienceOpen

@SciPubLab

[email protected]

New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing

Science

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