New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing Perspectives in Scientific Publishing Alexander Grossmann...

New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing

Alexander GrossmannHTWK Leipzig &ScienceOpen

Library Science TalksGeneva + Zürich, 20/21 June 2016

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Scholarly Publishing worldwide

� All types of scholarly publishing worldwide

� STM only, English only

� Revenues (2013): USD 24.5 billion

� journals: USD 10b (2008: USD 8b)

� books: USD 5b

� Split by territories:

� U.S.: 55%

� Europe/Middle East: 28%

� Asia/Pacific: 14%

From: STM Report 4th Ed. 2015, Mark Ware

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� Revenues STM:

$24.5b (2013)

� Profit Margin:

31 to 38% (EBITDA)

� Open Access:

$172m in 2013

� +34.0% increase

25%

13%

12%11%

9%

30%

Top 5 Global STM Publishers

Elsevier

Wiley-Blackwell

Springer

Taylor & Francis

ACS

Other

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� 12m active researchers worldwide in the

scientific, technical & medical areas (STM)

� 8m researchers in humanities & social sciences (HSS)

� 24,000 scholarly journals (in STM only)

� 17,000+ academic societies

� 2,000 scientific publishers

� 2m published journals articles per year

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Too much information?

Over 2m new papers per year in STM only…

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Too much information?

…and about 4m submissions per year.

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Scientific Publishing: Present Status

� Problems:

� too much information

� slow publication process & high rejection rates

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� Days from receival to acceptance:

no credits for reviewers

� expensive subscription pricing

Data source: 3,482 journals in 2014

From: Daniel Himmelstein – https://github.com/dhimmel/plostime

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� Days from acceptance to publication:

no credits for reviewers


Data source: 3,482 journals in 2014

From: Daniel Himmelstein – https://github.com/dhimmel/plostime

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� Problems:



� anonymous & non-transparent reviewing process

� no credits for reviewers


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� Journal pricing by discipline (per subscription):






� IF-driven „glamorous journals“ (R. Schekman)

� …

USD

1.500

1.000

500

100

USD

1.500

1.000

500

100

Serial crisis

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� Problems:






� IF-driven „glamorous journals“ (R. Schekman)

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IF not correlated with relevance of article

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Scientific Publishing: Present Status?

R. Schekman:

The Guardian

Dec 9 (2013)

Is this the present status…?

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Scientific Publishing: Present Status?

R. Schekman:

The Guardian

Dec 9 (2013)

…do we need a new culture of sharing?

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New culture of sharing…

Sharing rather than

ownership:

the new normal for

the next generation.

Creative Commons

CC-BY licenses

supports sharing vs.

ownership model of

copyright.

Image Credit: Bike Sharing Shanghai, John Flickr CC-BY

Open Access as sine qua non conditio

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Open Access Publishing worldwide

� Journals:� 8,970 journals worldwide (listed in DOAJ)

� with 2.2 million OA articles

� Books:� 1/3 of publishers have an OA book list

� However only 5% of total publishing output

� Small growth of OA book list (44% of publishers) or no growth at all (22%)

� Libraries:� OA books listed in the catalogue: 57% yes; 36% no

From: Survey of Publishers Communication Group, 2015, and DOAJ, 2016.

OAPEN-CH Bern, 26.11.2015Open Access im Wissenschaftsverlag: Bücher Alexander Grossmann

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New culture of sharing…

Social Networks

Communities

Crowd-sourcing

Open DataOpen Access

Repositories

Altmetrics

Open Peer Review

Science 2.0

What else do we need…?

CC0 Pixabay

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Publishing in transition...

1991 2000 2005 2008 2010 2012 2014

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Publishing in transition...

� Ways to publish research today

� Directories (linking lists)

� Repositories or pre-print server

� OA journals (subject-based)

� Journal databases (‚mega journals‘)

� Aggregation networks

Scientific communication today?

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Scientific Communication today…

Peer Review

Scientists

= Authors

= Readers

= Reviewers

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Peer Review

Scientists

= Authors

= Readers

= Reviewers

?

?

?

?

How to set up such a novel workflow…?

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Peer Review

Scientists

= Authors

= Readers

= Reviewers

?

?

?

?

…Scientific communication tomorrow?

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Scientific Communication tomorrow…?

arXiv

PMC

sciELO

Rep…

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arXiv

PMC

sciELO

Rep…

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arXiv

PMC

sciELO

Rep…

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Dr. C. Conrad

Overlay journal principle

arXiv

PMC

sciELO

Rep…

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� Concept in principal discussed byTimothy Gowers

� University of Cambridge, UK

� Fields Medal 1998

� Elsevier Boycott 2012 (Cost of Knowledge project)

� Massively collaborative Math project Nature 461 879 (2009)

� Ideas: https://gowers.wordpress.com/2011/10/31/how-might-we-get-to-a-new-

model-of-mathematical-publishing/.

� Launched Discrete Analysis 2016 as an arXiv-based overlay journalhttps://gowers.wordpress.com/2015/09/10/discrete-analysis-an-arxiv-overlay-journal

Overlay Journal Principle

Quality assessment…?

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Peer review… in the classical way?

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Public post-publication peer review.

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� Open and public process

� Fully transparent:

� Who?

� Which experience?

� What?

� Comments and Replies are openly shared

� Reviewing not limited to a narrow time frame

� Report can be cited (credited by DOI)

� Reviewer is acknowledged

Post-publication peer review (PPPR)

N. Kriegeskorte: Front Comput Neurosci. 6 (2012) 1–18

F1000, The Winnower, ScienceOpen.

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� Who?


� What?







Does post-publication peer review work?

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ScienceOpen … peer review statistics

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� Who?


� What?







Overlay Journals and PPPR?

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� Concept has been implemented for all disciplines

and 13+ million papers at ScienceOpen

Overlay Journal and PPPR Principle

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Case study: ScienceOpen

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� ScienceOpen is a next generation Open Access indexing platform

� Aggregating journal content (PMC, arXiv, sciELO,…)


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� 15 million article records

� More than 2m open access articles with full text

� All articles are open forpublic post-publication peer reviewing (PPPR)

� Further information provided per article: � # social mentions (Altmetric)

� # open access citations (Open Citation Index)

� related articles (Discovery section)


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42










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ScienceOpen - Discovering context

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ScienceOpen … discuss + review

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ScienceOpen … user profiles

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Searching in more than 13 million articles…

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Sort by rating, citations, altmetric,…

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…to filter relevant papers – for you/your peers

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…to filter relevant papers – for you/your peers

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…or to set up or curate your Collection

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ScienceOpen: Collections

Collections: how does it work?

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� Editor(s) can start a Collection on ScienceOpen

� Selecting papers from a list of 15m article records(arXiv plus PMC plus SciELO)

� Commenting these papers as Editor

� Invite peers to review (or wait for volunteers)

� Examples:

� Topical Collections

� Conference Collections

� Poster Collections…


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� Editor(s) can start a Collection on ScienceOpen

� Selecting papers from a list of 15m article records(arXiv plus PMC plus SciELO)

� Commenting these papers as Editor

� Invite peers to review (or wait for volunteers)

� Examples:

� Topical Collections

� Conference Collections

� Poster Collections…


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ScienceOpen… Topical collection

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ScienceOpen… Poster Collection DPG‘15

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ScienceOpen… Paul Drude Institute

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� A new way to filter content

� Independent of journal or publisher

� Filtering to narrow complexity of current researchoutcome in different aspects: topic, institution,…

� Not pre-selective but consists of those papers whichare relevant to your peers

� Flexible: not limited by (publication) dateand resource (journal) but a ‚living‘ list

Collections: Advantages

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ScienceOpen… Paul Drude Institute

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� Incorporate existing resources as (OA) journals, pre-print servers or repositories (non-redundancy)

� Engages transparent and open quality assessment: public post-publication peer review process (PPPR)


Principle of future scientific communication?

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� Incorporate existing resources as (OA) journals, pre-print servers or repositories (non-redundancy)

� Engages transparent and open quality assessment: public post-publication peer review process (PPPR)


…to replace classical journals…?

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Scientific Publishing: Perspectives

Traditional Publishing Current Trends

journals = content containers interdisciplinary databasefor specific discipline = „megajournal“ or Collections

IF does not provide information article level metrics (altmetrics)about relevance of research

no data available open data

limiting article type to open to reproduction papersoriginal or „new“ research and negative results studies

static publication „living“ document; versioning

closed peer-review open evaluation; anonymous reviewers post-publication peer-review

no credits for reviewer acknowledgement of reviews

no interaction between (open) communication andauthors and readers active feedback

content is paywalled open access (OA)

library pays for APCs paid by governmentaljournal subscriptions or institutional funding partners

authors prefer prestigous andhighly ranked journals to publish ?

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Scientific Publishing: Perspectives

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Literature

www.scienceopen.com/collection/Science20

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Thank you!

Alexander GrossmannProf. Dr. rer. nat.

HTWK LeipzigUniversity of Applied Sciences

ScienceOpenBerlin – Boston – Budapest

@SciPubLab

[email protected]

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